Presidential elections were held in Poland on 25 November 1990, with a second round on 9 December. They were the first direct presidential elections in the history of Poland, and the first free presidential elections since the May Coup of 1926. Before World War II, presidents were elected by the Sejm. From 1952 to 1989—the bulk of the Communist era—the presidency did not exist as a separate institution, and most of its functions were fulfilled by the State Council of Poland, whose chairman was considered the equivalent of a president.
There were six candidates who successfully managed to register - Solidarity chairman Lech Wałęsa, Canadian entrepreneur Stanisław Tymiński, Prime Minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Members of the Sejm Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz and Roman Bartoszcze, and anti-communist oppositionist Leszek Moczulski. Despite for a long time coming first in opinion polls, Tadeusz Mazowiecki's campaign failed to convince voters to his side, and he did not enter the runoff, coming third in the first round. Stanisław Tymiński came second in a large upset unforeseen by every political force in the country, and, being seen by other candidates as a liar and opportunist, managed to unite both the postcommunist and Solidarity establishments against him. In the second round, Wałęsa won almost 75% of the vote, the largest electoral victory for a free election in Polish political history.
Background
Fall of Communism
Following the Polish Round Table Agreement, universal parliamentary elections were held in Poland. They were the first free elections since 1928, and began the era of democratic and free market reforms in Poland, as the power of the Polish United Workers' Party (PZPR) began quickly disintegrating - early next year, the party would dissolve, succeeded by the Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland (SdRP), where most of the communist party's wealth was controversially transferred, and the short-lived Polish Social Democratic Union.
The last attempts at salvaging power by the PZPR was the appointment of Czesław Kiszczak as prime minister, who was first assigned the mission of forming a new government with 237 votes (and 173 against), but later, after a defection from ZSL and SD, his proposed government failed to receive the Sejm's confidence. Instead, Solidarity compromised with the communists in a historic compromise, wherein PZPR Chairman Wojciech Jaruzelski would be elected to the newly created position of president, while a Solidarity-aligned candidate - Tadeusz Mazowiecki - would become prime minister.
It was required to get 100,000 signatures to run in the election. Only six managed to get past the threshold of signatures - Lech Wałęsa, Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz, Roman Bartoszcze, Leszek Moczulski and an unknown Canadian entrepreneur, However, SdRP sought to modernize its image away from the nomenklatura, and the speculated candidates were reaching the end points of their careers regardless. The General Secretary of SdRP, Leszek Miller, at first endorsed the nonpartisan Ombudsman Ewa Łętowska to be the party's candidate. However, she rejected the offer. As such, Miller endorsed SdRP chairman and future president Aleksander Kwaśniewski, who also rejected, knowing he would lose in a landslide and likely undermine his position in the party by doing so. Kwaśniewski controversially chose to endorse Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz instead, who was the leader of SdRP's parliamentary club. The Supreme Council of the party held a vote which confirmed Cimoszewicz's nomination, and he became the official candidate of the party in the presidential election. He returned to Poland to contest the presidential elections. He was the only candidate without any political party's backing who managed to cross the threshold of 100,000 signatures needed to contest the elections, in the meanwhile mass-distributing his political manifesto, "".
- Jan Bratoszewski (Lawyer from Radom)
- (Chairman of the )
- Gabriel Janowski (Senator)
- Janusz Korwin-Mikke (Chairman of the Real Politics Union)
- (Machinist from Warsaw)
- Kornel Morawiecki (Chairman of the )
- Józef Onyszko (Chairman of the Association for the Development of Higher Consciousness "Refugium")
- (Chairman of the Christian-Democratic Labour Party)
- Bolesław Tejkowski (Chairman of the )
- Waldemar Trajdos (Insurance worker from Łódź)
Campaign
thumb|Wałęsa's election poster
First round
While most voters generally believed the candidates they backed would do best to solve most of the country's issues, there were two major outliers - ~40% of voters believed Bartoszcze would best fix the country's agricultural problems, compared to his 7.15% general vote share, and ~20% of voters believed Moczulski would best deal with the communist nomenklatura and withdrawal from the Eastern bloc, compared to his 2.50% vote share.
