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This is a list of aviation-related events from 1934:
Events
- Sir Alan Cobhams Flight Refuelling Ltd. develops the looped-hose aerial refueling system, a weighted cable let out of a tanker aircraft and grabbed by a grapnel fired from the receiving aircraft. It is the first practical aerial refueling system, and will not be replaced until the probe-and-drogue system is perfected in 1945.
- At Yokosuka, Japan, the Imperial Japanese Army and Imperial Japanese Navy hold the first of three annual interservice competitions in air combat techniques.
- The Mitsubishi Aircraft Company Ltd. is merged back into its parent company, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries.
- Franco-British Aviation (FBA), which had ceased the design and development of aircraft in 1931 due to a lack of post-World War I civilian orders for its aircraft, sells its workshops to the Bernard Aircraft Company and goes out of business. It had been founded in 1913.
January
- January 10–11 – A flight of six United States Navy Consolidated P2Y flying boats sets a new distance record for formation flying of between San Francisco, and Pearl Harbor, Territory of Hawaii. They also set a new speed record for this crossing of 24 hours 35 minutes.
- January 15 – On the final leg of a flight that began on 5 January in Saigon, French Indochina – with stops at Karachi, British India; Baghdad, Iraq; Marseille, France; and Lyon, France – the Air France Dewoitine D.332 Emeraude (registration F-AMMY) strikes a hill and crashes in a violent snowstorm at Corbigny, France, while flying from Lyon to Paris–Le Bourget Airport outside Paris, killing all ten people on board. The director of Air France, Maurice Noguès, and the governor-general of French Indochina, Pierre Pasquier, are among the dead. The aircraft is on a proving flight for an Air France route from Paris to Saigon and had left Paris on 21 December 1933 and arrived at Saigon on 28 December 1933 before beginning its return flight, and it crashes only from its final destination.
- January 24 – A fire levels a storage barn containing seven airplanes at Bellanca Field in New Castle, Delaware. The fire destroys the Wright-Bellanca WB-2 monoplane Miss Columbia, which in 1927 had made the second nonstop transatlantic flight by a fixed-wing aircraft — which also set an unrefueled distance record and was the first transoceanic flight with a passenger — then in 1930 had become the first airplane to make two nonstop transatlantic flights. Retired in 1934 and considered one of the most significant aircraft in aviation history, Miss Columbia had been slated for transfer to the Smithsonian Institution the next day.
- January 30 – Soviet aeronauts Pavel Fedosenko, Andrey Vasenko, and Ilya Usyskin take the hydrogen-filled high-altitude balloon Osoaviakhim-1 on its maiden flight to a record-setting altitude of , where it remains for twelve minutes. The 7-hour 14-minute flight – during which the balloon travels ( from its launch site – ends in tragedy when the crew loses control of the balloon during its descent and the gondola disintegrates and crashes near the village of Potizh-Ostrog in Insarsky District of Mordovian Autonomous Oblast in the Soviet Union, killing the crew.
February
- February 1 – South African Airways is founded.
- February 3 – Deutsche Luft Hansa begins the first regular airmail service across the Atlantic Ocean, between Berlin and Rio de Janeiro.
- February 7
- The first airmail flight between Australia and New Zealand is made by Charles Ulm in an Avro Ten, taking 14 hours 10 minutes.
- Germany begins a regular air mail service between Africa and South America, employing Dornier flying boats catapulted from depot ships. Dornier Do 26s will later fly the route without the assistance of ships, and various Dornier flying boats will complete over 300 crossings before the outbreak of World War II brings the service to an end in 1939.
- February 9 – President Franklin D. Roosevelt suspends all U.S. Air Mail contracts due to alleged improprieties by the Hoover Administration during the negotiations of those contracts.
- February 19 – The United States Army Air Corps begins flying U.S. airmail in the wake of President Roosevelts cancellation of all U.S. Air Mail contracts.
- February 26 – In the first week of U.S. Army Air Corps delivery of U.S. Air Mail, five Army aviators have been killed in accidents. The death rate highlights the lack of training of most U.S. Army pilots in night and bad-weather flying.
- March 9 – All air operations of the United States Customs Service are transferred to the United States Coast Guard.
- March 22
- The wreckage of the Pan American-Grace Airways (Panagra) Ford 5-AT-C Trimotor San José (registration NC403H) – which had crashed on Chile's Cerro El Plomo in the Andes Mountains during a severe snowstorm on 16 July 1932, killing all nine people on board, and subsequently been buried in ice and snow – finally is discovered.
