The 1864–65 United States House of Representatives elections were held between June 5, 1864, and November 7, 1865, to elect the 192 members and nine non-voting delegates of the House of Representatives. The National Union Party expanded their existing majority against the backdrop of the American Civil War.
Candidates listed as Republicans and Unionists won 99 seats in congressional elections held in 1862 and 1863; three Union Democrats and the lone Unconditional Union Democrat from Kentucky subsequently crossed the floor to give the Republican–Union coalition a narrow majority during the 38th United States Congress. The wartime coalition of Republicans, War Democrats, and border state unionists became the base for the National Union Party that held its national convention at Baltimore on June 7, 1864. Leading Unionists were pessimistic about their party's prospects during the summer of 1864, but the fall of Atlanta led to a dramatic reversal of fortunes ahead of the fall elections. The Union Party won a "sweeping victory" at the polls, carrying all but three states in the concurrent presidential election.
Unionists significantly improved their showing compared to the last elections, contributing three-quarters of the members of the 39th United States Congress. A majority of the members elected from Indiana and all but two from Ohio were Unionists. In Kentucky, Missouri, and Tennessee, the elections were contested by Radical and Conservative Unionist factions, resulting in 15 Radical or Unconditional Unionists, 9 Conservatives, and 1 Independent Unionist elected to the 39th United States Congress.
Following the Confederate surrender, the former states of the Confederacy held congressional elections in 1865 and 1866, but only the members from Tennessee were seated by the House. The 10 remaining states were eventually readmitted between 1868 and 1870 during the 40th and 41st United States Congresses.
Results
Federal
{| style="width:70%; text-align:center"
|+ ↓
|- style="color:white"
| style="background:; width:18.23%" | 35
| style="background:; width:4.69%" | 9
| style="background:; width:0.52%" | 1
| style="background:; width:76.56%" | 147
|-
| <span style="color:">Democratic</span>
| <span style="color:">Con</span>
|
| <span style="color:">National Union</span>
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:right"
|+ 1864–65 United States House of Representatives elections
! colspan=2 rowspan=2 | Parties
! colspan=4 | Seats
! colspan=2 | Popular vote
|-
! 1862–63
! 1864–65
! ±
! %
! Votes
! %
|-
|
|align=left| Union Party
| 56
|rowspan=2| 132
|rowspan=2| 40
|rowspan=2| 68.75
|rowspan=2| 1,997,418
|rowspan=2| 51.53
|-
|
|align=left| Republican Party
| 36
|-
|
|align=left| Unconditional Union Party
| 1
| 15
| 14
| 7.81
| 134,560
| 3.47
|-
|align=left colspan=2| Others
| 6
| 0
| 6
| 0.00
|colspan=2
|-
|
!
!
!
!
!
!
!
|-
|
|align=left| Democratic Party
| 73
| 35
| 38
| 18.23
| 1,620,556
| 41.81
|-
|
|align=left| Conservative Party
| 1
| 9
| 8
| 4.69
| 88,474
| 2.28
|-
|
|align=left| Independent Unionists
| 1
| 1
|
| 0.52
| 9,409
| 0.24
|-
|
|align=left| Union Party (Kansas)
| 0
| 0
|
| 0.00
| 9,712
| 0.25
|-
|
|align=left| Independent Democrats
| 0
| 0
|
| 0.00
| 1,006
| 0.03
|-
| align=left colspan=2 | Others
| 9
| 0
| 9
| 0.00
| 15,216
| 0.39
|-
! colspan=2 | Total
! 183
! 192
! 9
! 100.00
! 3,876,351
! 100.00
|}
Results by state
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"
|-
! rowspan=2 | State
! rowspan=2 | Type
! data-sort-type=date rowspan=2 | Date
! rowspan=2 | Total<br/>seats
! colspan=2 | Democratic
! colspan=2 | Conservative
! colspan=2 | National Union
! colspan=2 | Others
|-
! | Seats
! | Change
! | Seats
! | Change
! | Seats
! | Change
! Seats
! Change
|-
! Oregon
| At-large
| June 5, 1864
| 1
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 1
| data-sort-value=0 |
| 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Vermont
| District
| September 6, 1864
| 3
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 3
| data-sort-value=0 |
| 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Maine
| District
| September 11, 1864
| 5
| | 0
| data-sort-value=-1 | 1
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 5
| data-sort-value=1 | 1
| 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Indiana
| District
| rowspan=3 | October 10, 1864
| 11
| | 3
| data-sort-value=-3 | 4
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 8
| data-sort-value=4 | 4
| 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Ohio
| District
| 19
| | 2
| data-sort-value=-12 | 12
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 17
| data-sort-value=12 | 12
| 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Pennsylvania
| District
| 24
| | 8
| data-sort-value=-4 | 4
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 16
