Presidential elections were held in the United States on November 7, 1972. Incumbent Republican President Richard Nixon and his running mate, incumbent Vice President Spiro Agnew, were re-elected to a second term in a landslide. They defeated the Democratic ticket of Senator George McGovern and former ambassador to France Sargent Shriver. With 60.7% of the popular vote, Nixon won the largest share of the popular vote for the Republican Party in any presidential election.
Nixon swept aside challenges from two Republican representatives in the Republican primaries to win renomination. McGovern, who had played a significant role in changing the Democratic nomination system after the 1968 U.S. presidential election, mobilized the anti-Vietnam War movement and other liberal supporters to win the Democratic nomination. Among the candidates he defeated were early front-runner Edmund Muskie, 1968 nominee Hubert Humphrey, governor George Wallace, and representative Shirley Chisholm.
Nixon emphasized the strong economy and his success in foreign affairs, while McGovern ran on a platform calling for an immediate end to the Vietnam War and the institution of a guaranteed minimum income. Nixon maintained a large lead in polling. McGovern's general election campaign was damaged by the perception that his platform was radical, and by revelations that his initial running mate, Thomas Eagleton, had undergone electroconvulsive therapy as a treatment for depression; Eagleton was replaced by Sargent Shriver after only nineteen days on the ticket. In June, Nixon's reelection committee broke into the Watergate complex to wiretap the Democratic National Committee's headquarters; early news of the incident had little impact on the success of Nixon's campaign, but further damaging revelations in the ensuing Watergate scandal soon engulfed his second term.
Nixon won the election in a landslide victory, taking 60.7% of the popular vote, carrying 49 states and becoming the first Republican to sweep the South, whereas McGovern took just 37.5% of the popular vote. This marked the most recent time that the Republican nominee carried Minnesota in a presidential election; it also made Nixon the only two-term vice president to be elected president twice. The 1972 election was the first since the ratification of the 26th Amendment, which lowered the voting age from 21 to 18, further expanding the electorate.
Republican nomination
Republican candidates:
- Richard Nixon, President of the United States from California
- Pete McCloskey, Representative from California
- John M. Ashbrook, Representative from Ohio
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
|-
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"|65px|center|link=Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party (United States)<big> 1972 Republican Party ticket</big>
|-
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#E81B23; width:200px;"| Richard Nixon|
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:#E81B23; width:200px;"| Spiro Agnew|
|- style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:#ffd0d7;"
| style="width:3em; width:200px;"|for President
| style="width:3em; width:200px;"|for Vice President
|-
| center|200x200px
| center|200x200px
|-
|37th<br />President of the United States<br /><small>(1969–1974)</small>
|39th<br />Vice President of the United States<br /><small>(1969–1973)</small>
|-
| colspan=2 |Campaign
|-
| colspan=2 |200x200px
|-
|}
Primaries
Nixon was a popular incumbent president in 1972, as he was credited with opening the People's Republic of China as a result of his visit that year, and achieving détente with the Soviet Union. Polls showed that Nixon held a strong lead in the Republican primaries. He was challenged by two candidates: liberal congressman Pete McCloskey from California, and conservative congressman John Ashbrook from Ohio. McCloskey ran as an anti-war candidate, while Ashbrook opposed Nixon's détente policies towards China and the Soviet Union. In the New Hampshire primary, McCloskey garnered 19.8% of the vote to Nixon's 67.6%, with Ashbrook receiving 9.7%. Nixon won 1323 of the 1324 delegates to the Republican convention, with McCloskey receiving the vote of one delegate from New Mexico. Vice President Spiro Agnew was re-nominated by acclamation; while both the party's moderate wing and Nixon himself had wanted to replace him with a new running-mate (the moderates favoring Nelson Rockefeller, and Nixon favoring John Connally), it was ultimately concluded that such action would incur too great a risk of losing Agnew's base of conservative supporters.