- The Panagra Ford 5-AT-C Trimotor NC407H suffers engine failure and crashes on takeoff at Lima-Callao International Airport at Lima, Peru, killing three of the 15 people on board.
April
- Six Soviet and two American airmen rescue the crew of the Soviet commercial icebreaker Chelyuskin from the ice of the Chukchi Sea, where the ship had sunk on February 13.
- Flying the Avro 618 Ten Faith in Australia, Australian aviator Charles Ulm carries the first official air mail from Australia to New Zealand. He had flown the first air mail in the opposite direction in February.
- American Airways changes its name to American Airlines.
May
- May 1 – During United States Navy tests of an instrument flying system, Lieutenant Frank Peak Akers takes off from Naval Air Station Anacostia in Washington, D.C., in a Berliner-Joyce OJ-2 with a hooded cockpit and flies "blind" to College Park, Maryland.
- May 7 – U.S. Army Air Corps delivery of U.S. Air Mail comes to an end. During the 78 days of delivering air mail, 12 Army air crew have died in 66 accidents. The losses convince U.S. Army officials of the need to train their pilots in flying at night and in bad weather.
- May 19 – In the Soviet Union, the largest heavier-than-air aircraft built anywhere in the 1930s, the Andrei Tupolev-designed ANT-20 Maksim Gorki, makes its first flight. It has a wingspan of and a takeoff weight of .
- May 28 – French Couzinet 71 flying boats begin the first regular air mail service across the South Atlantic Ocean.
- June 9 – Flying in fog and thunderstorms during a scheduled flight from Newark Metropolitan Airport in Newark, New Jersey, to Chicago, the American Airways Curtiss T-32 Condor II NC12354 crashes into Last Chance Hill in the Catskill Mountains in New York at an altitude of , killing all seven people on board.
- June 11 – During a flight from Santiago, Chile, to Buenos Aires, Argentina, the Pan American-Grace Airways (Panagra) Ford 5-AT-C Trimotor NC8417 crashes into Argentina's Mar Chiquita Lake during a heavy rainstorm, killing six of the ten people on board.
- June 12 – In the United States, the Air Mail Act of 1934 closely regulates the contracting of air mail services and prohibits aircraft manufacturers from owning airlines.
- June 23 – The U.S. Army takes delivery of its first six Link Trainers, giving birth to the flight simulator industry.
- June 24 – Airplane designer and racer Jimmie Wedell and his passenger die when the de Havilland Gypsy Moth he is piloting crashes at Patterson, Louisiana.
- June 26 – The initial flight of the Focke-Wulf Fw 61, the first practical helicopter, takes place.
- June 29–30 – Brothers Benjamin and Joseph Adamowicz, amateur pilots, fly across the Atlantic Ocean.
July
- Flying the Avro 618 Ten Faith in Australia, Australian aviator Charles Ulm carries the first official air mail from Australia to Papua New Guinea and return.
- July 27 – During a flight from Zurich-Dübendorf Airport in Switzerland to Stuttgart Airport in Stuttgart, Germany, the Swissair Curtiss T-32 Condor II CH-170 encounters severe turbulence and loses a wing in flight at an altitude of . It crashes in a forest near Wurmlingen in Tuttlingen, Germany, and burns, killing all 12 people on board, including the first European female flight attendant Nelly Diener. It is the deadliest civil aviation accident of 1934.
August
- The first National Air Meet for Women takes place at Dayton, Ohio. During a 50-mile (80-km) individual race, aviation record-holder Frances Marsalis dies in a crash at age 29.
- The Italian Fascist government merges the airlines Società Aerea Mediterranea (SAM), Società Anonima Navigazione Aerea (SANA), Società Italiana Servizi Aerei (SISA), and Aero Espresso Italiana (AEI) to create the new airline Ala Littoria as the national airline of Italy.
- August 8–9 – James Ayling and Len Reid make the first non-stop flight from Canada to England, in a de Havilland DH84, taking 30 hours 50 minutes for the flight.
- August 28-September 16 – The fourth and last International Tourist Aircraft Contest Challenge International de Tourisme 1934 takes place in Warsaw, Poland. The Polish crew of Jerzy Bajan on the RWD-9 plane wins.
