1924 United States Senate elections

The 1924 United States Senate elections were elections for the United States Senate which coincided with the election of Republican President Calvin Coolidge to a full term. The 32 seats of Class 2 were contested in regular elections, and special elections were held to fill vacancies. The strong economy and Coolidge's popularity helped Republican candidates increase their majority by three. Republicans would gain another seat through mid-term vacancies, bringing their seat share to 56–39–1.

Gains, losses, and holds

Retirements

Three Republicans and two Democrats retired instead of seeking re-election.

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"

! scope="col" |State

! scope="col" |Senator

! scope="col" |Replaced by

! Colorado (special)

| |

! Connecticut

| |

! Oklahoma

| |

! Rhode Island

| |

! West Virginia

| |

Defeats

Four Democrats, four Republicans, and one Farmer-Labor candidate sought re-election but lost in the primary or general election.

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"

! scope="col" |State

! scope="col" |Senator

! scope="col" |Replaced by

! Delaware

| |

! Illinois

| |

! Kentucky

| |

! Massachusetts

| |

! Minnesota

| |

! New Mexico

| |

! South Carolina

| |

! South Dakota

| |

! Tennessee

| |

Post-election changes

{| class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders"

! scope="col" |State

! scope="col" |Senator

! scope="col" |Replaced by

! Iowa (class 2)

| |

! Iowa (class 3)

| |

! Indiana

| |

! Maine

| |

! Missouri

| |

! Wisconsin

| |

Change in composition

Before the elections

At the beginning of 1924.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

| colspan=2 |  

| | D

| width=10% | D

| | D

| | D

| | FL

| | FL

| | R

| rowspan=2 | R

| colspan=9 align=right | Majority →

| | R

| | R

| | R

| | R

| | R

| | R

| colspan=2 |

| | R

Election results

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"

| colspan=2 |  

| | D

| width=10% | D

| | D

| | D

| | FL

| | R

| | R

| | R

| rowspan=2 | R

| colspan=9 align=right | Majority →

| | R

| | R

| | R

| | R

| colspan=2 |

| | R

|- valign=top

! Key

{| class=wikitable

| align=center | D

| Democratic

| align=center | FL

| Farmer–Labor

| align=center | R

| Republican

Race summaries

Special elections during the 68th Congress

In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1924 or before March 4, 1925; ordered by election date.

{| class=wikitable

|- valign=bottom

! rowspan=2 | State

! colspan=3 | Incumbent

! rowspan=2 | Results

! rowspan=2 | Candidates

! Senator

! Party

! Electoral history

! Colorado (Class 3)

| Alva B. Adams

| | Democratic

| 1923

| | Interim appointee retired to run for the Class 2 seat, see below. New senator elected November 4, 1924. Republican gain.

| nowrap |

! Michigan (Class 2)

| James Couzens

| | Republican

| 1922

| Interim appointee elected November 4, 1924.

| nowrap |

! Rhode Island (Class 2)

| LeBaron B. Colt

| | Republican

| 1913 1918

| | Incumbent died August 18, 1924. New senator elected November 4, 1924. Republican hold. Winner was also elected to the next term; see below.

| nowrap |

! Connecticut (Class 3)

| Frank B. Brandegee

| | Republican

| 1905 1909 1914 1920

| | Incumbent died October 14, 1924. New senator elected December 16, 1924. Republican hold.

| nowrap |

Elections leading to the 69th Congress

In these general elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1925; ordered by state.

All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats.

{| class=wikitable

|- valign=bottom

! rowspan=2 | State

! colspan=3 | Incumbent

! rowspan=2 | Results

! rowspan=2 | Candidates

! Senator

! Party

! Electoral history

! Alabama

| J. Tom Heflin

| | Democratic

| 1920

| Incumbent re-elected.

| nowrap |

! Arkansas

| Joseph T. Robinson

| | Democratic

| 1913 1918

| Incumbent re-elected.

| nowrap |

! Colorado

| Lawrence C. Phipps

| | Republican

| 1918

| Incumbent re-elected.

| nowrap |

! Delaware

| L. Heisler Ball

| | Republican

| 1903 1906 1918

| | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold.

| nowrap |

! Georgia

| William J. Harris

| | Democratic

| 1918

| Incumbent re-elected.

| nowrap |

! Idaho

| William Borah

| | Republican

| 1907 1913 1918

| Incumbent re-elected.

