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Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1946.
Explorations
- Maria Reiche begins to map the Nazca Lines.
- Mikhail Mikhaylovich Gerasimov investigates the burial site of Yuri Dolgorukiy (d. 1157) at the Church of the Saviour at Berestove in Ukraine but no remains are found.
Excavations
- Ferriby Boats 1 and 2 excavated in England.
- Three-year excavation of Eridu by Fuad Safar and Seton Lloyd of the Iraqi Directorate General of Antiquities and Heritage begins.
Publications
- November - Agatha Christie Mallowan, Come, Tell Me How You Live.
Finds
- Lacandon Maya lead photographer/explorer Giles Healey to Bonampak, the first time it is known to have been visited by a non-Mayan.
- Filitosa, Corsica, discovered.
- November - First Dead Sea Scrolls discovered.
Births
- July 1 - Mick Aston, English archaeologist best known for his work on Time Team (died 2013)
- August 12 - Bryony Coles, née Orme, English prehistoric landscape archaeologist
- December 29 - Ruth Shady, Peruvian archaeologist
Deaths
- November 17 - Max von Oppenheim, German Near Eastern archaeologist (born 1860)