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The 1934 Atlantic hurricane season produced thirteen tropical storms, of which seven further organized into hurricanes. Of those seven hurricanes, only one intensified into a major hurricane, which is a Category 3 or stronger system on the modern-day Saffir–Simpson scale. The first system developed on June 4 while the last storm dissipated on November 30. In 2012, as part of the Atlantic hurricane reanalysis project, meteorologists identified two previously unknown September tropical storms and fine-tuned the meteorological histories of many others. However, given scant observations from ships and weather stations, significant uncertainty of tropical cyclone tracks, intensity, and duration remains, particularly for those storms that stayed at sea.
In the United States, the 1934 hurricane season was significantly less destructive than the preceding year. Forecasters credited this feat to the Weather Bureau's advanced warning to persons in the path of advancing hurricanes. In Central America, however, the season's first hurricane wrought catastrophic rainfall resulting in an enormous loss of life, estimated somewhere between 1,000 and 3,000 people. The storm continued into the United States, killing 10 people and causing about $4.4 million in damage. In July, a hurricane struck Texas, spawning tornadoes and generating storm surge, killing 19 people; damage was estimated around $4.5 million. In late August and early September, another hurricane meandered offshore Texas while a weak tropical storm struck North Carolina, each causing minor damage. Shortly thereafter, a hurricane curved up the U.S. East Coast, resulting in 8 fatalities and widespread impacts. A weak tropical storm affected the U.S. Gulf Coast in early October, and the season's only major hurricane meandered across the southwestern Atlantic at the end of November.
The season's total activity was reflected with an accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) rating of 48, well below the 1931–1943 average of 91.2. ACE is a metric used to express the energy used by a tropical cyclone during its lifetime. Therefore, a storm with a longer duration will have high values of ACE. It is only calculated at six-hour increments in which specific tropical and subtropical systems are either at or above sustained wind speeds of , which is the threshold for tropical storm intensity. Thus, tropical depressions are not included here.
The cyclone proved to be catastrophic across El Salvador and western Honduras, where rainfall up to caused widespread flooding and one of the largest death tolls in the history of the Atlantic basin. Press reports indicated the number of fatalities ranged from 1,000 to 3,000, including 500 in the town of Ocotepeque alone. There, all structures but the town's church were reportedly demolished. It brought winds up to in Morgan City, Louisiana, Rainfall totaled to in Lafayette; that city and Franklin, Melville, and Abbeville recorded daily rainfall records. Squalls from the system killed four people and injured many others in Mississippi, while heavy rainfall caused the Pearl River to exceed flood stage. Record rainfall during June in Tennessee, accumulating to in a matter of hours in Cedar Hill, caused about $250,000 in damage across the state. A small tornado struck north of Joelton and resulted in an additional $3,000 in damage. The extratropical remnants produced winds of in Atlantic City, New Jersey, and delivered needed rainfall throughout the region.
Hurricane Two
On July 10, a weak area of low pressure formed along a stationary front off the eastern coast of Florida. The disturbance gradually shed this frontal boundary and acquired a well-defined center, Along the coastline of Texas, high tides damaged waterfront homes in Nueces and Jefferson counties. San José Island observed a storm surge. More than 1,000 residents on the Bolivar Peninsula were cut off for 48 hours, and communications between more than a dozen towns were severed. Numerous levee breaches inundated areas around Freeport and Vealsco, where water levels rose to several feet accordingly. Daily rainfall records were set in Fowlerton and Falfurrias at , respectively. Crops suffered extensive damage through several coastal counties, particularly in Nueces County where the local cotton crop suffered a 75 percent loss; several other counties reported a 50 percent loss. Peak winds of were measured in Corpus Christi. A series of tornadoes occurred in communities throughout central Texas. Across the state, preliminary estimates included the destruction of 260 homes, with severe damage to an additional 400 houses. This reportedly encompassed all homes along the mouth of the San Bernard River, all structures between Freeport and the mouth of the Colorado River, and at least 75 percent of homes in Matagorda. with five to six hundred on the western end of Galveston Island alone.
Tropical Storm Four
A weak tropical storm,
Hurricane Five
A tropical storm formed in the central Gulf of Mexico around 06:00 UTC on August 26 from a stationary front or perhaps the remnants of the previous tropical cyclone. Tropical storm-force winds affected the Texas coastline from Port Arthur down to Matagorda Bay; peak winds of likely impacted areas between Freeport and Galveston as the storm made its closest approach. At the final landfall point, the tropical storm destroyed houses in the community of Soto la Marina, Tamaulipas.
