The 1890 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 4, 1890, with five states holding theirs early in between June and October. They occurred in the middle of President Benjamin Harrison's term. Elections were held for 332 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 44 states, to serve in the 52nd United States Congress. Special elections were also held throughout the year.
A stagnant economy which became worse after the Panic of 1890, combined with a lack of support for then-Representative William McKinley's (defeated in the election) steep tariff act, which favored large industries at the expense of consumers, led to a sharp defeat for Harrison's Republican Party, giving a large majority to the Democratic Party and presaging Harrison's defeat in the 1892 United States presidential election. The Republican-controlled Congress was highly criticized for its lavish spending, and it earned the unflattering nickname of The Billion Dollar Congress. The Democrats promised to cut the outlandish budget.
Aggressive Republican promotion of controversial English-only education laws enacted by Wisconsin and Illinois in 1889, accompanied by a surge in nativist and anti-Catholic sentiment within the state parties, had greatly hollowed out the party's support base in these former strongholds. A rare multi-confessional alliance of mainly German clergy rallied their flocks in defense of language and faith to the Democratic Party, which tore through incumbent Republican majorities in both states, capturing a total of 11 formerly Republican seats between them alone. Bitterly divisive struggles over temperance laws had also been alienating immigrants from the increasingly prohibitionist Republican Party across the Midwest more broadly. Dramatic losses in the previous year's gubernatorial elections in Iowa and Ohio (which would lose another 14 Republican congressional seats between them during this election) were due in no small part to wet immigrant communities, especially Germans, expressing their resentment toward Republican efforts to ban or otherwise curtail alcohol consumption by throwing their support behind the Democratic candidates.
This election also saw the Populist Party, a coalition of farmers and laborers who wanted to overhaul the nation's financial system, make a small mark on Congress.
Special elections
- : June 21, 1890: William W. Dickerson (D) elected to finish the term of John G. Carlisle (D), who had resigned May 26, 1890 when elected U.S. senator. Democratic hold. Dickerson: 8,412 (63.95%), Wesley M. Rardin (R) 4,742 (36.05%).
- : December 9, 1890: Thomas J. Geary (D) elected to finish the term of John J. De Haven (R), who had resigned October 1, 1890. Democratic gain.
- : James P. Walker (D) died July 19, 1890, and Robert H. Whitelaw (D) was elected November 4, 1890. Democratic hold.
Election summaries
{| style="width:70%; text-align:center;"
|+ ↓
|- style="color:white;"
| style="background:blue; width:71.69%;" | 238
| style="background:lightgreen; width:2.41%;" | 8
| style="background:red; width:25.90%;" | 86
|-
| <span style="color:blue;">Democratic</span>
| <span style="color:lightgreen;">P</span>
| <span style="color:red;">Republican</span>
|}
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|- valign=bottom
! rowspan=2 | State
! rowspan=2 | Type
! rowspan=2 | Total<br/>seats
! colspan=2 | Democratic
! colspan=2 | Populist
! colspan=2 | Republican
|- class=small
! | Seats
! | Change
! | Seats
! | Change
! | Seats
! | Change
|-
! Alabama
| District
| 8
| | 8
| data-sort-value=+1 | 1
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=-1 | 1
|-
! Arkansas
| District
| 5
| | 5
| data-sort-value=+2 | 2
| | 0
| data-sort-value=-1 | 1
| | 0
| data-sort-value=-1 | 1
|-
! California
| District
| 6
| | 2
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 4
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Colorado
| At-large
| 1
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 1
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Connecticut
| District
| 4
| | 3
| data-sort-value=+2 | 2
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 1
| data-sort-value=-2 | 2
|-
! Delaware
| At-large
| 1
| | 1
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Florida
| District
| 2
| | 2
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Georgia
| District
| 10
| | 10
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Idaho
| At-large
| 1
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 1
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Illinois
| District
| 20
| | 14
| data-sort-value=+7 | 7
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 6
| data-sort-value=-7 | 7
|-
! Indiana
| District
| 13
| | 11
| data-sort-value=+1 | 1
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 2
| data-sort-value=-1 | 1
|-
! Iowa
| District
| 11
| | 6
| data-sort-value=+5 | 5
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 5
| data-sort-value=-5 | 5
|-
! Kansas
| District
| 7
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 5
| data-sort-value=+5 | 5
