thumb|Royal cubit rod inscribed with the name of King [[Amenhotep II, gilded wood, New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty, 1427–1401 BC, from the Tomb of Kha and Merit (TT8). Museo Egizio, Turin (S. 8647).]]
The ancient Egyptian units of measurement are those used by the dynasties of ancient Egypt prior to its incorporation in the Roman Empire and general adoption of Roman, Greek, and Byzantine units of measurement. The units of length seem to have originally been anthropic, based on various parts of the human body, although these were standardized using cubit rods, strands of rope, and official measures maintained at some temples.
Following Alexander the Great's conquest of Persia and subsequent death, his bodyguard and successor Ptolemy assumed control in Egypt, partially reforming its measurements, introducing some new units and hellenized names for others.
Length
thumb|upright|Folding cubit rod, [[New Kingdom of Egypt|New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty, 1425–1353 BC, from the Tomb of Kha and Merit (TT8), Deir el-Medina. Museo Egizio, Turin (S. 8391).]]
Egyptian units of length are attested from the Early Dynastic Period. Although it dates to the 5th dynasty, the Palermo stone recorded the level of the Nile River during the reign of the Early Dynastic pharaoh Djer, when the height of the Nile was recorded as 6 cubits and 1 palm (about ). A Third Dynasty diagram shows how to construct an elliptical vault using simple measures along an arc. The ostracon depicting this diagram was found near the Step Pyramid of Saqqara. A curve is divided into five sections and the height of the curve is given in cubits, palms, and digits in each of the sections.
At some point, lengths were standardized by cubit rods. Examples have been found in the tombs of officials, noting lengths up to remen. Royal cubits were used for land measures such as roads and fields. Fourteen rods, including one double-cubit rod, were described and compared by Lepsius. Two examples are known from the Saqqara tomb of Maya, the treasurer of Tutankhamun. Another was found in the tomb of Kha (TT8) in Thebes. These cubits are about long and are divided into palms and hands: each palm is divided into four fingers from left to right and the fingers are further subdivided into ro from right to left. The rulers are also divided into hands
Surveying and itinerant measurement were undertaken using rods, poles, and knotted cords of rope. A scene in the tomb of Menna in Thebes shows surveyors measuring a plot of land using rope with knots tied at regular intervals. Similar scenes can be found in the tombs of Amenhotep-Sesi, Khaemhat and Djeserkareseneb. The balls of rope are also shown in New Kingdom statues of officials such as Senenmut, Amenemhet-Surer, and Penanhor.
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; text-align: center"
|+ Units of Length
| <hiero>D50</hiero>
| ḏbꜥ || || hōhf
| style="text-align: right" |
| style="text-align: right" | 5
| style="text-align: right" |9.38 cm
|-
| Fist
| <hiero>H7-G37</hiero>
| pḏ šsr<br>šꜣt nḏs<br>
| rowspan=2 | mahe<br>mehi
| style="text-align: right" | 6
| style="text-align: right" | 24
| style="text-align: right" |45 cm
|-
| Cubit<br>Royal Cubit<br>Meh Nesut<br>Mahi<br>Ell<br>52.5cm
| <hiero>N35:D58-M17-V1-T19</hiero>
| nbiw || ||
| style="text-align: right" | 8
| style="text-align: right" | 32
| style="text-align: right" |60 cm
|-
| colspan=8 |
|-
| Rod<br>Rod of Cord<br>Stick of Rope and <hiero>M3:X1*Z1-N35-N35:U19-W24-G43-V28-V1</hiero>, <hiero>M3:X1*Z1-N35-N35:U19:W24-V28-V1</hiero>, and <hiero>M3:X1*Z1-N35-U19-W24-V28</hiero>, Minor units include the Middle Kingdom reed of 2 royal cubits,