Primary results
Convention
Seven members of Vietnam Veterans Against the War were brought on federal charges for conspiring to disrupt the Republican convention. They were acquitted by a federal jury in Gainesville, Florida.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|- style="text-align:center"
! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%;"|John Lindsay
! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%;"|Eugene McCarthy
! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%;"|Sam Yorty
! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%;"|Vance Hartke
! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%;"|Patsy Mink
! scope="col" style="width:10em; font-size:120%;"|Fred R. Harris
|- style="text-align:center"
|center|120x120px
|center|120x120px
|center|120x120px
|center|120x120px
|center|120x120px
|center|120x120px
|- style="text-align:center"
|Mayor of New York<br>from New York<br><small>(1966–1973)</small>
|U.S. Senator<br>from Minnesota<br><small>(1959–1971)</small>
|Mayor of Los Angeles<br>from California<br><small>(1961–1973)</small>
|U.S. Senator<br>from Indiana<br><small>(1959–1977)</small>
|U.S. Representative<br>from Hawaii<br><small>(1965–1977)</small>
|U.S. Senator<br>from Oklahoma<br><small>(1964–1973)</small>
|- style="text-align:center"
|center|120x120px
|center|120x120px
|center|120x120px
|center|120x120px
|
|center|120x120px
|- style="text-align:center"
|Campaign
|Campaign
|Campaign
|Campaign
|Campaign
|Campaign
|- style="text-align:center"
|: December 28, 1971<br>: April 4, 1972<br /><small>196,406 votes<br>6 </small>
|: December 17, 1971<br><small>553,352 votes</small>
|: November 16, 1971<br>: June 5, 1972<br />: June 5, 1972<br /><small>79,446 votes</small>
|: January 3, 1972<br>: March 26, 1972<br />: March 26, 1972<br /><small>11,798 votes</small>
|: May 24, 1972<br /><small>8,286 votes</small>
|: September 24, 1971<br>: November 10, 1971
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|}
Primaries
Senate Majority Whip Ted Kennedy, the youngest brother of former president John F. Kennedy and former senator Robert F. Kennedy, both of whom were assassinated in the 1960s, was the favorite to win the 1972 nomination, but he announced he would not be a candidate. The favorite for the Democratic nomination then became Maine Senator Ed Muskie, the 1968 vice-presidential nominee. Muskie's momentum collapsed just prior to the New Hampshire primary, when the "Canuck letter" was published in the Manchester Union-Leader. The letter, actually a forgery from Nixon's "dirty tricks" unit, claimed that Muskie had made disparaging remarks about French-Canadians – a remark likely to injure Muskie's support among the French-American population in northern New England. Subsequently, the paper published an attack on the character of Muskie's wife Jane, reporting that she drank and used off-color language during the campaign. Muskie made an emotional defense of his wife in a speech outside the newspaper's offices during a snowstorm. Though Muskie later stated that what had appeared to the press as tears were actually melted snowflakes, the press reported that Muskie broke down and cried, shattering the candidate's image as calm and reasoned.
Nearly two years before the election, South Dakota Senator George McGovern entered the race as an anti-war, progressive candidate. McGovern was able to pull together support from the anti-war movement and other grassroots support to win the nomination in a primary system he had played a significant part in designing. On January 25, 1972, New York Representative Shirley Chisholm announced she would run, and became the first African-American woman to run for a major-party presidential nomination. Hawaii Representative Patsy Mink also announced she would run, and became the first Asian American person to run for the Democratic presidential nomination. On April 25, George McGovern won the Massachusetts primary. Two days later, journalist Robert Novak quoted a "Democratic senator", later revealed to be Thomas Eagleton, as saying: "The people don't know McGovern is for amnesty, abortion, and legalization of pot. Once middle America – Catholic middle America, in particular – finds this out, he's dead." The label stuck, and McGovern became known as the candidate of "amnesty, abortion, and acid". It became Humphrey's battle cry to stop McGovern—especially in the Nebraska primary.
Alabama Governor George Wallace, an infamous segregationist who ran on a third-party ticket in 1968, did well in the Southern United States (winning nearly every county in the Florida primary) and among alienated and dissatisfied voters in the North. What might have become a forceful campaign was cut short when Wallace was shot in an assassination attempt by Arthur Bremer on May 15. Wallace was struck by five bullets and left paralyzed from the waist down. The day after the assassination attempt, Wallace won the Michigan and Maryland primaries, but the shooting effectively ended his campaign, and he pulled out in July. In the end, McGovern won the nomination by winning primaries through grassroots support, in spite of establishment opposition. McGovern had led a commission to re-design the Democratic nomination system after the divisive nomination struggle and convention of 1968. However, the new rules angered many prominent Democrats whose influence was marginalized, and those politicians refused to support McGovern's campaign (some even supporting Nixon instead), leaving the McGovern campaign at a significant disadvantage in funding, compared to Nixon. Some of the principles of the McGovern Commission have lasted throughout every subsequent nomination contest, but the Hunt Commission instituted the selection of superdelegates a decade later, in order to reduce the nomination chances of outsiders such as McGovern and Jimmy Carter.