Mazowiecki's starting situation was rather unfavorable. Despite holding control over TVP, the Polish national television, his team were inept and at utilizing such a vital campaign organ (which would provide tremendous help to every consecutive presidential candidate which controlled it). and his lack of oratory skills, combined with his preoccupation serving as prime minister, In some circles, Mazowiecki was accused of secretly having Jewish ancestry, a notion which he rejected and condemned. Meanwhile, Wałęsa insinuated Mazowiecki led an inactive, elite government that prided itself in the prestige of governance alone, contrasting it with proposed his model of real societal intervention.
|}
Second round candidate endorsements
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="2" | Candidate
! First round
! colspan="2" | Endorsement
|-
| style="background-color:#667191;" |
| Tadeusz Mazowiecki
| 18.08%
| style="background-color:#DD1D1A;" |
| Lech Wałęsa
|-
| style="background-color:#E2001A;" |
| Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz
| 9.21%
| style="background-color: #FFFFFF;" |
| colspan="2" | No endorsement
|-
| style="background-color: #1BB100;" |
| Roman Bartoszcze
| 7.15%
| style="background-color:#DD1D1A;" |
| Lech Wałęsa
|-
| style="background-color: #333300;" |
| Leszek Moczulski
| 2.50%
| style="background-color:#DD1D1A;" |
| Lech Wałęsa
|}
Opinion polls
First round
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%; line-height:14px;"
|-
! rowspan="3" |Pollster
! rowspan="3" |Date of polling
! colspan="6" |Final candidates
! colspan="6" |Potential candidates
! rowspan="3" |Others and<br />Undecideds
|-
! style="width:60px;" | Wałęsa<br />
! style="width:60px;" | Tymiński<br />
! style="width:60px;" | Mazowiecki<br />
! style="width:60px;" | Cimoszewicz<br />
! style="width:60px;" | Bartoszcze<br />
! style="width:60px;" | Moczulski<br />
! style="width:60px;" | Skubiszewski<br />
! style="width:60px;" | Geremek<br />
! style="width:60px;" | Jaruzelski<br />
! style="width:60px;" | Brzeziński<br />
! style="width:60px;" | Baka<br />
! style="width:60px;" | <br />
|-
| style="background:;" |
| style="background:;" |
| style="background:#667191;" |
| style="background:#E2001A;" |
| style="background:;" |
| style="background:;" |
| style="background:;" |
| style="background:#CC1F27;" |
| style="background:;" |
| style="background:;" |
| style="background:;" |
| style="background:;" |
|-
|style="background-color:#E9E9E9" |Election results
| 25 November 1990
| style="background:#FF4F4C; color:white;" | 39.96
| style="background:#DBDBDB; color:black;" | 23.10
| 18.08
| 9.21
| 7.15
| 2.50
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
|-
| colspan="15" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|
|-
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|CBOS
| 22–23 November 1990
| style="background:#FF4F4C; color:white;" | 33
| 18
| style="background:#98A3C3; color:black;" | 27
| 10
| 9
| 3
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
| —
|-
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|CBOS
| 17–18 November 1990
| style="background:#FF4F4C; color:white;" | 27
| style="background:#DBDBDB; color:black;" | 20
| 17
| 5
| 6
| 1
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 24
|-
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|CBOS
| 10–11 November 1990
| style="background:#FF4F4C; color:white;" | 30.5
| 12.6
| style="background:#98A3C3; color:black;" | 20.6
| 5.8
| 7.6
| 1.9
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 21.0
|-
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|OBOP
| 23–24 October 1990
| style="background:#FF4F4C; color:white;" | 33
|
| style="background:#98A3C3; color:black;" | 28
| 2
| 3
| 1
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 33
|-
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|CBOS
| 17–23 October 1990
| style="background:#FF4F4C; color:white;" | 33.2
|
| style="background:#98A3C3; color:black;" | 41.8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 20.3
|-
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|CBOS
| 11–16 October 1990
| style="background:#FF4F4C; color:white;" | 27.3
|
| style="background:#98A3C3; color:black;" | 39.8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 27.7
|-
| colspan="15" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Election called by Sejm Marshal Mikołaj Kozakiewicz (2 October 1990)
|-
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|CBOS
| September 1990
| style="background:#FF4F4C; color:white;" | 17.8
|
| style="background:#98A3C3; color:black;" | 15.8
|
|
|
| 8.9
| 8.5
| 6.8
|
|
|
| 42.2
|-
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|CBOS
| June 1990
| style="background:#FF4F4C; color:white;" | 15.6
|
| style="background:#98A3C3; color:black;" | 18.0
|
|
|
|
| 9.2
| 11.9
|
|
|
| 45.3
|-
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|CBOS
| May 1990
| 16.1
|
| style="background:#98A3C3; color:black;" | 23.9
|
|
|
|
| style="background:#FF565F; color:white;" | 18.7
| 16.6
| 4.6
| 1.9
| 1.7
| 16.5
|-
| colspan="15" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Tadeusz Mazowiecki becomes Prime Minister of Poland (24 August 1989)
|-
| style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|CBOS
| May 1989
| style="background:#FF4F4C; color:white;" | 18.7
|
| 2.3
|
|
|
|
| 7.7
| style="background:#F1A08D;" | 18.5
|
| 2.7
|
| 50.1
|-
! colspan=15| Sources:
|}
Second round
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:85%; line-height:14px;"
|-
! rowspan="2" style="width:200px;" | Polling firm/Link
! rowspan="2" data-sort-type="date" | Fieldwork<br />date
! rowspan="2" style="width:20px;" | Sample<br/>size
! Wałęsa<br />
! Tymiński<br />
! rowspan="2" | Don't know
! rowspan="2" | Lead
|-
| style="background:;" |
| style="background:;" |
|- style="background:#EFEFEF; font-weight:bold;"
| 1990 presidential election
|
| 14,650,037
| style="background:#FF4F4C; color:white;" | 74.25
| 25.75
|
| style="background:; color:white;" | 48.50
|-
| OBOP
| 3–4 Dec
| 1,000
| style="background:#FF4F4C; color:white;" | 73
| 18
| 11
| style="background:; color:white;" | 55
|-
| Demoskop
| 4 Dec
| 1,000
| style="background:#FF4F4C; color:white;" | 61
| 20
|
| style="background:; color:white;" | 41
|-
| CBOS
| 1–3 Dec
| 1,500
| style="background:#FF4F4C; color:white;" | 58
| 23
|
| style="background:; color:white;" | 35
|-
| OBOP
| 26–27 Nov
| 1,000
| style="background:#FF4F4C; color:white;" | 58
| 30
| 12
| style="background:; color:white;" | 28
|}