| | 2
| data-sort-value=-5 | 5
|-
! Kentucky
| District
| 11
| | 10
| data-sort-value=+1 | 1
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 1
| data-sort-value=-1 | 1
|-
! Louisiana
| District
| 6
| | 6
| data-sort-value=+1 | 1
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=-1 | 1
|-
! Maine
| District
| 4
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 4
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Maryland
| District
| 6
| | 6
| data-sort-value=+3 | 3
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=-3 | 3
|-
! Massachusetts
| District
| 12
| | 7
| data-sort-value=+5 | 5
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 5
| data-sort-value=-5 | 5
|-
! Michigan
| District
| 11
| | 8
| data-sort-value=+6 | 6
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 3
| data-sort-value=-6 | 6
|-
! Minnesota
| District
| 5
| | 3
| data-sort-value=+3 | 3
| | 1
| data-sort-value=+1 | 1
| | 1
| data-sort-value=-4 | 4
|-
! Mississippi
| District
| 7
| | 7
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Missouri
| District
| 14
| | 14
| data-sort-value=+4 | 4
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=-4 | 4
|-
! Montana
| At-large
| 1
| | 1
| data-sort-value=+1 | 1
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=-1 | 1
|-
! Nebraska
| District
| 3
| | 1
| data-sort-value=+1 | 1
| | 2
| data-sort-value=+2 | 2
| | 0
| data-sort-value=-3 | 3
|-
! Nevada
| At-large
| 1
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 1
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! New Hampshire
| District
| 2
| | 2
| data-sort-value=+2 | 2
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=-2 | 2
|-
! New Jersey
| District
| 7
| | 5
| data-sort-value=+2 | 2
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 2
| data-sort-value=-2 | 2
|-
! New York
| District
| 34
| | 23
| data-sort-value=+8 | 8
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 11
| data-sort-value=-8 | 8
|-
! North Carolina
| District
| 9
| | 8
| data-sort-value=+2 | 2
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 1
| data-sort-value=-2 | 2
|-
! North Dakota
| At-large
| 1
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 1
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Ohio
| District
| 21
| | 14
| data-sort-value=+9 | 9
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 7
| data-sort-value=-9 | 9
|-
! Oregon
| At-large
| 1
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 1
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Pennsylvania
| District
| 28
| | 11
| data-sort-value=+4 | 4
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 17
| data-sort-value=-4 | 4
|-
! Rhode Island
| District
| 2
| | 2
| data-sort-value=+2 | 2
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=-2 | 2
|-
! South Carolina
| District
| 7
| | 7
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! South Dakota
| At-large
| 2
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 2
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Tennessee
| District
| 10
| | 8
| data-sort-value=+1 | 1
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 2
| data-sort-value=-1 | 1
|-
! Texas
| District
| 11
| | 11
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Vermont
| District
| 2
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 2
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Virginia
| District
| 10
| | 10
| data-sort-value=+4 | 4
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=-4 | 4
|-
! Washington
| At-large
| 1
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 1
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! West Virginia
| District
| 4
| | 4
| data-sort-value=+2 | 2
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=-2 | 2
|-
! Wisconsin
| District
| 9
| | 8
| data-sort-value=+6 | 6
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 1
| data-sort-value=-6 | 6
|-
! Wyoming
| At-large
| 1
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 1
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! colspan=2 | Total
! 332
! | 238<br/>
! data-sort-value=+74 | 74
! | 8<br/>
! data-sort-value=+9 | 9
! | 86<br/>
! data-sort-value=-83 | 83
|}
The previous election of 1888 saw the election of one Labor Party representative in Arkansas.
{|
|-
| [[File:52 us house membership.png|thumb|500px|
{| width="100%"
! colspan=3 align="center" | House seats by party holding plurality in state
|-
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|} ]]
|-
| [[File:52 us house changes.png|thumb|500px|
{| width="100%"
! colspan=3 align="center" | Net gain in party representation
|-
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| colspan=3 align="center" |
|} ]]
|}
Early election dates
In 1890, five states, with 9 seats among them, held elections early:
- June 3 Oregon
- September 2 Vermont
- September 8 Maine
- September 11 Idaho
- October 1 Wyoming
Idaho and Wyoming held elections for both the outgoing 51st Congress and the incoming 52nd Congress in 1890, having been admitted that year, and held future elections on the standard election day.