Primary results
[[File:1972DemocraticPresidentialPrimaries.svg|thumb|400px|Statewide contest by winner<br>
]]
1972 Democratic National Convention
thumb|right|thumbtime=3.549|300px|Video from the Florida conventions
Results:
- George McGovern – 1864.95
- Henry M. Jackson – 525
- George Wallace – 381.7
- Shirley Chisholm – 151.95
- Terry Sanford – 77.5
- Hubert Humphrey – 66.7
- Wilbur Mills – 33.8
- Edmund Muskie – 24.3
- Ted Kennedy – 12.7
- Sam Yorty – 10
- Wayne Hays – 5
- John Lindsay – 5
- Fred Harris – 2
- Eugene McCarthy – 2
- Walter Mondale – 2
- Ramsey Clark – 1
- Walter Fauntroy – 1
- Vance Hartke – 1
- Harold Hughes – 1
- Patsy Mink – 1
Vice presidential vote
Most polls showed McGovern running well behind incumbent President Richard Nixon, except when McGovern was paired with Massachusetts Senator Ted Kennedy. McGovern and his campaign brain trust lobbied Kennedy heavily to accept the bid to be McGovern's running mate, but he continually refused their advances, and instead suggested U.S. Representative (and House Ways and Means Committee chairman) Wilbur Mills from Arkansas and Boston mayor Kevin White. Offers were then made to Hubert Humphrey, Connecticut Senator Abraham Ribicoff, and Minnesota Senator Walter Mondale, all of whom turned it down. Finally, the vice presidential slot was offered to Senator Thomas Eagleton from Missouri, who accepted the offer. A grassroots attempt to displace Eagleton in favor of Texas state representative Frances Farenthold gained significant traction, though was ultimately unable to change the outcome of the vote.
The vice-presidential balloting went on so long that McGovern and Eagleton were forced to begin making their acceptance speeches at around 2 am, local time. After the convention ended, it was discovered that Eagleton had undergone psychiatric electroshock therapy for depression and had concealed this information from McGovern. A Time magazine poll taken at the time found that 77 percent of the respondents said, "Eagleton's medical record would not affect their vote." Nonetheless, the press made frequent references to his "shock therapy", and McGovern feared that this would detract from his campaign platform. McGovern subsequently consulted confidentially with pre-eminent psychiatrists, including Eagleton's own doctors, who advised him that a recurrence of Eagleton's depression was possible and could endanger the country, should Eagleton become president.
McGovern had initially claimed that he would back Eagleton "1000 percent", only to ask Eagleton to withdraw three days later. This perceived lack of conviction in sticking with his running mate was disastrous for the McGovern campaign. McGovern later approached six prominent Democrats to run for vice president: Ted Kennedy, Edmund Muskie, Hubert Humphrey, Abraham Ribicoff, Larry O'Brien, and Reubin Askew. All six declined. Sargent Shriver, brother-in-law to John, Robert, and Ted Kennedy, former Ambassador to France, and former Director of the Peace Corps, later accepted. He was officially nominated by a special session of the Democratic National Committee. By this time, McGovern's poll ratings had plunged from 41 to 24 percent.