September
- Australian aviator Charles Ulm founds Great Pacific Airways, with which he plans to establish a San Francisco-to-Sydney air service.
- September 5 – While undergoing inflation with hydrogen gas in Moscow's Kuntsevo District for a planned September 24 ascent to set a new human fight altitude record, the Soviet balloon USSR-2 is destroyed by a fire ignited by a stray spark. The accident prompts the Soviet Union's People's Commissar of Defense, Kliment Voroshilov, to suspend the Soviet Union's high-altitude manned balloon program.
- September 7–16 – As part of Challenge International de Tourisme 1934, a race takes place over Europe and North Africa, concluding with a maximum speed trial over a triangular course on September 16.
- September 14 – The airline Aeronaves de México begins flight operations. Its first flight is from Mexico City to Acapulco, Mexico, using a Stinson SR Reliant. The airline will change its name to Aeroméxico in February 1972.
- September 22
- Sir Alan Cobham sets out in an Airspeed Courier in a failed attempt to fly non-stop from England to India.
- Shortly after takeoff from Heston Airport in Hounslow, England, the Handley Page W.10 airliner G-EBMM, operated by National Aviation Displays, suffers a structural failure and crashes at Aston Clinton, killing all four people on board.
- September 29 – A London, Scottish & Provincial Airways Airspeed Courier crashes at Timberden Bottom, Shoreham, Kent, in the United Kingdom, killing all four people on board. Flying debris injures two people on the ground.
October
- The Japan Aeroplane Company Ltd. is founded, with plants at Yokohama and Yamagata, Japan.
- The Government of the Philippines passes an act to regulate foreign aircraft operations in the Philippines and to require a franchise from the Philippine government in order to operate an air service in the Philippines.
- October 2 – A Hillman's Airways de Havilland DH.89A Dragon Rapide crashes into the English Channel off Folkestone, Kent, England, in poor visibility, killing all seven people on board.
- October 8 – Inter-Island Airways makes the first interisland air mail flight in the Hawaiian Islands under a United States Post Office contract.
- October 14 – National Airlines begins operations, using two second-hand Ryan ST monoplanes to fly a mail contract service in Florida between St. Petersburg and Daytona Beach with stops at Tampa, Lakeland, and Orlando.
- October 19 – The Holyman's Airways de Havilland DH.86 Express airliner Miss Hobart (registration VH-URN) crashes in the Bass Strait during a domestic flight in Australia from Melbourne, Victoria, to Launceston, Tasmania, killing all 11 people on board. Miss Hobart had just flown the new airline's first flight three weeks earlier, and one of its founders, Captain Victor Holyman, is among the dead.
- October 20-November 3 - Sir Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first eastward crossing of the Pacific Ocean, from Brisbane, Australia to San Francisco, in the Lockheed Altair Lady Southern Cross. The Hawaii-to-San Francisco leg of his crossing on November 3 is the first eastward flight from Hawaii to North America.
- November 15 – During a domestic flight in Australia from Longreach Airport, Queensland, to Archerfield Airport in Archerfield, Queensland – the final leg of its delivery flight from England to Australia – the Qantas de Havilland DH.86 Express VH-USG suffers an in-flight loss of control and crashes at Ilfracombe, killing all four people on board.
- November 30 – The record-setting French aviator Hélène Boucher dies when the Renault Viva Grand Sport she is piloting on a test flight crashes into the woods at Guyancourt, France.
December
- December 3 – While Australian aviator Charles Ulm and his two-man crew are flying from Oakland, California, to Hawaii in the Airspeed Envoy Stella Australis (VH-UXY) to test the San Francisco-to-Sydney route Ulm plans to establish for his company Great Pacific Airways, they send a series of messages in Morse code to Hawaii over the course of five hours reporting that they are lost and running low on fuel. They then disappear without trace near Hawaii.
- December 20
- During a flight from Almaza Airport outside Cairo, Egypt, to Baghdad, Iraq – one leg of a Christmas mail-and-passenger flight from Schiphol Airport in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, to Batavia in the Netherlands East Indies which prior to Cairo had made stops in Marseille, France; Rome, Italy; and Athens, Greece – the KLM Royal Dutch Airlines Douglas DC-2-115A Uiver (registration PH-AJU) crashes near Rutbah Wells, Iraq, during a rainstorm and bursts into flames, killing all seven people on board.