| nowrap |

! Illinois

| Medill McCormick

| | Republican

| 1918

| | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold. Incumbent then died and winner was appointed to finish the current term.

| nowrap |

! Iowa

| Smith W. Brookhart

| | Republican

| 1922

| Incumbent re-elected. Election was later successfully challenged after the new senator had been seated.

| nowrap |

! Kansas

| Arthur Capper

| | Republican

| 1918

| Incumbent re-elected.

| nowrap |

! Kentucky

| Augustus O. Stanley

| | Democratic

| 1918

| | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.

| nowrap |

! Louisiana

| Joseph E. Ransdell

| | Democratic

| 1912 1918

| Incumbent re-elected.

| nowrap |

! Maine

| Bert M. Fernald

| | Republican

| 1916 1918

| Incumbent re-elected.

| nowrap |

! Massachusetts

| David I. Walsh

| | Democratic

| 1918

| | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.

| nowrap |

! Michigan

| James Couzens

| | Republican

| 1918

| Incumbent re-elected.

| nowrap |

! Minnesota

| Magnus Johnson

| | Farmer–Labor

| 1923

| | Incumbent lost re-election. Republican gain.

| nowrap |

! Mississippi

| Pat Harrison

| | Democratic

| 1918

| Incumbent re-elected.

| nowrap |

! Montana

| Thomas J. Walsh

| | Democratic

| 1913 1918

| Incumbent re-elected.

| nowrap |

! Nebraska

| George W. Norris

| | Republican

| 1913 1918

| Incumbent re-elected.

| nowrap |

! New Hampshire

| Henry W. Keyes

| | Republican

| 1918

| Incumbent re-elected.

| nowrap |

! New Jersey

| Walter E. Edge

| | Republican

| 1918

| Incumbent re-elected.

| nowrap |

! New Mexico

| Holm O. Bursum

| | Republican

| 1921 1921

| | Incumbent lost re-election. Democratic gain.

| nowrap |

! North Carolina

| F. M. Simmons

| | Democratic

| 1901 1907 1913 1918

| Incumbent re-elected.

| nowrap |

! Oklahoma

| Robert L. Owen

| | Democratic

| 1907 1913 1918

| | Incumbent retired. Republican gain.

| nowrap |

! Oregon

| Charles L. McNary

| | Republican

| 1917 1918 1918 1918

| Incumbent re-elected.

| nowrap |

! Rhode Island

| LeBaron B. Colt

| | Republican

| 1913 1918

| | Incumbent died August 18, 1924. New senator elected. Republican hold. Winner was also elected to finish the current term; see above.

| nowrap |

! South Carolina

| Nathaniel B. Dial

| | Democratic

| 1918

| | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold.

| nowrap |

! South Dakota

| Thomas Sterling

| | Republican

| 1913 1918

| | Incumbent lost renomination. Republican hold.

| nowrap |

! Tennessee

| John K. Shields

| | Democratic

| 1913 1918

| | Incumbent lost renomination. Democratic hold.

| nowrap |

! Texas

| Morris Sheppard

| | Democratic

| 1913 1913 1918

| Incumbent re-elected.

| nowrap |

! Virginia

| Carter Glass

| | Democratic

| 1920 1920

| Incumbent re-elected.

| nowrap |

! West Virginia

| Davis Elkins

| | Republican

| 1911 1911 1918

| | Incumbent retired. Republican hold.

| nowrap |

! Wyoming

| Francis E. Warren

| | Republican

| 1895 1901 1907 1913 1918

| Incumbent re-elected.

| nowrap |

Closest races

Eight races had a margin of victory under 10%:

{| class="wikitable sortable"

! State

! Party of winner

! Margin

! Iowa

| data-sort-value=-0.5 | Republican

| 0.1%

! Minnesota

| data-sort-value=-0.5 | Republican (flip)

| 1.0%

! Massachusetts

| data-sort-value=-0.5 | Republican (flip)

| 1.7%

! New Mexico

| data-sort-value=-0.5 | Democratic (flip)

| 2.5%

! Kentucky

| data-sort-value=-0.5 | Republican (flip)

| 3.12%

! West Virginia

| data-sort-value=-0.5 | Republican

| 3.2%

! Colorado (regular)

| data-sort-value=-0.5 | Republican

| 6.3%

! Colorado (special)

| data-sort-value=-0.5 | Republican (flip)

| 6.5%

The tipping point state was Wyoming, with a margin of 10.4%.