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Below are notable events in archaeology that occurred in 1891.
Explorations
- Brahmagiri first explored by Benjamin L. Rice.
Excavations
- Peabody Museum (Harvard) - Harvard University project at Copan begins.
- Flinders Petrie works on the temple of Aten at Tell-el-Amarna, discovering a New Kingdom painted pavement.
- J. Theodore Bent works at Great Zimbabwe.
Finds
- May 28 - Gundestrup cauldron, found in Himmerland, Denmark.
Paleontology
- October - Eugène Dubois finds the first fragmentary bones of Pithecanthropus erectus (later redesignated Homo erectus), or 'Java Man', at Trinil on the Solo River.
- The Saqqara Bird.
Publications
- Coins of Ancient India by Sir Alexander Cunningham.
- Dorset Ooser first published.