Alabama
<!---->
|-
!
| Richard H. Clarke
| | Democratic
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Hilary A. Herbert
| | Democratic
| 1876
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William C. Oates
| | Democratic
| 1880
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| J. V. McDuffie
| | Republican
| 1888
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| James E. Cobb
| | Democratic
| 1886
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John H. Bankhead
| | Democratic
| 1886
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William H. Forney
| | Democratic
| 1874
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Joseph Wheeler
| | Democratic
| 1880
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
Arkansas
<!---->
|-
!
| Lewis P. Featherstone
| | Labor
| 1888
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Clifton R. Breckinridge
| | Democratic
| 1882
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Thomas C. McRae
| | Democratic
| 1885
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John Henry Rogers
| | Democratic
| 1882
| | Incumbent retired.<br />Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Samuel W. Peel
| | Democratic
| 1882
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
California
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Incumbent resigned October 1, 1890.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Marion Biggs
| | Democratic
| 1886
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Joseph McKenna
| | Republican
| 1884
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William W. Morrow
| | Republican
| 1884
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Republican hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Thomas J. Clunie
| | Democratic
| 1888
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Republican gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William Vandever
| | Republican
| 1886
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Republican hold.
| nowrap |
|}
Colorado
<!---->
|-
!
| Hosea Townsend
| | Republican
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William E. Simonds
|
| 1888
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Washington F. Willcox
|
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Charles A. Russell
|
| 1886
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Frederick Miles
|
| 1888
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|}
Delaware
<!---->
|-
!
| John B. Penington
| | Democratic
| 1886
| | Incumbent retired.<br />Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Henry G. Turner
| | Democratic
| 1880
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Charles F. Crisp
| | Democratic
| 1882
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Thomas W. Grimes
| | Democratic
| 1886
| | <br />Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John D. Stewart
| | Democratic
| 1886
| | Incumbent lost renomination.<br />Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| James Henderson Blount
| | Democratic
| 1872
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Judson C. Clements
| | Democratic
| 1880
| | Incumbent lost renomination.<br />Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Henry H. Carlton
| | Democratic
| 1886
| | <br />Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Allen D. Candler
| | Democratic
| 1882
| | Incumbent did not seek re-election.<br />Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| George Barnes
| | Democratic
| 1884
| | Incumbent lost renomination.<br />Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|}
Idaho
<!---->
[[File:1890 Idaho Representative election results.svg|thumb|200px|Results by county:
]]
There were two elections to the new state of Idaho.
51st Congress
|-
!
| colspan=3 | New district
| | New seat.<br/>Republican gain.
| nowrap |
|}
52nd Congress
|-
!
| Willis Sweet
| | Republican
| 1890
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
Illinois
<!---->
|-
!
| Abner Taylor
| | Republican
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Frank Lawler
| | Democratic
| 1884
| | <br />Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William E. Mason
| | Republican
| 1886
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| George E. Adams
| | Republican
| 1882
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Albert J. Hopkins
| | Republican
| 1885
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Robert R. Hitt
| | Republican
| 1882
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Thomas J. Henderson
| | Republican
| 1874
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Charles A. Hill
| | Republican
| 1888
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Lewis E. Payson
| | Republican
| 1880
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Philip S. Post
| | Republican
| 1886
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William H. Gest
| | Republican
| 1886
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Scott Wike
| | Democratic
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William McKendree Springer
| | Democratic
| 1874
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Jonathan H. Rowell
| | Republican
| 1882
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Joseph Gurney Cannon
| | Republican
| 1872
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| George W. Fithian
| | Democratic
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Edward Lane
| | Democratic
| 1886
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William S. Forman
| | Democratic
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| James R. Williams
| | Democratic
| 1889
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| George Washington Smith
| | Republican
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
Indiana
<!---->
|-
!
| William F. Parrett
| | Democratic
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John H. O'Neall
| | Democratic
| 1886
| | Incumbent retired.<br />Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Jason B. Brown
| | Democratic
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William S. Holman
| | Democratic
| 1880
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| George W. Cooper
| | Democratic
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Thomas M. Browne
| | Republican
| 1876
| | Incumbent retired.<br />Republican hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William D. Bynum
| | Democratic
| 1884
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Elijah V. Brookshire
| | Democratic
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Joseph B. Cheadle
| | Republican
| 1886
| | <br />Republican hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William D. Owen
| | Republican
| 1884
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Augustus N. Martin
| | Democratic
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Charles A. O. McClellan
| | Democratic
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Benjamin F. Shively
| | Democratic
| 1886
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
Iowa
<!---->
|-
!
