Aiolornis incredibilis is an extinct species of teratorn bird from the western United States. Only fragmentary remains have been found, which are dated between the Early Pliocene (Zanclean) and Late Pleistocene. First described as Teratornis incredibilis by Howard in 1952 based on a cuneiform bone, the species has been moved to the new genus Aiolornis by Campbell, Scott and Springer in 1999. The generic name is derived from the ancient Greek words aiolus and ornis. Aiolus refers to the Greek god of the wind, and ornis means "bird". The specific name incredibilis means 'incredible'. A. incredibilis is lesser-known than its close relative, Teratornis merriami, even though A. incredibilis was significantly larger. It presumably became extinct at the same time as the other megafauna in North America.

History of discovery

The first Aiolornis material, described in 1952, was a cuneiform bone found in Smith Creek Cave, White Pine County, which is located 34 miles north of Baker, Nevada. The fossil was found to be from the Quaternary, and similarities with Teratornis merriami were noted in the description, hence the usage of the name T. incredibilis in the original description of the bird. The specimen was deemed distinct enough to warrant the naming of a new species based on its sheer size and other differences. The holotype specimen (on which the species is based) is around 40% larger than the same bone in T. merriami.

In a redescription published in 1999, the species was moved into its own genus, Aiolornis, as A. incredibilis. Prior to this redescription, four additional specimens had been referred to T. incredibilis, although they were not diagnostic. There is also a lack of certainty on whether all of this material actually belongs to Aiolornis, due to the fragmentary nature of the fossils and the large timespan they represent. The fossils include the proximal end of an ulna, the distal end of a radius, the fragmentary proximal end of a carpometacarpus, and the anterior portion of a beak.

The 1999 paper also refers a new bone to the species, a partial humerus (upper arm bone). The specimen was collected at Quintin Lake in April 1993, which is located approximately 1 km northeast of Murrieta, Riverside County, California. It differs from that of T. merriami in multiple aspects. The many differences between A. incredibilis and T. merriami supported the erection of the new genus Aiolornis for the former.

References

  • Photo of model at Anza-Borrego desert state park