Third parties
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%; text-align:center;"
|-
| style="background:#f1f1f1;" colspan="30"|<big> 1972 American Independent Party ticket</big>
|-
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:; width:200px;"| John G. Schmitz|
! style="width:3em; font-size:135%; background:; width:200px;"| Thomas J. Anderson (author)|
|- style="color:#000; font-size:100%; background:;"
| style="width:3em; width:200px;"|for President
| style="width:3em; width:200px;"|for Vice President
|-
| center|200x200px
| center|200x200px
|-
| U.S. Representative from California's 35th district<br><small>(1970–1973)</small>
| Magazine publisher; conservative speaker
|-
| colspan=2 | Campaign
|-
| colspan=2 |200x200px
|-
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size:90%"
|- <sup>†</sup>
| colspan="9" style="text-align:center; width:600px; font-size:120%; color:white; background: ;"|Other Candidates
|-
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|Lester Maddox
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|Thomas J. Anderson
! scope="col" style="width:3em; font-size:120%;"|George Wallace
|-
|center|120x120px
|center|120x120px
|center|107x107px
|- style="text-align:center"
| Lieutenant Governor of Georgia <br><small>(1971–1975)</small><br /> Governor of Georgia<br><small>(1967–1971)</small>
| Magazine publisher; conservative speaker
| Governor of Alabama <br><small>(1963–1967, 1971–1979)</small> <br> 1968 AIP Presidential Nominee
|- style="text-align:center"
| Campaign
| Campaign
| Campaign
|- style="text-align:center"
|56 votes
|24 votes
|8 votes
|}
The only major third party candidate in the 1972 election was conservative Republican Representative John G. Schmitz, who ran on the American Independent Party ticket (the party on whose ballot George Wallace ran in 1968). He was on the ballot in 32 states and received 1,099,482 votes. Unlike Wallace, however, he did not win a majority of votes cast in any state, and received no electoral votes, although he did finish ahead of McGovern in four of the most conservative Idaho counties. Schmitz's performance in archconservative Jefferson County was the best by a third-party Presidential candidate in any free or postbellum state county since 1936 when William Lemke reached over twenty-eight percent of the vote in the North Dakota counties of Burke, Sheridan and Hettinger. Schmitz was endorsed by fellow John Birch Society member Walter Brennan, who also served as finance chairman for his campaign.
John Hospers and Theodora "Tonie" Nathan of the newly formed Libertarian Party were on the ballot only in Colorado and Washington, but were official write-in candidates in four others, and received 3,674 votes, winning no states. However, they did receive one Electoral College vote from Virginia from a Republican faithless elector (see below). The Libertarian vice-presidential nominee Tonie Nathan became the first Jew and the first woman in U.S. history to receive an Electoral College vote. Linda Jenness was nominated by the Socialist Workers Party, with Andrew Pulley as her running-mate. Benjamin Spock and Julius Hobson were nominated for president and vice-president, respectively, by the People's Party.
General election
Polling aggregation
The following graph depicts the standing of each candidate in the poll aggregators from February 1972 to Election Day.
thumb|800px|center|
Polling
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;line-height:17px"
|- valign= bottom
! Poll source
! Date(s)<br />administered
! class="unsortable" style="width:100px;"| Richard<br>Nixon (R)
! class="unsortable" style="width:100px;"| George<br>McGovern (D)
! class="unsortable" style="width:100px;"| George<br>Wallace (AI)
! class="unsortable" | Other
! class="unsortable" | Undecided
! class="unsortable" | Margin
|-
! | Election Results
|November 7, 1972
|align="center" |60.67%
|align="center" | 37.52%
|align="center" | -
|align="center" | 1.81%
|align="center" | -
| align="center" | 23.15
|-
| rowspan=1 | Harris
| rowspan=1 |November 2–4, 1972
| align="center" | 59%
| 35%
| -
| -
| 6%
| align="center" | 24
|-
| rowspan=1 | Gallup
| rowspan=1 |November 2-4, 1972
| align="center" | 61%
| 35%
| -
| 1%
| 3%
| align="center" | 26
|-
| rowspan=1 | Harris