| John H. Gear
| | Republican
| 1886
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Walter I. Hayes
| | Democratic
| 1886
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| David B. Henderson
| | Republican
| 1882
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Joseph Henry Sweney
| | Republican
| 1888
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Daniel Kerr
| | Republican
| 1886
| | Incumbent retired.<br />Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John F. Lacey
| | Republican
| 1888
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Edward R. Hays
| | Republican
| 1890
| | Incumbent retired.<br />Republican hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| James P. Flick
| | Republican
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Joseph Rea Reed
| | Republican
| 1888
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Jonathan P. Dolliver
| | Republican
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Isaac S. Struble
| | Republican
| 1882
| | <br />Republican hold.
| nowrap |
|}
Kansas
<!---->
|-
!
| Edmund N. Morrill
| | Republican
| 1882
| | Incumbent retired.<br />Republican hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Edward H. Funston
| | Republican
| 1884
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Bishop W. Perkins
| | Republican
| 1882
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Populist gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Harrison Kelley
| | Republican
| 1889
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Populist gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John Alexander Anderson
| | Republican
| 1878
| | Incumbent retired.<br />Populist gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Erastus J. Turner
| | Republican
| 1886
| | <br />Populist gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Samuel R. Peters
| | Republican
| 1882
| | <br />Populist gain.
| nowrap |
|}
Kentucky
<!---->
|-
!
| William Johnson Stone
| | Democratic
| 1884
|
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William T. Ellis
| | Democratic
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Isaac Goodnight
| | Democratic
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Alexander B. Montgomery
| | Democratic
| 1886
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Asher G. Caruth
| | Democratic
| 1886
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William W. Dickerson
| | Democratic
| 1890
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| W. C. P. Breckinridge
| | Democratic
| 1884
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| James B. McCreary
| | Democratic
| 1884
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Thomas H. Paynter
| | Democratic
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | None (New district)
| | New district.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
! rowspan=2 |
| John H. Wilson<br/>
| | Republican
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| rowspan=2 nowrap |
|-
| Hugh F. Finley
| | Republican
| 1886
| | Incumbent lost renomination<br />Republican loss.
|}
Louisiana
<!---->
|-
!
| Theodore S. Wilkinson
| | Democratic
| 1886
| | <br />Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Hamilton D. Coleman
| | Republican
| 1888
| | <br />Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Andrew Price
| | Democratic
| 1889
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Newton C. Blanchard
| | Democratic
| 1880
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Charles J. Boatner
| | Democratic
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Samuel M. Robertson
| | Democratic
| 1887
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
Maine
<!---->
|-
!
| Thomas B. Reed
| | Republican
| 1876
|Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Nelson Dingley Jr.
| | Republican
| 1881
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Seth L. Milliken
| | Republican
| 1882
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Charles A. Boutelle
| | Republican
| 1882
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
Maryland
<!---->
|-
!
| Charles H. Gibson
| | Democratic
| 1884
| | <br />Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Herman Stump
| | Democratic
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Harry W. Rusk
| | Democratic
| 1886
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Henry Stockbridge Jr.
| | Republican
| 1888
| |Incumbent did not seek re-election.<br>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Sydney E. Mudd I
| | Republican
| 1888
| |Incumbent lost re-election.<br>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Louis E. McComas
| | Republican
| 1882
| |Incumbent lost re-election.<br>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|}
Massachusetts
<!---->
|-
!
| Charles S. Randall
| | Republican
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Elijah A. Morse
| | Republican
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John F. Andrew
| | Democratic
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Joseph H. O'Neil
| | Democratic
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected
|
|-
!
| Nathaniel P. Banks
| | Republican
| 1888
| |Incumbent was not re-nominated.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Henry Cabot Lodge
| | Republican
| 1886
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William Cogswell
| | Republican
| 1886
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Frederic T. Greenhalge
| | Republican
| 1888
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John W. Candler
| | Republican
| 1888
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Joseph H. Walker
| | Republican
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Rodney Wallace
| | Republican
| 1888
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Francis W. Rockwell
| | Republican
| 1884
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|}
Michigan
<!---->
|-
!
