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The year 1954 in archaeology involved some significant events.
Explorations
Excavations
- Mixco Viejo, Guatemala Musée d'Homme project under the direction of Henri Lehmann starts (continues through 1967).
- Neolithic-era site of Ashkelon discovered and excavated by French archaeologist Jean Perrot.
- Excavations at Beycesultan by Seton Lloyd of the British Institute of Archaeology in Ankara begin (continue to 1959).
- Excavations at Filitosa, Corsica, begin.
- Excavations at Nagarjunakonda by the Archaeological Survey of India begin (continue to 1960).
- Excavations at Nevasa, Maharashtra, begin (continue to 1956).
- Excavations of the London Mithraeum conducted under the direction of W. F. Grimes.
- Systematic excavations at Niah Caves begin under the direction of the Sarawak Museum.
Finds
- September 18 - Marble head of Mithras from London Mithraeum unearthed in Walbrook Square by W. F. Grimes's excavation.
Publications
- Maurice Beresford - The Lost Villages of England.
- R. Allen Brown - English Medieval Castles.
- Grahame Clark - Excavations at Star Carr, an early Mesolithic site at Seamer near Scarborough, Yorkshire.
- V. E. Nash-Williams - The Roman Frontier in Wales.
- Stuart Piggott - The Neolithic Cultures of the British Isles: a study of the stone-using agricultural communities of Britain in the second millennium B.C.
Births
- July 1 - William Rathje, American archaeologist and garbologist (d. 2012)
- Barbara Tsakirgis, American classical archaeologist (d. 2019)
Deaths
- March 6 - Sir John Myres, English archaeologist of Cyprus (b. 1869)
- April 10 - Ludwig Curtius, German Classical archaeologist (b. 1874)
- July 16 - Henri Frankfort, Dutch-born Egyptologist (b. 1897)
- October 5 - Alfred Tozzer, American Mesoamerican archaeologist (b. 1877)