The 1966 United States House of Representatives elections was an election for the United States House of Representatives on November 8, 1966, to elect members to serve in the 90th United States Congress. They occurred in the middle of President Lyndon B. Johnson's second term. As the Vietnam War continued to escalate and race riots exploded in cities across the country, Johnson's popularity had fallen, and the opposition Republican Party was able to gain a net of 47 seats from Johnson's Democratic Party, which nonetheless maintained a clear majority in the House. This was also the first election that occurred after the Voting Rights Act of 1965 became law, the first time since 1870 that a Republican won a House seat in Arkansas, and the first since 1876 that the party did so in South Carolina (after the same in a 1965 special election for the seat).
Republican gains
- Alaska's at-large congressional district: four-term Democratic incumbent Ralph Rivers was defeated by Republican State Senator Howard Pollock.
- Arizona's 3rd congressional district: sophomore Democrat George F. Senner Jr. was defeated by state legislator Sam Steiger.
- Arkansas's 3rd congressional district: lumber executive and Arkansas GOP chair John Paul Hammerschmidt defeated incumbent James William Trimble, becoming the first Republican member of Arkansas' congressional delegation since Reconstruction.
- California's 18th congressional district: onetime Olympic gold medalist Bob Mathias defeated seven-term Democratic incumbent Harlan Hagen.
- California's 25th congressional district: Charles E. Wiggins defeated incumbent Democrat Ronald B. Cameron.
- California's 33rd congressional district: Jerry Pettis defeated incumbent Kenneth W. Dyal.
- Michigan's 2nd congressional district: Marvin Esch defeated incumbent Democrat Weston E. Vivian.
- Michigan's 3rd congressional district: Garry E. Brown defeated incumbent Democrat Paul H. Todd Jr..
- Michigan's 7th congressional district: Donald Riegle defeated incumbent Democrat John C. Mackie.
- Michigan's 11th congressional district: Philip Ruppe defeated incumbent Democrat Raymond Clevenger.
- Michigan's 19th congressional district: Jack H. McDonald defeated incumbent Democrat Billie S. Farnum.
- Texas's 7th congressional district: businessman and 1964 U.S. Senate candidate George H. W. Bush defeated Democratic challenger Frank Briscoe for the seat vacated by John Dowdy (whose district had been renumbered the 2nd).
- Texas's 18th congressional district: Bob Price succeeded retiring Democrat Walter E. Rogers by defeating Dee Miller.
Special elections
Elections are listed by date and district.
|-
!
| Herbert Covington Bonner
| | Democratic
| 1940
| | Incumbent died November 7, 1965.<br/>New member <!--elected-->elected February 5, 1966.<br/>Democratic hold; winner was later re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John Lindsay
| | Republican
| 1958
| | Incumbent resigned December 31, 1965 to become Mayor of New York City.<br/>New member <!--elected-->elected February 8, 1966.<br/>Republican hold; winner was later re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Albert Thomas
| | Democratic
| 1936
| | Incumbent died February 15, 1966.<br/>New member <!--elected-->elected March 26, 1966.<br/>Democratic hold; winner did not seek re-election.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John F. Baldwin Jr.
| | Republican
| 1954
| | Incumbent died March 9, 1966.<br/>New member <!--elected-->elected June 7, 1966.<br/>Democratic gain; winner was later re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
Overall results
411 incumbent members sought reelection, but 8 were defeated in primaries and 41 defeated in the general election for a total of 362 incumbents winning.
{| style="width:100%; text-align:center;"
|+ ↓
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:blue; width:57.01%;" | 248
| style="background:red; width:49.90%;" | 187
|-
| <span style="color:blue;">Democrat</span>
| <span style="color:red;">Republican</span>
|}
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:center"
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Parties
! colspan=4 | Seats
! colspan=3 | Popular Vote
|-
! 1964
! 1966
! Change
! Strength
! Vote
! %
! Change
|-
|
| Democratic Party
| align=right | 295
| align=right | 248
| align=right | 47
| align=right | 57.0%
| align=right | 26,934,136
| align=right | 50.9%
| align=right | 6.2%
|-
|
| Republican Party
| align=right | 140
| align=right | 187
| align=right | 47
| align=right | 43.0%
| align=right | 25,521,157
| align=right | 48.2%
| align=right | 5.8%
|-
|
| Conservative Party
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | 208,756
| align=right | 0.4%
| align=right | 0.3%
|-
|
| Independent
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | 85,641
| align=right | 0.2%
| align=right |
|-
|
| Liberal Party
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | 75,303
| align=right | 0.1%
| align=right | 0.1%
|-
|
| Peace and Freedom Party
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | 16,922
| align=right | <0.1%
| align=right |
|-
|
| American Independent Party
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | 14,461
| align=right | <0.1%
| align=right |
|-
|
| Constitution Party
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | 11,110
| align=right | <0.1%
| align=right |
|-
|
| Socialist Labor Party
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | 5,771
| align=right | <0.1%
| align=right |
|-
|
| Independent-Socialist Party
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | 3,502
| align=right | <0.1%
| align=right |
|-
|
| New Hispano Party
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | 2,263
| align=right | <0.1%
| align=right |
|-
|
| People's Choice Party
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | 1,299
| align=right | <0.1%
| align=right |
|-
|
| Socialist Workers Party
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | 1,014
| align=right | <0.1%
| align=right |
|-
|
| Veteran Party
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | 939
| align=right | <0.1%
| align=right |
|-
|
| Others
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | –
| align=right | 29,701
| align=right | 0.1%
| align=right | 0.1%
|-
! colspan=2 width=100 | Total
! 435
! 435
! 0
! 100.0%
! 52,901,975
! 100.0%
! ——
|}
Source: Election Statistics – Office of the Clerk
<sup>1</sup> One vacancy due to refusal of House to seat Adam Clayton Powell Jr. (D-New York)
{|
|- valign=top
| [[File:90 us house membership.png|thumb|450px|
{| align=center
! colspan=2 | House seats by party holding plurality in state
|-
|
|
|-
|
|
|-
|
|
|}]]
| [[File:90 us house changes.png|thumb|450px|
{| align=center
|
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|-
|
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|-
|
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| align=center colspan=2 |
|}]]
|}
Alabama
<!---->
|-
!