| J. Logan Chipman
| | Democratic
| 1886
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Edward P. Allen
| | Republican
| 1886
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| James O'Donnell
| | Republican
| 1884
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Julius C. Burrows
| | Republican
| 1884
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Charles E. Belknap
| | Republican
| 1888
| | Incumbent retired.<br>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Mark S. Brewer
| | Republican
| 1886
| | Incumbent retired.<br>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Justin R. Whiting
| | Democratic
| 1886
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Aaron T. Bliss
| | Republican
| 1888
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Byron M. Cutcheon
| | Republican
| 1882
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Frank W. Wheeler
| | Republican
| 1888
| | Incumbent retired.<br>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Samuel M. Stephenson
| | Republican
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
Minnesota
<!---->
|-
!
|
|
| 1888
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
|
|
| 1886
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
|
|
| 1888
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
|
|
| 1888
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
|
|
| 1888
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Populist gain.
| nowrap |
|}
Mississippi
<!---->
|-
!
| John M. Allen
| | Democratic
| 1884
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| James B. Morgan
| | Democratic
| 1884
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Thomas C. Catchings
| | Democratic
| 1884
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Clarke Lewis
| | Democratic
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Chapman L. Anderson
| | Democratic
| 1886
| | Incumbent lost renomination.<br/>Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| T. R. Stockdale
| | Democratic
| 1886
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Charles E. Hooker
| | Democratic
| 1886
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
Missouri
<!---->
|-
!
| William H. Hatch
| | Democratic
| 1878
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Charles H. Mansur
| | Democratic
| 1886
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Alexander M. Dockery
| | Democratic
| 1882
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Robert P. C. Wilson
| | Democratic
| 1889
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John C. Tarsney
| | Democratic
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John T. Heard
| | Democratic
| 1884
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Richard H. Norton
| | Democratic
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Frederick G. Niedringhaus
| | Republican
| 1888
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Nathan Frank
| | Republican
| 1888
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William M. Kinsey
| | Republican
| 1888
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Richard P. Bland
| | Democratic
| 1872
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William J. Stone
| | Democratic
| 1884
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William H. Wade
| | Republican
| 1884
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Robert H. Whitelaw
| | Democratic
| 1890
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|}
|}
Nebraska
<!---->
thumb|Nebraska's results
|-
!
| William J. Connell
| | Republican
| 1888
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Gilbert L. Laws
| | Republican
| 1889 <small>(special)</small>
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Populist gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| George W. E. Dorsey
| | Republican
| 1884
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Populist gain.
| nowrap |
|}
Nevada
<!---->
|-
!
| Horace F. Bartine
| | Republican
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
|}
Ohio
<!---->
The Ohio Legislature redistricted the state between censuses. Coupled with other Democratic gains, this redistricting gave the Democrats a nine-seat net gain.
|-
!
| Benjamin Butterworth
| | Republican
| 1884
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Republican hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John A. Caldwell
| | Republican
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
! rowspan=2 |
| Elihu S. Williams
| | Republican
| 1886
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Republican loss.
| rowspan=2 nowrap |
|-
| Henry Lee Morey<br/><small>Redistricted from the 7th district</small>
| | Republican
| 1888
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Democratic gain.
|-
!
| Samuel S. Yoder
| | Democratic
| 1886
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| George E. Seney
| | Democratic
| 1886
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Melvin M. Boothman
| | Republican
| 1886
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William E. Haynes<br/><small>Redistricted from the 10th district</small>
| | Democratic
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Robert P. Kennedy
| | Republican
| 1886
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
! rowspan=2 |
| William C. Cooper
| | Republican
| 1884
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Republican loss.
| rowspan=2 nowrap |
|-
| Joseph H. Outhwaite<br/><small>Redistricted from the 13th district</small>
| | Democratic
| 1884
| Incumbent re-elected.
|-
!
| colspan=3 | None (new district)
| | New district.<br/>Republican gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Albert C. Thompson
| | Republican
| 1886
| | Incumbent lost renomination.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Jacob J. Pugsley
| | Republican
| 1886
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Republican hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | None (new district)
| | New district.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
! rowspan=2 |
| Charles Preston Wickham
| | Republican
| 1886
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Republican loss.
| rowspan=2 nowrap |
|-
| James W. Owens<br/><small>Redistricted from the 16th district</small>
| | Democratic
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
|-
!