A second-round poll by "Biuro Badan Społecznych 'Wika'" for "Fundacja Radia 'Solidarność'" among 500 respondents showed that 68% would vote for Wałęsa, and 14% for Tymiński in the city of Warsaw.
Results
Results by voivodeship
First round
<div style="overflow:auto">
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
!
! align=center colspan=2 | Lech Wałęsa
! align=center colspan=2 | Stanisław Tymiński
! align=center colspan=2 | Tadeusz Mazowiecki
! align=center colspan=2 | Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz
! align=center colspan=2 | Roman Bartoszcze
! align=center colspan=2 | Leszek Moczulski
! align=center colspan=2 | Turnout
|-
! align=center | Voivodeship
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | #
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | %
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | #
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | %
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | #
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | %
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | #
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | %
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | #
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | %
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | #
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | %
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | #
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | %
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Bialskopodlaskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 52 282||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 41.47%||26 063||20.69%||8509||6.75%||12 694||10.08%||23 410||18.58%||3034||2.41%||128 597||59.64%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Białostockie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 127 538||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 42.50%||36 046||12.01%||38 948||12.98%||81 581||27.18%||11 703||3.90%||4302||1.43%||304 822||60.95%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Bielskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 185 832||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 45.08%||88 756||21.53%||81 447||19.76%||28 116||6.82%||16 156||3.92%||11 904||2.89%||418 863||66.44%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Bydgoskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 156 971||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 31.13%||139 964||27.75%||93 102||18.46%||65 339||12.96%||35 587||7.06%||13 333||2.64%||511 426||64.91%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Chełmskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 39 427||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 39.66%||21 137||21.26%||7316||7.36%||12 753||12.83%||15 822||15.92%||2960||2.98%||101 423||58.00%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Ciechanowskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 62 022||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 36.19%||55 698||32.50%||11 657||6.80%||17 549||10.24%||21 655||12.63%||2809||1.64%||174 872||57.67%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Częstochowskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 129 514||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 37.23%||111 135||31.95%||48 631||13.98%||25 045||7.20%||22 514||6.47%||11 035||3.17%||353 503||62.57%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Elbląskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 61 021||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 31.66%||60 315||31.29%||32 995||17.12%||19 632||10.19%||14 317||7.43%||4471||2.32%||195 531||59.52%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Gdańskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 336 893||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 52.28%||92 965||14.43%||142 382||22.09%||38 454||5.97%||19 031||2.95%||14 721||2.28%||652 487||63.23%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Gorzowskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 60 605||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 29.79%||54 423||26.75%||46 027||22.63%||24 394||11.99%||13 294||6.54%||4671||2.30%||206 749||59.86%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Jeleniogórskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 75 148||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 34.17%||60 760||27.63%||47 264||21.49%||21 851||9.94%||8907||4.05%||5695||2.59%||223 073||60.44%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Kaliskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 101 245||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 31.43%||87 936||27.30%||54 180||16.82%||36 296||11.27%||35 514||11.03%||6929||2.15%||328 596||65.56%
|-
| align=left style="background: #DBDBDB" |Katowickie || 505 891||30.99%||style="background: #DBDBDB;" | 507 737||style="background: #DBDBDB;" | 31.10%||398 627||24.42%||126 869||7.77%||31 294||1.92%||62 144||3.81%||1 653 252||57.35%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Kieleckie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 159 472||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 34.40%||121 537||26.22%||50 855||10.97%||51 542||11.12%||68 231||14.72%||11 889||2.56%||471 818||57.72%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Konińskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 72 753||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 37.60%||53 835||27.82%||17 980||9.29%||19 606||10.13%||25 389||13.12%||3928||2.03%||197 597||60.33%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Koszalińskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 65 093||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 31.04%||60 344||28.78%||42 259||20.15%||22 809||10.88%||14 244||6.79%||4935||2.35%||212 909||59.08%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Krakowskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 279 192||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 51.16%||55 028||10.08%||138 548||25.39%||29 129||5.34%||27 204||4.99%||16 588||3.04%||553 360||60.34%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Krośnieńskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 107 217||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 50.84%||45 066||21.37%||20 843||9.88%||13 395||6.35%||18 792||8.91%||5581||2.65%||215 345||63.59%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Legnickie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 69 695||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 33.03%||68 280||32.36%||39 269||18.61%||17 407||8.25%||11 241||5.33%||5093||2.41%||213 672||61.11%
