The 1918 United States House of Representatives elections were elections for the United States House of Representatives to elect members to serve in the 66th United States Congress. They were held for the most part on November 5, 1918, while Maine held theirs on September 9. They occurred in the middle of President Woodrow Wilson's second term.
With the country in World War I (contrary to previous promises by Wilson), and Wilson's personal popularity ebbing, the Republicans gained 25 seats and took over control of the House from Wilson's Democrats. Internal divide among Democratic leadership over aspects related to payment of the war also decreased the unity of the party, which had been the organization's strength during the decade. The Progressive Party also disappeared, with its former members generally becoming Democrats. Minnesota's Farmer–Labor Party, a descendant of populism, also gained its very first seat.
Frederick H. Gillett (R-Massachusetts) became Speaker, and previous speaker Champ Clark (D-Missouri) became Minority Leader.
Background
Woodrow Wilson was elected to the presidency in the 1912 presidential election and his victory in the 1916 election made him the first Democratic president to win reelection since Andrew Jackson had in the 1832 election.
Wilson's wheat policies aided in the Democratic defeat. The Food and Fuel Control Act allowed for the cost of wheat to be set at a price control limit of $2.20 per bushel while other products like cotton were not. Wilson later vetoed an attempt by the Republicans to increase the limit to $2.40 per bushel. Republicans were more likely to gain seats in areas with higher amounts of wheat acreage with the Republicans gaining twenty-two seats in the ten highest wheat producing states while the Democrats only gained two seats.
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!
| John H. Capstick
| | Republican
| 1914
| | Incumbent died March 17, 1918.<br/>Successor was <!--elected-->elected November 5, 1918.<br/>Republican hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Ellsworth Raymond Bathrick
| | Democratic
| 1916
| | Incumbent died December 23, 1917.<br/>New member elected November 5, 1918.<br/>Democratic hold.<br/>Winner was elected to the next term; see below.<br/>Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| James H. Davidson
| | Republican
| 1896<br/>1912 <br/>1916
| | Incumbent died August 6, 1918.<br/>Successor was <!--elected-->elected November 5, 1918.<br/>Republican hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Irvine Lenroot
| | Republican
| 1908
| | Incumbent resigned April 17, 1918, after being elected to the U.S. Senate.<br/>Successor was <!--elected-->elected November 5, 1918.<br/>Republican hold.
| nowrap |
|}
Alabama
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|-
!
| Oscar Lee Gray
| | Democratic
| 1914
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| S. Hubert Dent Jr.
| | Democratic
| 1908
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Henry B. Steagall
| | Democratic
| 1914
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Fred L. Blackmon
| | Democratic
| 1910
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| J. Thomas Heflin
| | Democratic
| 1904
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William B. Oliver
| | Democratic
| 1914
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John L. Burnett
| | Democratic
| 1898
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Edward B. Almon
| | Democratic
| 1914
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| George Huddleston
| | Democratic
| 1914
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William B. Bankhead
| | Democratic
| 1916
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
Arizona
thumb|250px|Results by county<br/>Hayden:
|-
!
| Benjamin C. Hilliard
| | Democratic
| 1914
| | Incumbent lost re-election as an Independent.<br/>Republican gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Charles B. Timberlake
| | Republican
| 1914
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Edward Keating
| | Democratic
| 1912
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Republican gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Edward T. Taylor
| | Democratic
| 1908
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
Connecticut
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| nowrap |
|-
| | Election successfully contested.<br>Incumbent re-seated February 25, 1921.<br>Republican hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Thomas W. Templeton
| | Republican
| 1916
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Robert D. Heaton
| | Republican
| 1914
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Republican hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Arthur G. Dewalt
| | Democratic
| 1914
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Louis T. McFadden
| | Republican
| 1914
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Edgar R. Kiess
| | Republican
| 1912
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John V. Lesher
| | Democratic
| 1912
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Benjamin K. Focht
| | Republican
| 1914
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Aaron S. Kreider
| | Republican
| 1912
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John M. Rose
| | Republican
| 1916
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Andrew R. Brodbeck
| | Democratic
| 1916
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Republican gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Charles H. Rowland
| | Republican
| 1914
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Republican hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Edward E. Robbins
| | Republican
| 1916
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Bruce F. Sterling
| | Democratic
| 1916
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Republican gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Henry W. Temple
| | Republican
| 1912
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Henry Alden Clark
| | Republican
| 1916
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Republican hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Henry J. Steele
| | Democratic
| 1914
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Nathan L. Strong
| | Republican
| 1916
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Earl H. Beshlin
| | Democratic
| 1917
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Republican gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Stephen G. Porter
| | Republican
| 1910
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| M. Clyde Kelly
| | Progressive
| 1916
| | Incumbent re-elected as a Republican.<br/>Republican gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John M. Morin
| | Republican
| 1912
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Guy E. Campbell
| | Democratic
| 1916
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
! rowspan=4 |
| John R. K. Scott
| | Republican
| 1914
| | Incumbent resigned January 5, 1919<br/>Republican hold.
| rowspan=4 nowrap |
|-
| Thomas S. Crago
| | Republican
| 1914
| Incumbent re-elected.
|-
| Joseph McLaughlin
| | Republican
| 1916
| | Incumbent lost renomination.<br/>Republican hold.
|-
| Mahlon M. Garland
| | Republican
| 1914
| Incumbent re-elected.
|}
Rhode Island
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|-
!
| Henry Allen Cooper
| | Republican
| 1892
| | Incumbent lost re-election as an Independent.<br/>Republican hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Edward Voigt
| | Republican
| 1916
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John M. Nelson
| | Republican
| 1906
| | Incumbent lost renomination.<br/>Republican hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William J. Cary
| | Republican
| 1906
| | Incumbent lost renomination.<br/>Republican hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William H. Stafford
| | Republican
| 1912
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Socialist gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| James H. Davidson
| | Republican
| 1916
| | Incumbent died August 6, 1918<br/>Republican hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John J. Esch
| | Republican
| 1898
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Edward E. Browne
| | Republican
| 1912
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| David G. Classon
| | Republican
| 1916
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| James A. Frear
| | Republican
| 1912
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Irvine Lenroot
| | Republican
| 1908
| | Incumbent resigned when elected U.S. Senator.<br/>Republican hold.
| nowrap |
|}
Wyoming
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