| Charles H. Grosvenor
| | Republican
| 1886
| | Incumbent lost renomination.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William McKinley<br/><small>Redistricted from the 18th district</small>
| | Republican
| 1886
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | None (new district)
| | New district.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Joseph D. Taylor<br/><small>Redistricted from the 17th district</small>
| | Republican
| 1886
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Ezra B. Taylor
| | Republican
| 1880
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Martin L. Smyser
| | Republican
| 1888
| | Incumbent lost renomination.<br/>Republican hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Theodore E. Burton
| | Republican
| 1888
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|}
Oregon
<!---->
Pennsylvania
<!---->
Rhode Island
<!---->
South Carolina
|-
!
| Samuel Dibble
| | Democratic
| 1882
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| George D. Tillman
| | Democratic
| 1878
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| James S. Cothran
| | Democratic
| 1886
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William H. Perry
| | Democratic
| 1884
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John J. Hemphill
| | Democratic
| 1882
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| George W. Dargan
| | Democratic
| 1882
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Thomas E. Miller
| | Republican
| 1888
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|}
South Dakota
<!---->
|-
! rowspan=2 | <br/>
| John Pickler
| | Republican
| nowrap | 1889
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap rowspan=2 |
|-
| Oscar S. Gifford
| | Republican
| nowrap | 1889
| | Incumbent lost renomination.<br/>Republican hold.
|}
Tennessee
<!---->
|-
!
| Alfred A. Taylor
| | Republican
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Leonidas C. Houk
| | Republican
| 1878
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| H. Clay Evans
| | Republican
| 1888
| |Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Benton McMillin
| | Democratic
| 1878
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| James D. Richardson
| | Democratic
| 1884
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Joseph E. Washington
| | Democratic
| 1886
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Washington C. Whitthorne
| | Democratic
| 1886
| |Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Benjamin A. Enloe
| | Democratic
| 1886
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Rice A. Pierce
| | Democratic
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| James Phelan Jr.
| | Democratic
| 1886
| |Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic hold.
|
|}
Texas
<!---->
Utah
<!---->
See Non-voting delegates below.
Vermont
<!---->
|-
!
| Thomas H. B. Browne
| | Republican
| 1886
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| George E. Bowden
| | Republican
| 1886
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Edmund Waddill Jr.
| | Republican
| 1888
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John M. Langston
| | Republican
| 1888
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Posey G. Lester
| | Democratic
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Paul C. Edmunds
| | Democratic
| 1886
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Charles T. O'Ferrall
| | Democratic
| 1884
| Incumbent re-elected
| nowrap |
|-
!
| W. H. F. Lee
| | Democratic
| 1886
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John A. Buchanan
| | Democratic
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Henry St. George Tucker
| | Democratic
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected
| nowrap |
|}
Washington
<!---->
|-
!
| John L. Wilson
| | Republican
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William L. Wilson
| | Democratic
| 1882
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John D. Alderson
| | Democratic
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Charles B. Smith
| | Republican
| 1888
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|}
Wisconsin
<!---->
Wisconsin elected nine members of congress on Election Day, November 4, 1890.
|-
!
| Lucien B. Caswell
| | Republican
| 1884
| | Incumbent lost renomination.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
|Charles Barwig
| | Democratic
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Robert M. La Follette
| | Republican
| 1884
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Isaac W. Van Schaick
| | Republican
| 1888
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| George H. Brickner
| | Democratic
| 1888
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Charles B. Clark
| | Republican
| 1886
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Ormsby B. Thomas
| | Republican
| 1884
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Nils P. Haugen
| | Republican
| 1887
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Myron H. McCord
| | Republican
| 1888
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|}
Wyoming
Republican Clarence D. Clark was elected over Democrat George T. Beck in a single ballot both to finish the current term (ending 1891) and the next term (beginning 1891).
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant (new seat)
| | Republican gain.
| nowrap |
|}
52nd Congress
|-
!
|-
!
|-
!
| colspan=3 | New seat
| | New seat.<br/>New delegate elected to the next term.<br/>Republican gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John T. Caine
| | Populist
| 1882
| Incumbent re-elected
| nowrap |
|}
See also
- 1890 United States elections
- 1890–91 United States Senate elections
- 51st United States Congress
- 52nd United States Congress
Notes
References
Bibliography
External links
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)