|-
| align=left style="background: #DBDBDB" |Leszczyńskie || 43 702||24.76%||style="background: #DBDBDB;" | 50 560||style="background: #DBDBDB;" | 28.65%||35 652||20.20%||20 999||11.90%||21 951||12.44%||3607||2.04%||180 145||67.79%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Lubelskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 197 696||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 46.65%||74 559||17.60%||49 087||11.58%||39 274||9.27%||50 392||11.89%||12 742||3.01%||430 191||58.47%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Łomżyńskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 71 263||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 50.64%||35 792||25.43%||9367||6.66%||9 410||6.69%||12 294||8.74%||2597||1.85%||143 511||59.29%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Łódzkie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 233 992||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 43.57%||112 805||21.00%||105 606||19.66%||59 878||11.15%||11 045||2.05%||13 745||2.60%||543 442||58.76%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Nowosądeckie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 181 783||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 62.29%||32 919||11.28%||36 989||12.68%||12 448||4.27%||20 791||7.12%||6880||2.36%||299 202||63.39%
|-
| align=left style="background: #DBDBDB" |Olsztyńskie || 92 944||30.63%||style="background: #DBDBDB;" | 102 684||style="background: #DBDBDB;" | 33.84%||45 279||14.92%||34 570||11.39%||20 966||6.91%||6930||2.28%||307 981||59.94%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Opolskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 140 073||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 37.53%||79 064||21.19%||89 437||23.97%||30 618||8.20%||23 432||6.28%||10 560||2.83%||381 093||53.28%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Ostrołęckie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 70 353||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 44.70%||48 092||30.56%||9 743||6.19%||11 790||7.49%||14 955||9.50%||2456||1.56%||160 727||58.48%
|-
| align=left style="background: #DBDBDB" |Pilskie || 53 725||25.24%||style="background: #DBDBDB;" | 56 799||style="background: #DBDBDB;" | 26.69%||47 236||22.19%||27 662||13.00%||22 004||10.34%||5416||2.54%||217 158||66.16%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Piotrkowskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 115 914||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 43.47%||66 287||24.86%||24 931||9.35%||24 038||9.01%||29 057||10.90%||6431||2.41%||271 662||59.04%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Płockie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 76 614||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 35.55%||72 649||33.71%||20 244||9.39%||20 170||9.36%||21 839||10.13%||4005||1.86%||219 346||59.25%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Poznańskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 197 630||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 32.21%||129 252||21.06%||181 136||29.52%||60 490||9.86%||31 902||5.20%||13 181||2.15%||662 620||68.59%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Przemyskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 81 624||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 48.17%||28 372||16.74%||17 667||10.43%||10 992||6.49%||26 999||15.93%||3791||2.24%||173 296||61.24%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Radomskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 152 944||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 50.54%||54 236||17.92%||23 905||7.90%||27 348||9.04%||37 999||12.56%||6180||2.04%||308 171||58.35%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Rzeszowskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 173 174||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 54.89%||57 114||18.10%||31 823||10.09%||18 144||5.75%||27 056||8.58%||8162||2.59%||321 604||65.43%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Siedleckie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 121 738||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 46.05%||67 360||25.48%||14 581||5.52%||17 616||6.66%||39 005||14.76%||4048||1.53%||269 980||59.09%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Sieradzkie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 59 523||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 33.87%||51 317||29.20%||16 144||9.18%||17 923||10.20%||27 278||15.52%||3580||2.04%||178 951||60.82%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Skierniewickie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 69 464||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 41.03%||47 148||27.85%||15 226||8.99%||13 659||8.07%||20 390||12.05%||3392||2.00%||172 273||56.54%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Słupskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 49 230||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 30.36%||47 055||29.02%||31 426||19.38%||18 063||11.14%||12 465||7.69%||3919||2.42%||164 513||58.37%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Suwalskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 65 759||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 37.50%||50 918||29.04%||19 165||10.93%||19 738||11.26%||15 418||8.79%||4345||2.48%||178 247||55.52%
|-
| align=left style="background: #BDC2D1" |Szczecińskie ||116 800||28.16%||105 900||25.53%||style="background: #BDC2D1;" | 117 949||style="background: #BDC2D1;" |28.43%||40 950||9.87%||17 528||4.23%||15 689||3.78%||420 358||59.66%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Tarnobrzeskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 108 572||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 44.81%||60 424||24.94%||16 819||6.94%||18 329||7.56%||32 523||13.42%||5652||2.33%||247 946||59.54%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Tarnowskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 149 958||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 53.09%||35 320||12.50%||40 379||14.29%||13 095||4.64%||36 323||12.86%||7395||2.62%||289 500||63.47%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Toruńskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 82 818||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 29.34%||76 516||27.11%||54 443||19.29%||29 038||10.29%||22 971||8.14%||6488||2.30%||286 002||60.56%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Wałbrzyskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 107 837||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 