{{Infobox Russian inhabited locality
| en_name = Abakan
| ru_name = Абакан
| loc_name1 = Ағбан
| loc_lang1 = Khakas
| loc_name2 = Абахан
| loc_lang2 = Khakas
| image_skyline = Фонтан у обновленного входа в Абаканский зоопарк.jpg
| image_caption = Abakan Zoo.
| image_map =
| map_caption =
| map_label_position = right
| coordinates =
| image_flag = Flag of Abakan (Khakassia).png
| flag_caption =
| image_coa = Coat of Arms of Abakan (Khakassia).png
| coa_caption =
| anthem =
| anthem_ref =
| holiday = Second to last Saturday in August
| holiday_ref = Charter of Abakan, Article 7
| federal_subject = Republic of Khakassia
| federal_subject_ref =
| adm_district_jur =
| adm_district_jur_ref =
| adm_inhabloc_jur = City of Abakan
| adm_inhabloc_jur_ref =
| adm_citydistrict_type =
| adm_selsoviet_jur =
| adm_selsoviet_type =
| adm_selsoviet_jur_ref =
| capital_of = Republic of Khakassia
| capital_of_ref =
| adm_ctr_of1 = City of Abakan
| adm_ctr_of1_ref =
| adm_ctr_of2 =
| adm_ctr_of2_ref =
| inhabloc_cat = City
| inhabloc_cat_ref =
| inhabloc_type =
| inhabloc_type_ref =
| mun_district_jur =
| mun_district_jur_ref =
| urban_okrug_jur = Abakan Urban Okrug
| urban_okrug_jur_ref =
| urban_settlement_jur =
| urban_settlement_jur_ref =
| rural_settlement_jur =
| rural_settlement_jur_ref =
| inter_settlement_territory =
| inter_settlement_territory_ref =
| mun_admctr_of1 = Abakan Urban Okrug
| mun_admctr_of1_ref =
| mun_admctr_of2 =
| mun_admctr_of2_ref =
| leader_title = Head
| leader_title_ref = Charter of Abakan, Article 20
| leader_name = Alexey Lemin
| leader_name_ref =
| representative_body = Council of Deputies
| representative_body_ref =
| elevation_m =
| area_km2 =
| area_km2_ref =
| pop_2010census = 165214
| pop_2010census_rank = 109th
| pop_2010census_ref =
| pop_density =
| pop_latest = 173200
| pop_latest_date = January 2014
| pop_latest_ref = Republic of Khakassia Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. Численность населения на начало года
| population_demonym =
| established_date = 1675
| established_title =
| established_date_ref =
| current_cat_date = 30 April 1931
| current_cat_date_ref =
| abolished_date =
| abolished_date_ref =
| postal_codes = 655000; 655001; 655002; 655003; 655004; 655005; 655006; 655007; 655008; 655009; 655010; 655011; 655012; 655014; 655015; 655016; 655017; 655018; 655019; 655022; 655400; 655401; 655899; 655961; 655965; 655966; 655990; 655996.
| postal_codes_ref =
| dialing_codes = 3902
| dialing_codes_ref =
| website = http://абакан.рф
}}
Abakan ( ; , ) is the capital city of Khakassia, Russia, located in the central part of the Minusinsk Depression, at the confluence of the Yenisei and Abakan Rivers. As of the 2010 Census, it had a population of 165,214—a slight increase over 165,197 recorded during the 2002 Census and a further increase from 154,092 recorded during the 1989 Census.
History
Abakansky ostrog (), also known as Abakansk (), was built at the mouth of the Abakan River in 1675. In the 1780s, the selo of Ust-Abakanskoye () was established in this area. It was granted town status and given its current name on 30 April 1931.Resolution of April 30, 1931
In 1940, Russian construction workers found ancient ruins during the construction of a highway between Abakan and Askiz. When the site was excavated by Soviet archaeologists in 1941–1945, they realized that they had discovered a building absolutely unique for the area: a large (1500 square meters) Chinese-style, likely Han dynasty era (206 BC–220 AD) palace. The identity of the high-ranking personage who lived luxuriously in Chinese style, far outside the Han Empire's borders, has remained a matter for discussion ever since. Russian archaeologist surmised, based on circumstantial evidence, that the palace may have been the residence of Li Ling, a Chinese general who had been defeated by the Xiongnu in 99 BCE, and defected to them as a result. While this opinion has remained popular, other views have been expressed as well. More recently, for example, it was claimed by as the residence of , a Han throne pretender from the Guangwu era.