| rowspan=1 |October 17–19, 1972
| align="center" | 59%
| 34%
| -
| -
| 7%
| align="center" | 25
|-
| rowspan=1 | Gallup
| rowspan=1 |October 13-16, 1972
| align="center" | 59%
| 36%
| -
| -
| 5%
| align="center" | 23
|-
| rowspan=1 | Gallup
| rowspan=1 |Sep. 29-Oct. 9, 1972
| align="center" | 60%
| 34%
| -
| 1%
| 5%
| align="center" | 26
|-
| rowspan=1 | Harris
| rowspan=1 |October 3–5, 1972
| align="center" | 60%
| 33%
| -
| -
| 7%
| align="center" | 27
|-
| rowspan=1 | Gallup
| rowspan=1 |September 22-25, 1972
| align="center" | 61%
| 33%
| -
| 1%
| 5%
| align="center" | 28
|-
| rowspan=1 | Harris
| rowspan=1 |September 19–21, 1972
| align="center" | 59%
| 31%
| -
| -
| 10%
| align="center" | 28
|-
| rowspan=1 | Harris
| rowspan=1 |Aug. 30–Sep. 1, 1972
| align="center" | 63%
| 29%
| -
| -
| 8%
| align="center" | 34
|-
| rowspan=1 | Gallup
| rowspan=1 |August 25-28, 1972
| align="center" | 61%
| 36%
| -
| -
| 3%
| align="center" | 25
|-
| rowspan=1 | Gallup
| rowspan=1 |August 26-27, 1972
| align="center" | 64%
| 30%
| -
| -
| 6%
| align="center" | 34
|-
| colspan="10" align="center" | August 21–23: Republican National Convention
|-
| rowspan=1 | Gallup
| rowspan=1 |August 4-7, 1972
| align="center" | 57%
| 31%
| -
| -
| 12%
| align="center" | 26
|-
| rowspan=1 | Harris
| rowspan=1 |July 14-17, 1972
| align="center" | 56%
| 37%
| -
| -
| 7%
| align="center" | 19
|-
| colspan="10" align="center" | July 10–13: Democratic National Convention
|-
| rowspan=1 | Harris
| rowspan=1 |July 1–6, 1972
| align="center" | 55%
| 35%
| -
| -
| 10%
| align="center" | 20
|-
| rowspan=2 | Gallup
| rowspan=2 |June 16-19, 1972
| align="center" | 45%
| 32%
| 18%
| -
| 5%
| align="center" | 13
|-
| align="center" | 53%
| 37%
| -
| -
| 10%
| align="center" | 16
|-
| rowspan=2 | Harris
| rowspan=2 |June 7–10, 1972
| align="center" | 45%
| 33%
| 17%
| -
| 5%
| align="center" | 12
|-
| align="center" | 54%
| 38%
| -
| -
| 8%
| align="center" | 16
|-
| rowspan=2 | Gallup
| rowspan=2 |May 26-29, 1972
| align="center" | 43%
| 30%
| 19%
| -
| 8%
| align="center" | 13
|-
| align="center" | 53%
| 34%
| -
| -
| 13%
| align="center" | 19
|-
| rowspan=2 | Harris
| rowspan=2 |May 9–10, 1972
| align="center" | 40%
| 35%
| 17%
| -
| 8%
| align="center" | 5
|-
| align="center" | 48%
| 41%
| -
| -
| 11%
| align="center" | 7
|-
| rowspan=2 | Gallup
| rowspan=2 |Apr. 28-May 1, 1972
| align="center" | 43%
| 35%
| 15%
| -
| 7%
| align="center" | 8
|-
| align="center" | 49%
| 39%
| -
| -
| 12%
| align="center" | 10
|-
| rowspan=1 | Gallup
| rowspan=1 |April 21-24, 1972
| align="center" | 45%
| 32%
| 16%
| -
| 7%
| align="center" | 13
|-
| rowspan=1 | Gallup
| rowspan=1 |April 14-17, 1972
| align="center" | 46%
| 31%
| 15%
| -
| 8%
| align="center" | 15
|-
| rowspan=2 | Harris
| rowspan=1 |February 4-7, 1972
| align="center" | 49%
| 34%
| 11%
| -
| 6%
| align="center" | 15
|-
| rowspan=1 | Harris
| rowspan=1 |August 24-27, 1971
| align="center" | 48%
| 33%
| 13%
| -
| 6%
| align="center" | 15
|-
| rowspan=1 | Harris
| rowspan=1 |May, 1971
| align="center" | 47%
| 33%
| 11%
| -
| 9%
| align="center" | 14
|-
| rowspan=1 | Harris
| rowspan=1 |February, 1971
| align="center" | 45%
| 34%
| 12%
| -
| 9%
| align="center" | 11
|-
|}
Campaign
left|thumb|Nixon during an August 1972 campaign stop
left|thumb|upright|McGovern speaking at an October 1972 campaign rally
McGovern ran on a platform of immediately ending the Vietnam War and instituting a guaranteed minimum income for the nation's poor. His campaign was harmed by his views during the primaries, which alienated many powerful Democrats, the perception that his foreign policy was too extreme, and the Eagleton debacle. As a result of these factors, McGovern's campaign was weakened, with the Republicans portraying McGovern as a radical left-wing extremist, and Nixon led in the polls by large margins throughout the entire campaign. With an enormous fundraising advantage and a comfortable lead in the polls, Nixon concentrated on large rallies and focused speeches to closed and select audiences, leaving much of the retail campaigning to surrogates like Vice President Agnew. Nixon did not try by design to extend his coattails to Republican congressional or gubernatorial candidates, preferring to pad his own margin of victory.