33.95%||95 839||30.17%||61 449||19.34%||31 413||9.89%||13 212||4.16%||7920||2.49%||321 802||59.76%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Warszawskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 651 947||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 50.67%||162 761||12.65%||321 571||24.99%||108 593||8.44%||21 148||1.64%||20 632||1.60%||1 296 644||64.28%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Włocławskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 59 274||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 33.87%||43 810||25.03%||18 621||10.64%||24 967||14.27%||24 310||13.89%||4037||2.31%||178 032||57.33%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Wrocławskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 209 984||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 42.14%||101 738||20.42%||118 987||23.88%||36 444||7.31%||20 835||4.18%||10 314||2.07%||503 886||60.28%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Zamojskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 94 896||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 45.52%||32 198||15.44%||10 568||5.07%||16 669||8.00%||49 483||23.74%||4659||2.23%||212 700||60.23%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Zielonogórskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 80 527||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 29.08%||71 092||25.68%||66 995||24.20%||35 236||12.73%||16 299||5.89%||6741||2.43%||281 575||61.03%
|-
!Poland||6 569 889||39.96%||3 797 605||23.10%||2 973 364||18.08%||1 514 025||9.21%||1 176 175||7.15%||411 516||2.50%||16 702 000||60.63%
|}</div>
Second round
<div style="overflow:auto">
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
|-
! rowspan=3 class="unsortable" | Voivodeship
! align=center colspan=2 class="unsortable"| Lech Wałęsa
! align=center colspan=2 class="unsortable"| Stanisław Tymiński
! align=center colspan=2 class="unsortable"| Turnout
|-
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | #
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | %
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | #
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | %
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | #
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | %
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Bialskopodlaskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 80 104||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 69.30%||35 482||30.70%||118 082||54.78%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Białostockie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 188 571||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 70.15%||80 227||29.85%||274 946||54.92%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Bielskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 305 052||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 82.83%||63 246||17.17%||377 061||59.79%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Bydgoskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 275 401||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 64.79%||149 691||35.21%||437 758||55.50%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Chełmskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 56 915||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 64.36%||31 514||35.64%||90 761||51.84%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Ciechanowskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 90 872||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 58.90%||63 413||41.10%||158 171||59.64%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Częstochowskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 204 654||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 69.62%||89 308||30.38%||300 790||53.13%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Elbląskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 102 564||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 64.24%||57 094||35.76%||163 919||49.82%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Gdańskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 516 061||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 87.38%||74 502||12.62%||603 571||58.64%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Gorzowskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 103 823||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 62.67%||61 854||37.33%||170 389||49.26%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Jeleniogórskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 129 956||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 71.31%||52 294||28.69%||186 722||50.50%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Kaliskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 181 833||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 65.68%||95 014||34.32%||286 182||57.01%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Katowickie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 956 837||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 72.29%||366 854||27.71%||1 354 201||46.84%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Kieleckie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 262 315||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 64.33%||145 431||35.67%||417.763||51.11%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Konińskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 104 773||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 61.43%||65 796||38.57%||175 502||53.40%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Koszalińskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 108 560||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 62.51%||65 107||37.49%||178 432||49.43%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Krakowskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 476 313||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 90.20%||51 776||9.80%||536 484||58.47%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Krośnieńskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 160 548||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 80.61%||38 621||19.39%||203 382||60.04%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Legnickie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 121 855||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 69.37%||53 804||30.63%||179 582||51.07%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Leszczyńskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 89 871||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 