| Jack Edwards
| | Republican
| 1964
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William L. Dickinson
| | Republican
| 1964
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| George W. Andrews
| | Democratic
| 1944
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Glenn Andrews
| | Republican
| 1964
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Armistead I. Selden Jr.
| | Democratic
| 1952
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John H. Buchanan Jr.
| | Republican
| 1964
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| James D. Martin
| | Republican
| 1964
| | Incumbent retired to run for Governor of Alabama.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Robert E. Jones Jr.
| | Democratic
| 1947
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
Alaska
thumb|State House Results
|-
!
| Ralph Rivers
| | Democratic
| 1958
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Republican gain.
| nowrap |
|}
Arizona
<!---->
|-
!
| John Jacob Rhodes
| | Republican
| 1952
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Mo Udall
| | Democratic
| 1961
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| George F. Senner Jr.
| | Democratic
| 1962
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Republican gain.
| nowrap |
|}
Arkansas
<!---->
|-
!
| Ezekiel C. Gathings
| | Democratic
| 1938
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Wilbur Mills
| | Democratic
| 1938
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| James William Trimble
| | Democratic
| 1944
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Republican gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Oren Harris
| | Democratic
| 1940
| | Incumbent resigned to become district judge.<br/>Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|}
California
|-
!
| Don Clausen
| | Republican
| 1963
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Bizz Johnson
| | Democratic
| 1958
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John E. Moss
| | Democratic
| 1952
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Robert Leggett
| | Democratic
| 1962
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Phillip Burton
| | Democratic
| 1964
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William S. Mailliard
| | Republican
| 1952
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Jeffery Cohelan
| | Democratic
| 1958
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| George P. Miller
| | Democratic
| 1944
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Don Edwards
| | Democratic
| 1962
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Charles Gubser
| | Republican
| 1952
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| J. Arthur Younger
| | Republican
| 1952
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Burt Talcott
| | Republican
| 1962
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Charles M. Teague
| | Republican
| 1954
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Jerome Waldie
| | Democratic
| 1966
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John J. McFall
| | Democratic
| 1956
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| B. F. Sisk
| | Democratic
| 1954
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Cecil R. King
| | Democratic
| 1942
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Harlan Hagen
| | Democratic
| 1952
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Republican gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Chet Holifield
| | Democratic
| 1942
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| H. Allen Smith
| | Republican
| 1956
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Augustus Hawkins
| | Democratic
| 1962
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| James C. Corman
| | Democratic
| 1960
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Del M. Clawson
| | Republican
| 1963
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Glenard P. Lipscomb
| | Republican
| 1953
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Ronald B. Cameron
| | Democratic
| 1962
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Republican gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Thomas M. Rees
| | Democratic
| 1965
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Edwin Reinecke
| | Republican
| 1964
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Alphonzo E. Bell Jr.
| | Republican
| 1960
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| George Brown Jr.
| | Democratic
| 1962
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Edward R. Roybal
| | Democratic
| 1962
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Charles H. Wilson
| | Democratic
| 1962
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Craig Hosmer
| | Republican
| 1952
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Kenneth W. Dyal
| | Democratic
| 1964
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Republican gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Richard T. Hanna
| | Democratic
| 1962
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| James B. Utt
| | Republican
| 1952
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Bob Wilson
| | Republican
| 1952
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Lionel Van Deerlin
| | Democratic
| 1962
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John V. Tunney
| | Democratic
| 1964
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
Colorado
<!---->
|-
!
| Byron G. Rogers
| | Democratic
| 1950
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Roy H. McVicker
| | Democratic
| 1964
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Republican gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Frank Evans
| | Democratic
| 1964
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Wayne N. Aspinall
| | Democratic
| 1948
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
Connecticut
<!---->
|-
!