Lithuanian and Polish exiles
In the late 18th and during the 19th century, Lithuanian participants in the 1794, 1830–1831, and 1863 rebellions against Russian rule were exiled to Abakan. A group of camps was established where prisoners were forced to work in the coal mines. After Stalin's death, Lithuanian exiles from the nearby settlements moved in.
Also Polish exiles were deported to Khakassia, with the some descendants still living in the region. In 1994, a local Polish school was founded, which was supported by the local authorities until 2014, and in 1999, a Polish-language faculty was introduced at the local Khakassian State University.
Administrative and municipal status
Abakan is the capital of the republic.Law #20 Within the framework of administrative divisions, it is incorporated as the City of Abakan—an administrative unit with the status equal to that of the districts As a municipal division, the City of Abakan is incorporated as Abakan Urban Okrug.Law #59
Education
The city has Katanov State University of Khakasia.
Transportation
thumb|Abakan Airport
Abakan (together with Tayshet) was a terminal of the major Abakan-Taishet Railway.
The city is served by the Abakan International Airport.
Military
The 100th Air Assault Brigade of the Russian Airborne Troops was based in the city until circa 1996.
Sports
Bandy, similar to hockey, is one of the most popular sports in the city. Sayany-KhakassiaTeam picture of Sayany-Khakassia was playing in the top-tier Super League in the 2012–13 season but was relegated for the 2013–14 season and has been playing in the Russian Bandy Supreme League ever since. The Russian Government Cup was played here in 1988 and in 2012.
Climate
Abakan has a borderline dry-winter continental (Köppen climate classification Dwb)/cold semi-arid climate (Köppen BSk). Temperature differences between seasons are extreme, which is typical for Siberia. Precipitation is concentrated in the summer and is less common because of rain shadows from nearby mountains.
{{Weather box
|width = auto
|location=Abakan
|single line=yes
|metric first=yes
|Jan record high C=7.2
|Feb record high C=9.1
|Mar record high C=20.2
|Apr record high C=33.5
|May record high C=37.6
|Jun record high C=37.1
|Jul record high C=38.5
|Aug record high C=36.3
|Sep record high C=34.3
|Oct record high C=24.5
|Nov record high C=15.6
|Dec record high C=7.5
|year record high C=
|Jan avg record high C = 0.1
|Feb avg record high C = 1.8
|Mar avg record high C = 11.6
|Apr avg record high C = 22.5
|May avg record high C = 30.1
|Jun avg record high C = 32.3
|Jul avg record high C = 33.7
|Aug avg record high C = 31.5
|Sep avg record high C = 25.9
|Oct avg record high C = 18.3
|Nov avg record high C = 8.3
|Dec avg record high C = 1.8
|year avg record high C = 34.5
|Jan high C=−12.3
|Feb high C=−8.6
|Mar high C=1.0
|Apr high C=11.5
|May high C=19.9
|Jun high C=24.7
|Jul high C=26.8
|Aug high C=24.1
|Sep high C=17.0
|Oct high C=8.5
|Nov high C=-2.4
|Dec high C = −9.7
|year high C =
|Jan mean C = -17.8
|Feb mean C = -15.2
|Mar mean C = -5.4
|Apr mean C = 4.4
|May mean C = 12.3
|Jun mean C = 17.8
|Jul mean C = 20.4
|Aug mean C = 17.6
|Sep mean C = 10.7
|Oct mean C = 2.9
|Nov mean C = -7.2
|Dec mean C = -14.8
|year mean C =
|Jan low C = −23.3
|Feb low C = −21.8
|Mar low C = −11.8
|Apr low C = -2.7
|May low C = 4.6
|Jun low C = 10.9
|Jul low C = 13.9
|Aug low C = 11.0
|Sep low C = 4.3
|Oct low C = -2.7
|Nov low C = −11.9
|Dec low C = −19.9
|year low C =
|Jan avg record low C = -34.9
|Feb avg record low C = -33.5
|Mar avg record low C = -25.7
|Apr avg record low C = -11.6
|May avg record low C = -5.0
|Jun avg record low C = 3.3
|Jul avg record low C = 8.4
|Aug avg record low C = 4.3
|Sep avg record low C = -3.3
|Oct avg record low C = -12.1
|Nov avg record low C = -24.5