61.17%||57 046||38.83%||153 033||57.56%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Lubelskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 295 261||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 76.74%||89 482||23.26%||392 638||53.25%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Łomżyńskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 99 297||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 75.23%||32 700||24.77%||135 115||55.77%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Łódzkie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 355 954||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 79.27%||93 066||20.73%||459 352||49.54%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Nowosądeckie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 275 564||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 90.87%||27 690||9.13%||309 255||65.24%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Olsztyńskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 149 930||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 59.02%||104 013||40.98%||260 642||50.71%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Opolskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 256 800||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 79.11%||67 827||20.89%||332 975||46.47%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Ostrołęckie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 101 552||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 69.84%||43 858||30.16%||149 211||54.22%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Pilskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 107 838||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 61.50%||67 680||37.50%||182 875||55.67%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Piotrkowskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 169 357||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 72.27%||64 969||27.73%||240 005||52.12%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Płockie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 112 838||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 59.10%||78 014||40.90%||195 468||52.74%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Poznańskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 382 219||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 74.63%||129 938||25.37%||528 198||54.59%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Przemyskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 130 479||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 79.68%||33 267||20.32%||167 204||59.15%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Radomskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 220 865||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 77.94%||62 504||22.06%||289 628||54.76%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Rzeszowskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 258 060||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 85.72%||42 988||14.28%||307 736||62.54%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Siedleckie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 177 957||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 72.88%||66 208||27.12%||250 088||54.68%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Sieradzkie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 91 549||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 60.30%||60 266||39.70%||156 131||53.07%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Skierniewickie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 102 184||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 69.28%||45 316||30.72%||150 903||49.52%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Słupskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 84 707||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 63.07%||49 595||36.93%||138 066||48.83%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Suwalskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 99 102||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 63.15%||57 820||36.85%||160 537||49.91%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Szczecińskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 219 562||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 66.68%||109 729||33.32%||337 521||59.64%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Tarnobrzeskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 157 460||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 70.24%||66 721||29.76%||229 101||55.15%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Tarnowskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 248 366||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 89.13%||30 277||10.87%||284 546||62.24%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Toruńskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 160 867||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 67.84%||76 269||32.16%||243 055||51.28%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Wałbrzyskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 187 643||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 70.53%||78 410||29.47%||271 734||50.39%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Warszawskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 913 625||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 86.87%||138 106||13.13%||1 072 542||57.02%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Włocławskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 92 783||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 59.33%||63 609||40.67%||160 203||51.42%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Wrocławskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 364 119||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 82.72%||76 142||17.28%||448 912||53.63%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Zamojskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 143 161||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 72.95%||53 090||27.05%||200 474||56.76%
|-
| align=left style="background: #FF8F9B" |Zielonogórskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 146 919||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 66.06%||75 470||33.94%||229 191||49.65%
|-
!Poland||10 622 696||74.25%||3 683 098||25.75%||14 650 037||53.40%
|}</div>
Notional results by modern voivodeship
The following notional results have been calculated by amalgamating the gmina-level results according to their inclusion in the Voivodeships of Poland created in the .