| Emilio Q. Daddario
| | Democratic
| 1958
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William St. Onge
| | Democratic
| 1962
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Robert Giaimo
| | Democratic
| 1958
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Donald J. Irwin
| | Democratic
| 1958<br/>1960 <br/>1964
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John S. Monagan
| | Democratic
| 1958
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Bernard F. Grabowski
| | Democratic
| 1962
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Republican gain.
| nowrap |
|}
Delaware
|-
!
| Harris McDowell
| | Democratic
| 1958
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Republican gain.
| nowrap |
|}
Florida
<!---->
Florida redistricted to adjust for demographic changes; in addition to minor boundary changes a district was removed from northern Florida, and Broward County was broken out into its own district.
|-
!
| Bob Sikes
| | Democratic
| 1940<br/>1944 <br/>1974
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap | Bob Sikes (Democratic) Unopposed
|-
! rowspan=2 |
| Don Fuqua<br/>
| | Democratic
| 1962
| Incumbent re-elected.
| rowspan=2 nowrap |
|-
| D. R. Matthews<br/>
| | Democratic
| 1952
| | Incumbent lost renomination.<br/>Democratic loss.
|-
!
| Charles E. Bennett<br/>
| | Democratic
| 1948
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap | Charles E. Bennett (Democratic) Unopposed
|-
!
| Syd Herlong<br/>
| | Democratic
| 1948
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap | Syd Herlong (Democratic) Unopposed
|-
!
| Edward Gurney<br/>
| | Republican
| 1962
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap | Edward Gurney (Republican) Unopposed
|-
!
| Sam Gibbons<br/>
| | Democratic
| 1962
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap | Sam Gibbons (Democratic) Unopposed
|-
!
| James A. Haley
| | Democratic
| 1952
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William C. Cramer<br/>
| | Republican
| 1954
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Paul Rogers<br/>
| | Democratic
| 1954
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap | Paul Rogers (Democratic) Unopposed
|-
!
| colspan=3 | None (district created)
| | New seat.<br/>Republican gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Claude Pepper<br/>
| | Democratic
| 1962
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap | Claude Pepper (Democratic) Unopposed
|-
!
| Dante Fascell<br/>
| | Democratic
| 1954
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
Georgia
<!---->
|-
!
| G. Elliott Hagan
| | Democratic
| 1960
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Maston E. O'Neal Jr.
| | Democratic
| 1964
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap | Maston E. O'Neal Jr. (Democratic) Unopposed
|-
!
| Bo Callaway
| | Republican
| 1964
| | Incumbent retired to run for governor.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| James MacKay
| | Democratic
| 1964
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Republican gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Charles L. Weltner
| | Democratic
| 1962
| | Incumbent withdrew and was replaced on the ballot.<br/>Republican gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John Flynt
| | Democratic
| 1954
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John William Davis
| | Democratic
| 1960
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| J. Russell Tuten
| | Democratic
| 1962
| | Incumbent lost renomination.<br/>Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Phillip M. Landrum
| | Democratic
| 1952
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap | Phillip M. Landrum (Democratic) Unopposed
|-
!
| Robert Grier Stephens Jr.
| | Democratic
| 1960
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
Hawaii
<!---->
|-
! rowspan=2 |
| Spark Matsunaga
| | Democratic
| 1962
| Incumbent re-elected.
| rowspan=2 nowrap |
|-
| Patsy Mink
| | Democratic
| 1964
| Incumbent re-elected.
|}
Idaho
<!---->
|-
!
| Compton I. White Jr.
| | Democratic
| 1962
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Republican gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| George V. Hansen
| | Republican
| 1964
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
Illinois
<!---->
|-
!
| William L. Dawson
| | Democratic
| 1942
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Barratt O'Hara
| | Democratic
| 1948<br/>1950 <br/>1952
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William T. Murphy
| | Democratic
| 1958
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Ed Derwinski
| | Republican
| 1958
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John C. Kluczynski
| | Democratic
| 1950
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Daniel J. Ronan
| | Democratic
| 1964
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Frank Annunzio
| | Democratic
| 1964
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Dan Rostenkowski
| | Democratic
| 1958
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Sidney R. Yates
| | Democratic
| 1948<br/>1962 <br/>1964
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Harold R. Collier
| | Republican
| 1956
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Roman Pucinski
| | Democratic
| 1958
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Robert McClory
| | Republican
| 1962
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Donald Rumsfeld
| | Republican
| 1962
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John N. Erlenborn
| | Republican
| 1964
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Charlotte Thompson Reid
| | Republican
| 1962
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John B. Anderson
| | Republican
| 1960
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Leslie C. Arends
| | Republican
| 1934
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Robert H. Michel
| | Republican
| 1956
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Gale Schisler
| | Democratic
| 1964
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Republican gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Paul Findley
| | Republican
| 1960
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Kenneth J. Gray
| | Democratic
| 1954
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William L. Springer
| | Republican
| 1950
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| George E. Shipley
| | Democratic
| 1958
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Melvin Price
| | Democratic
| 1944
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
Indiana
<!---->
Indiana redistricted for this election, election boundary changes forced two Republican incumbents into the same district while creating a new district that was won by another Republican.