Tropical Storm Six
In 2012, as part of the National Hurricane Center's reanalysis project, a new tropical cyclone was retroactively added to the season. A stationary front sagged across the western Atlantic in the final days of August. On September 1, an extratropical low developed as the front began to dissipate, Owing to heavy rainfall and tides up to , several streams were swollen; floodwaters washed away bridges and rendered several routes impassable.
Hurricane Seven
Although its origins are not conclusively known, a tropical storm is believed to have developed near the Bahamas around 06:00 UTC on September 5 from the remnants of a mid-level trough. Tropical storm-force winds also overspread much of the Mid-Atlantic states and New England, highest at in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Similar effects were felt across Maryland. In Baltimore, rushing water up to in depth stalled vehicles and displaced some nearly a block away. The cellars and first floors of homes were flooded, while underpasses and roads were deemed impassable. In one case near Ensor, a strip of asphalt was pushed upward several inches. Two buildings were electrically charged for unknown reasons during the storm, shocking one person before the structures were roped off. Throughout Annapolis, about 20 telephones were left out of commission, floodwaters entered cabins and restaurants, and trees and debris washed over roadways. Some rivers and streams throughout the western portion of the state overflowed their banks.
In Fair Haven, New Jersey, a 69-year-old man was killed after being electrocuted by a live wire downed by the storm. Along the coastline, the United States Coast Guard attempted search and rescue of the SS Morro Castle which caught fire and killed 137 people on board, but these efforts were limited by low visibility at least partly attributed to the storm. Three crewmen of the schooner Neshaminy died when it capsized off Brigantine. In New York, two seaman drowned and three others were rescued when their tugboat overturned in New York Bay. Further still, a man died after his sailboat overturned in rough seas near Northport, Long Island. Ten people on a fishing expedition were rescued on Long Beach after their attempt to anchor at sea failed. A short distance away in Hempstead Harbor, an inn was washed from its piles and demolished. At the Suffolk County Fairgrounds, an automobile building saw a large section of its sheet metal roof torn off. A number of exhibition tents were blown down. In Patchogue, a garage was flattened and several small signs were torn loose and damaged. Trees and power poles were toppled across the region, disrupting travel, causing damage to structures, and cutting power to entire communities such as Mattituck and Glen Cove. Throughout communities such as Hempstead Harbor, Sea Cliff, Peconic Bay, and Greenport, scores of boats or scows were ripped from their moorings, heavily damaged, displaced, or left in ruin; in Peconic Bay specifically, damage to nearly 50 boats amounted to $10,000. Docks likewise suffered substantial damage. A section of a cornice on the roof of a four-story warehouse was brought to the ground by the storm's winds. A stretch of the Port Washington Branch, but the heavy rainfall was also seen as beneficial to local crops. On Lake Ontario, a Canadian National Railway car ferry was unexpectedly hit by a large wave, severely damaging the ship and injuring 52 people.
Tropical Storm Eight
A tropical storm was first documented east of Barbados around 12:00 UTC on September 16. It alternated between a west-northwest and west motion for several days, narrowly missing the Leeward Islands and gradually strengthening to a peak intensity of . The system weakened to a tropical depression on September 21 and passed near the northern Bahamas before turning north and north-northeast. It dissipated after 12:00 UTC on September 23 off southeastern North Carolina while interacting with an approaching front.
Tropical Storm Nine
Another tropical cyclone discovered during reanalysis was found to have developed southeast of Cabo Verde around 00:00 UTC on September 18. It intensified into a tropical storm eighteen hours later while moving west-northwest through the islands. The cyclone maintained that motion for several days before turning north into the northeastern Atlantic. It reached peak winds of early on September 24 but transitioned into an extratropical cyclone around 00:00 UTC the next day. The post-tropical system merged with another low or dissipated after 06:00 UTC on September 25 to the northwest of the Azores. Heavy rainfall overspread the Southeast U.S. from Florida to Virginia, peaking at in Pensacola, Florida. Sustained winds reached in Pensacola. Higher winds of were recorded in New Orleans, Louisiana. Some bridges in Baldwin County, Alabama, were washed out by the rains.
Tropical Storm Twelve
A tropical depression formed south of Jamaica around 18:00 UTC on October 19 and moved northeast, intensifying to tropical storm intensity within six hours. The lumbering storm curved toward the northwest the next day, The storm accelerated northeast through the Bahamas as a tropical depression or minimal tropical storm. the Malacca too intercepted the storm and saw its decks flooded. The cyclone strengthened into a hurricane late on November 22 and became the season's only major hurricane, with winds of , the next afternoon. It gradually lost intensity and made landfall on the northern coast of the Dominican Republic with winds of at 16:00 UTC on November 28.