First round
350px|thumb|Map of the notional results for the first round, by modern-day Voivodeship.
<div style="overflow:auto">
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
!
! align=center colspan=2 | Lech Wałęsa
! align=center colspan=2 | Stanisław Tymiński
! align=center colspan=2 | Tadeusz Mazowiecki
! align=center colspan=2 | Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz
! align=center colspan=2 | Roman Bartoszcze
! align=center colspan=2 | Leszek Moczulski
! align=center colspan=2 | Turnout
|-
! align=center | Voivodeship
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | #
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | %
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | #
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | %
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | #
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | %
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | #
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | %
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | #
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | %
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | #
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | %
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | #
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | %
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | Lower Silesian || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 452 169||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 36.83%||324 358||26.42%||259 881||21.17%||106 059||8.64%||56 856||4.63%||28 401||2.31%||1 243 375||60.32%
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | Kuyavian-Pomeranian || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 287 450||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 31.98%||241 932||26.92%||155 677||17.32%||113 973||12.68%||77 606||8.64%||22 069||2.46%||911 329||61.78%
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | Lublin || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 409 809||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 44.59%||168 208||18.30%||77 999||8.49%||85 563||9.31%||152 877||16.63%||24 589||2.68%||935 794||58.76%
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | Lubusz || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 124 253||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 30.21%||103 617||25.19%||98 246||23.89%||51 650||12.56%||23 680||5.76%||9 835||2.39%||417 867||60.45%
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | Łódź || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 490 593||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 40.86%||296 894||24.73%||163 663||13.63%||120 851||10.07%||100 366||8.36%||28 296||2.36%||1 219 497||59.13%
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | Lesser Poland || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 694 201||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 51.29%||190 174||14.05%||255 780||18.90%||73 450||5.43%||100 114||7.40%||39 795||2.94%||1 379 631||62.38%
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | Masovian || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 1 070 230||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 48.28%||422 107||19.04%||358 078||16.15%||190 647||8.60%||139 504||6.29%||36 084||1.63%||2 246 781||60.76%
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | Opole || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 148 259||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 37.02%||88 171||22.02%||93 937||23.46%||32 523||8.12%||26 288||6.56%||11 293||2.82%||408 952||53.23%
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | Subcarpathian || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 471 094||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 51.33%||181 715||19.80%||97 540||10.63%||56 708||6.18%||87 755||9.56%||22 986||2.50%||936 318||63.71%
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | Podlaskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 232 716||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 44.40%||93 199||17.78%||57 396||10.95%||100 116||19.10%||31 862||6.08%||8 891||1.70%||532 931||59.49%
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | Pomeranian || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 421 865||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 45.98%||173 191||18.88%||193 212||21.06%||67 289||7.33%||40 365||4.40%||21 627||2.36%||929 522||62.14%
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | Silesian || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 700 182||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 33.60%||621 955||29.85%||479 768||23.03%||157 658||7.57%||49 753||2.39%||74 305||3.57%||2 110 856||58.87%
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | Świętokrzyskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 186 972||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 34.87%||141 369||26.36%||54 637||10.19%||59 355||11.07%||80 427||15.00%||13 455||2.51%||546 265||57.31%
|-
| align="left" style="background: #DBDBDB" | Warmian-Masurian || 170 742||31.51%||style="background: #DBDBDB;" | 180 609||style="background: #DBDBDB;" | 33.33%||77 931||14.38%||60 583||11.18%||39 488||7.29%||12 591||2.32%||550 667||59.60%
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | Greater Poland || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 453 739||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 30.79%||368 979||25.04%||330 964||22.46%||159 467||10.82%||128 698||8.73%||31 830||2.16%||1 500 420||65.00%
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | West Pomeranian || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 201 361||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 28.83%||188 245||26.95%||174 333||24.96%||73 593||10.53%||38 540||5.52%||22 490||3.22%||708 532||59.08%
|-
!Poland||6 569 889||39.96%||3 797 605||23.10%||2 973 364||18.08%||1 514 025||9.21%||1 176 175||7.15%||411 516||2.50%||16 702 000||60.63%
|}</div>
Second round
350px|thumb|Map of the notional results for the second round, by modern-day Voivodeship.
