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The following lists events that happened during 1866 in South Africa.
Incumbents
- Governor of the Cape of Good Hope and High Commissioner for Southern Africa: Sir Philip Wodehouse.
- Lieutenant-governor of the Colony of Natal: Sir John Bisset (acting).
- State President of the Orange Free State: Jan Brand.
- President of the Executive Council of the South African Republic: Marthinus Wessel Pretorius (until 21 October).
- State President of the South African Republic: Marthinus Wessel Pretorius (from 22 October).