|Dec avg record low C = -32.7
|year avg record low C = -37.4
|Jan record low C = −47.6
|Feb record low C = −45.1
|Mar record low C = −38.7
|Apr record low C = −23.2
|May record low C = −11.1
|Jun record low C = -3.6
|Jul record low C = 1.2
|Aug record low C = 0.2
|Sep record low C = −9.5
|Oct record low C = −22.9
|Nov record low C = −37.6
|Dec record low C = −43.8
|year record low C =
|Jan precipitation mm = 7.3
|Feb precipitation mm = 5.6
|Mar precipitation mm = 4.6
|Apr precipitation mm = 12.3
|May precipitation mm = 27.9
|Jun precipitation mm = 55.8
|Jul precipitation mm = 66.0
|Aug precipitation mm = 61.5
|Sep precipitation mm = 35.5
|Oct precipitation mm = 16.1
|Nov precipitation mm = 10.1
|Dec precipitation mm = 8.0
|year precipitation mm =
|Jan precipitation days = 2.6
|Feb precipitation days = 2.0
|Mar precipitation days = 1.4
|Apr precipitation days = 3.4
|May precipitation days = 5.9
|Jun precipitation days = 9.3
|Jul precipitation days = 8.8
|Aug precipitation days = 9.4
|Sep precipitation days = 7.2
|Oct precipitation days = 3.8
|Nov precipitation days = 3.1
|Dec precipitation days = 2.4
|year precipitation days =
|source 1= Météo climat stats
|source 2= Météo Climat
|date=November 2019
}}
Local government
thumb|Memorial complex to victims of Stalinist repressions
The structure of the local government in the city of Abakan is as follows:
- council of deputies of the city of Abakan - a representative body of the municipality;
- the head of the city of Abakan - the head of the municipality;
- the administration of the city of Abakan - the executive and administrative body of the municipality;
- auditing commission of the municipality of the city of Abakan - the control and accounting body of the municipality.
Council of Deputies
The council consists of 28 deputies. Deputies are elected in single-member constituencies and on party lists. Elections of deputies of the VI convocation were held on a single voting day in 2018.
{| class="wikitable"
|+Composition of the City Council
! rowspan="2" |Party
! colspan="2" |Number of deputies
! rowspan="2" |Result
|-
!By okrug
!By lists
|-
|United Russia
|11
|5 (28.83%)
|16
|-
|CPRF
|2
|3 (23.97%)
|5
|-
|LDPR
|0
|3 (22.19%)
|3
|-
|Party of Pensioners
|0
|1 (7.11%)
|1
|-
|A Just Russia – For Truth
|0
|1 (6.93%)
|1
|-
|Communists of Russia
|0
|1 (6.83%)
|1
|-
|Self-nominated
|1
| ---
|1
|-
|
|14
|14
|28
|}
Head of the city (head of the municipality)
- Alexey Viktorovich Lyomin
Chairman of the Council of Deputies
- Albert Yuryevich Tupikin
Nikolai Bulakin Prize
In 2021, the annual Nikolai Bulakin Prize of Abakan was established for outstanding services and achievements in the city's development. The award includes a monetary reward of 200,000 rubles and a diploma.Applicants for the N. G. Bulakin Prize - Abakan. - 2021. - November 24. - p. 4.Новая муниципальная награда — IRTA Abakan, 15 October 2021.
References
Notes
Sources
- {{Cite Soviet law
|ru_entity=Президиум Центрального исполнительного комитета СССР
|ru_type=Постановление
|ru_date=30 апреля 1931 г.
|ru_title=О преобразовании села Усть-Абаканское, центра Хакасской автономной области, в город с переименованием его в "Абакан"
|ru_effective_date=
|ru_published_in=
|ru_published_date=
|ru_url=
|en_entity=Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of the USSR
|en_type=Resolution
|en_date=April 30, 1931
|en_title=On the Transformation of the Selo of Ust-Abakanskoye, the Center of Khakas Autonomous Oblast, into a City and on Renaming It "Abakan"
|en_effective_date=
|en_url=
}}
External links
- Official website of Abakan
- Unofficial website of Abakan
- Directory of organizations in Abakan
- Abakan city streets views
- Beyaz Arif Akbas, "Khakassia: The Lost Land", Portland State Center for Turkish Studies, 2007