<div style="overflow:auto">
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right"
!
! align=center colspan=2 | Lech Wałęsa
! align=center colspan=2 | Stanisław Tymiński
! align=center colspan=2 | Turnout
|-
! align=center | Voivodeship
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | #
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | %
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | #
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | %
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | #
! align=center data-sort-type="number" | %
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | Lower Silesian || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 786 674||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 75.04%||261 623||24.96%||1 070 833||51.88%
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | Kuyavian-Pomeranian || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 490 599||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 64.34%||271 949||35.66%||783 252||52.97%
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | Lublin || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 615 597||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 72.91%||228 751||27.09%||862 760||54.12%
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | Lubusz || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 218 610||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 65.81%||113 576||34.19%||341 517||49.36%
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | Łódź || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 737 210||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 71.67%||291 339||28.33%||1 053 680||51.02%
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | Lesser Poland || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 1 145 270||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 87.36%||165 637||12.64%||1 336 177||60.32%
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | Masovian || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 1 591 180||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 79.27%||416 102||20.73%||2 050 655||55.37%
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | Opole || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 271 901||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 78.23%||75 657||21.77%||356 546||46.33%
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | Subcarpathian || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 713 210||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 82.17%||154 721||17.83%||886 711||60.24%
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | Podlaskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 338 652||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 71.03%||138 149||28.97%||487 765||54.39%
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | Pomeranian || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 666 790||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 81.18%||154 538||18.82%||840 887||56.14%
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | Silesian || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 1 262 846||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 73.68%||451 115||26.32%||1 753 441||48.78%
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | Świętokrzyskie || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 301 290||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 63.48%||173 330||36.52%||486 210||51.02%
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | Warmian-Masurian || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 274 595||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 59.91%||183 774||40.09%||470 483||50.86%
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | Greater Poland || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 842 150||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 67.74%||401 031||32.26%||1 286 221||55.63%
|-
| align="left" style="background: #FF8F9B" | West Pomeranian || style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 366 122||style="background: #FF8F9B;" | 64.47%||201 806||35.53%||582 899||48.49%
|-
!Poland||10 622 696||74.25%||3 683 098||25.75%||14 650 037||53.40%
|}</div>
Aftermath
thumb|Bielecki in 1991
Prime Minister Mazowiecki, utterly humiliated, resigned from his office soon after the election. His successor, Jan Krzysztof Bielecki, was another liberal, who was again selected by the criteria Wałęsa set out for any possible prime ministers - to be younger and less experienced politically. Bielecki, though not significantly changing the course of the country, was more subservient to the now-president and his vision.
President-elect Wałęsa resigned from his role as Chairman of the Solidarity trade union shortly after becoming president, endorsing Lech Kaczyński to become the new chairman of the trade union. He faced the liberal-aligned Bogdan Borusewicz and relatively nonpartisan Marian Krzaklewski. On the 3rd Congress of Solidarity on 22–25 February, despite Wałesa's endorsement, Kaczyński lost the vote for union leadership to Krzaklewski, who would become an important politician for the duration of the next decade. In 1991, its candidates were disqualified in 90% of districts, and would only secure 52,735 votes, winning 3 seats. The party would not win any seats in any following elections. After running for president again in 2005, he only won 23,545 votes. votes. Though his political career was barely relevant following the first direct presidential election in Poland, his name became famous worldwide, and many would try to draw lines between Tymiński and other "populists", such as American presidential candidate Donald Trump or Law and Justice chairman Jarosław Kaczyński.
Notes
References
- Obwieszczenie PKW z dn. 26 XI 1990 r., Dziennik Ustaw. Nr 83, poz. 483 (Polish)
- Obwieszczenie PKW z dn. 10 XII 1990 r., Dz.U. Nr 85, poz. 499 (Polish)