Results
[[File:1972prescountymap2.PNG|thumb|right|400px|Results by county
]]
thumb|right|400px|Results by congressional district
thumb|400x400px|Results by margin
This presidential election was the first since 1808 in which New York did not have the largest number of electors in the Electoral College, having fallen to 41 electors versus California's 45.
Nixon's percentage of the popular vote was only marginally less than Lyndon B. Johnson's record in 1964, and his margin of victory was slightly larger. Nixon won a majority vote in 49 states, including McGovern's home state of South Dakota. Only Massachusetts and the District of Columbia voted for the challenger, resulting in an even more lopsided Electoral College tally. McGovern garnered only 37.5 percent of the national popular vote, the lowest share received by a Democratic Party nominee since John W. Davis won only 28.8 percent of the vote in 1924. The only major party candidate since 1972 to receive less than 40 percent of the vote was Republican incumbent President George H. W. Bush who won 37.4 percent of the vote in 1992, an election that, as in 1924, was affected by a strong third-party vote. Nixon received the highest share of the popular vote for a Republican in history.
Although the McGovern campaign believed that its man had a better chance of defeating Nixon because of the new Twenty-sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution that lowered the national voting age to 18 from 21, most of the youth vote went to Nixon. This was the first election in American history in which a Republican candidate carried every single Southern state, continuing the region's transformation from a Democratic bastion (Solid South) into a Republican stronghold as President Nixon became the first Republican presidential candidate in a century to carry Arkansas. By this time, all the Southern states, except Arkansas and Texas, had been carried by a Republican in either the previous election or that of 1964, although Republican candidates carried Texas in 1928, 1952, and 1956. As a result of this election, Massachusetts became the only state that Nixon did not carry in any of the three presidential elections in which he was a candidate. Nixon became the first Republican to ever win two terms in the White House without carrying Massachusetts at least once, a feat later duplicated by George W. Bush and Donald Trump. Additionally, this remains the last one in which the Republican candidate carried Minnesota.
McGovern won a mere 130 counties, plus the District of Columbia and four county-equivalents in Alaska, easily the fewest counties won by any major-party presidential nominee since the advent of popular presidential elections, surpassing the previous lowest figures that had been recorded by Republicans William Howard Taft in 1912, and Herbert Hoover in 1932 in failed bids for re-election as president (Taft's total of 232 counties was the lowest recorded overall by a major-party candidate, and Hoover's 374 was the lowest earned by a candidate who finished in second place). In nineteen states, McGovern failed to carry a single county; he carried a mere one county-equivalent in a further nine states. In contrast to Walter Mondale's narrow 1984 win in Minnesota, McGovern comfortably won Massachusetts but lost every other state by at least five percentage points, as well as 45 states by more than ten percentage points (all but Massachusetts, Minnesota, Rhode Island, Wisconsin, and his home state of South Dakota). This also made Nixon the second former vice president in American history, after Thomas Jefferson (in 1800 and 1804), and the only two-term Vice President to be elected President twice. Since McGovern carried only one state, bumper stickers reading "Nixon49 America1", "Don't Blame Me, I'm From Massachusetts", and "Massachusetts: The One And Only" were popular for a short time in Massachusetts. Nixon managed to win 18% of the African American vote (Gerald Ford would get 16% in 1976).
The Wallace vote had been crucial to Nixon being able to sweep the states that had narrowly held out against him in 1968 (Maryland, Texas, and West Virginia), as well as the states Wallace won himself (Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, and Mississippi). The pro-Wallace group of voters had given AIP nominee John Schmitz a mere 2.4% of its support, while 19.1% backed McGovern, and the majority 78.5% broke for Nixon. Nixon, who became term-limited under the provisions of the Twenty-second Amendment as a result of his victory, became the first presidential candidate to win a significant number of electoral votes in three presidential elections since the ratification of that Amendment; only Trump has done the same. As of 2024, Nixon was the seventh of eight presidential nominees to win a significant number of electoral votes in at least three elections, the others being Jefferson, Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, Grover Cleveland, William Jennings Bryan, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Trump. The 520 electoral votes received by Nixon, added to the 301 electoral votes he received in 1968 and the 219 electoral votes he received in 1960, gave him 1,040 electoral votes, the second most total received by any presidential candidate (after Franklin D. Roosevelt's 1,876 total electoral votes).