- United States Coast Guard Lieutenant Richard L. Burke sets a world seaplane speed record of over a 3-kilometer (1.8-statute mile) test course flying a Grumman JF-2 Duck.
- c. December 29 – An American Airlines Curtiss T-32 Condor II crashes in the Adirondack Mountains; all four on board survive.
- December 31 – Helen Richey becomes the first woman to pilot a regular civil flight, taking a Central Airlines Ford Trimotor on the Washington, D.C. to Detroit route; however, she gets few subsequent flights.
First flights
- Aichi D1A
- Avro 641 Commodore
- Avro 642 Eighteen
- Bellanca 77-140
- Farman F.271
- Farman F.400
- Farman F.430
- Granville Gee Bee R-6
- Miles Hawk Major
- Nakajima Ki-8
- Nakajima Ki-11
- Piaggio P.16
- Westland F.7/30/PV.4
- Early 1934 – Arado Ar 68
- Summer 1934 – Henschel Hs 125
January
- January 4 – Henschel Hs 121
- January 7 – Curtiss XF13C-1
- January 14 – de Havilland DH.86 Express
- January 16 – Northrop XFT-1
- January 20 – Boeing XP-940/P-29
- January 23 – Berliner-Joyce XF3J-1
- January 30 – Junkers Ju 160
February
- Gotha Go 145
- Kawasaki Ki-5
- 19 February - Supermarine Type 224
- 22 February - Fairey S.9/30
March
- Nakajima E8N
- Saro London
- March 30 - Potez 58
- March 30 - Sikorsky S-42
April
- Curtiss SOC
- Mitsubishi Ka-9, forerunner of the Ka-15 prototype for the Mitsubishi G3M
- April 17
- de Havilland DH.89 Dragon Rapide
- Fairey Swordfish
- April 27 – Stinson Model A
- April 28 – Hamburger Flugzeugbau Ha 135
May
- Nakajima Ki-4
- May 9 - de Havilland DH.87 Hornet Moth
- May 11 - Douglas DC-2
- May 19 - Tupolev ANT-20 Maksim Gorky
June
- June 12
- Bristol Type 123
- June 18
- Farman F.420
- Potez 56
- June 26 – Airspeed Envoy
July
- July 27 - Supermarine Stranraer
August
- Mitsubishi B4M
- PZL.23 Karas
- August 1 - Amiot 143
- August 14 - Dewoitine D.510
September
- September 1
- Bellanca 28-70
- Polikarpov I-17
- September 7 – Hawker Hardy
- September 8 – de Havilland DH.88 Comet
- September 12
- Gloster Gladiator
- Hawker Hind
- September 28 – Savoia-Marchetti SM.79 Sparviero
October
- Caudron Simoun C620
- October 7 - Tupolev ANT-40RT, forerunner to the Tupolev SB
- October 12 – Miles M.3 Falcon
- October 15 - Grumman XF3F-1
- October 31 – Fairchild Super 71
November
- November 4 – Junkers Ju 86
- November 16 – Savoia-Marchetti S.74
- November 23
- Bloch MB.210
- Dornier Do 17
December
- Aichi E10A
- December 12 - Aero A.101
- December 30 - Martin M-130
Entered service
- Avro 671 Rota with the Royal Air Force
- Beriev MBR-2 with Soviet Naval Aviation (NATO reporting name "Mote")
- Beriev MP-1 in airliner service
- Cierva C.30
- Latécoère 290 with two squadrons of French Naval Aviation
- Polikarpov I-15 with the Soviet Air Force
- Potez 39 with the French Air Force
- PZL P.11a with the Polish Air Force
- PZL P.11b with the Romanian Air Force
January
- Consolidated P-30 (later PB-2) with the United States Army Air Corps
April
- April 6 – Avro 642 Eighteen with Midland & Scottish Air Ferries Ltd
May
- Couzinet 71 with Aéropostale
- Grumman JF Duck with the United States Navy at Naval Air Station Norfolk, Virginia
- Polikarpov I-16 with the Soviet Air Force
- May 18 – Douglas DC-2 with Transcontinental and Western Air
- May 24 – Avro 641 Commodore with private owner
November
- November 25 – Potez 540 with the French Air Force
Retirements
- Avro 654, formerly the Avro 627 Mailplane
- Boeing 80 by United Airlines
January
- Handley Page Hyderabad by the Royal Air Force's No. 503 Squadron
December
- Cierva C.24