[[File:1968 Summer Olympics medal map.svg|thumb|right|375px|World map showing the medal achievements of each country during the 1968 Summer Olympics<br /> Legend:<br />
represents countries that won at least one gold medal.<br />
represents countries that won at least one silver medal but no gold medals.<br />
represents countries that won at least one bronze medal (no gold or silver).<br />
represents participating countries that did not win medals.<br />
represents entities that did not participate at the 1968 Summer Olympics.]]
The 1968 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XIX Olympiad, were an international multi-sport event held in Mexico City, from 12 to 27 October. A total of 5,516 athletes from 112 nations participated in 172 events in 18 sports across 24 different disciplines. These were the first games to be held in Latin America.
Overall, athletes from 44 nations received at least one medal, and 39 nations won at least one gold medal. Athletes from the United States won the most gold medals, with 45, and the most medals overall, with 107. Teams from Kenya, Tunisia, and Venezuela won their nations' first Olympic gold medals, Mongolia, and Uganda won their nations' first Olympic medals.
Artistic gymnast Věra Čáslavská of Czechoslovakia was the most successful competitor at the games, winning six medals (four gold and two silver), and became famous for calling out the Soviet Union's invasion of her country at great personal risk. After her gold medal wins at these games, Čáslavská held the record for the most individual Olympic gold medals by a female athlete with seven, until Katie Ledecky surpassed it at the 2024 Summer Olympics with eight. Artistic gymnast Mikhail Voronin of the Soviet Union won the most total medals at the games with seven (two golds, four silvers, and one bronze). |alt=Peter Norman, Tommie Smith, and John Carlos in 1968 ]]
thumb|Boxer [[Francisco Rodríguez (boxer, born 1945)|Francisco Rodríguez, the first-ever Olympic gold medalist for Venezuela|alt=A man draped in the Colombian flag with a gold medal around his neck]]
thumb|Wrestler [[Tömöriin Artag, one of the first Olympic medalists for Mongolia Two bronze medals were awarded in each boxing event to the losing semi-finalists, as opposed to them fighting in a third place tiebreaker.
In gymnastics, two gold medals (and no silver medal) were awarded in the men's horizontal bar and women's floor exercise due to a first-place tie in both events.
Changes in medal standings
;Key
Disqualified athlete(s)
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+ List of official changes in medal standings
|-
! scope="col" align="center" style="width:10%" | Ruling date
! scope="col" align="center" style="width:13%"| Sport/Event
! scope="col" align="center" style="width:20%"| Athlete ()
! scope="col" align="center" style="width:2%" |
! scope="col" align="center" style="width:2%" |
! scope="col" align="center" style="width:2%" |
! scope="col" align="center" style="width:4%" |Total
! scope="col" align="center" class="unsortable" style="width:50%" |Notes
|-
! scope="row" rowspan=2 | 1968
| rowspan=2 | Modern pentathlon<br />Men's team
| style="width:10px; text-align:left;" style="background-color: #F7D9D3;" | <dl style="margin-bottom:0;"><dd><span style="font-size:smaller;line-height:1em">Björn Ferm ※<br />Hans Jacobson ※<br />Hans-Gunnar Liljenwall ※</span></dd></dl>|| || || −1 || −1
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:left;"| Following the introduction of anti-doping regulations by the International Olympic Committee in 1967, these Olympics saw the first disqualification for drug use in the Olympic Games. Modern pentathlete Hans-Gunnar Liljenwall was reported to have drunk beers beforehand to calm down his nerves before the pistol shooting event. He and the rest of his team were disqualified after he tested positive for excessive alcohol consumption and had to give the bronze medals they had won to the French team.
|-
| align=left | <dl style="margin-bottom:0;"><dd><span style="font-size:smaller;line-height:1em">Raoul Gueguen<br />Lucien Guiguet<br />Jean-Pierre Giudicelli</span></dd></dl>|| || || +1 || +1
|}
{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders sortable" style="text-align:center"
|+ List of official changes by country
|-
!
! scope="col" style="background-color:gold" | Gold
! scope="col" style="background-color:silver" | Silver
! scope="col" style="background-color:#c96" | Bronze
! scope="col" | Net Change
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left" |
|| 0 || 0 || −1 || −1
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:left" |
|| 0 || 0 || +1 || +1
|}