| data-sort-value=4 | 4
| 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! West Virginia
| District
| October 22, 1864
| 3
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 3
| data-sort-value=0 |
| 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! California
| District
| rowspan=13 data-sort-value="November 8, 1864" | November 8, 1864<br>(Election Day)
| 3
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 3
| data-sort-value=0 |
| 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Delaware
| At-large
| 1
| | 1
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Illinois
| Mixed
| 14
| | 3
| data-sort-value=-6 | 6
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 11
| data-sort-value=6 | 6
| 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Iowa
| District
| 6
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 6
| data-sort-value=0 |
| 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Kansas
| At-large
| 1
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 1
| data-sort-value=0 |
| 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Maryland
| District
| 5
| | 2
| data-sort-value=1 | 1
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 3
| data-sort-value=-1 | 1
| 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Massachusetts
| District
| 10
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 10
| data-sort-value=0 |
| 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Michigan
| District
| 6
| | 0
| data-sort-value=-1 | 1
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 6
| data-sort-value=1 | 1
| 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Minnesota
| District
| 2
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 2
| data-sort-value=0 |
| 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Missouri
| District
| 9
| | 1
| data-sort-value=-1 | 1
| | 0
| data-sort-value=-1 | 1
| | 8
| data-sort-value=2 | 2
| 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! New Jersey
| District
| 5
| | 3
| data-sort-value=-1 | 1
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 2
| data-sort-value=1 | 1
| 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! New York
| District
| 31
| | 11
| data-sort-value=-6 | 6
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 20
| data-sort-value=6 | 6
| 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Wisconsin
| District
| 6
| | 1
| data-sort-value=-2 | 2
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 5
| data-sort-value=2 | 2
| 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! colspan=12 | Late elections (after the March 4, 1865 beginning of the term)
|-
! New Hampshire
| District
| March 14, 1865
| 3
| | 0
| data-sort-value=-1 | 1
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 3
| data-sort-value=1 | 1
| 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Connecticut
| District
| April 3, 1865
| 4
| | 0
| data-sort-value=-1 | 1
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 4
| data-sort-value=1 | 1
| 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Tennessee
| District
| August 3, 1865
| 8
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 4
| data-sort-value=4 | 4
| | 4
| data-sort-value=4 | 4
| 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Rhode Island
| District
| April 5, 1865
| 2
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 2
| data-sort-value=0 |
| 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! Kentucky
| District
| August 7, 1865
| 9
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 5
| data-sort-value=5 | 5
| | 4
| data-sort-value=3 | 3
| 0
| data-sort-value=-5 | 8
|-
! Nevada
| At-large
| November 7, 1865
| 1
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
| | 1
| data-sort-value=0 |
| 0
| data-sort-value=0 |
|-
! colspan=12 | Seceded states not yet readmitted
|-
! Alabama
| District
| November 6, 1865
| 6
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
|
|-
! Arkansas
| District
| October 9, 1865
| 3
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
|
|-
! Florida
| At-large
| November 29, 1865
| 1
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
|
|-
! Georgia
| District
| November 15, 1865
| 7
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
|
|-
! Louisiana
| District
| November 6, 1865
| 5
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
|
|-
! Mississippi
| District
| October 2, 1865
| 5
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
|
|-
! North Carolina
| District
| November 9, 1865
| 7
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
|
|-
! South Carolina
| District
| November 22, 1865
| 4
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
|
|-
! Texas
| District
| October 15, 1866
| 4
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
|
|-
! Virginia
| District
| October 12, 1865
| 8
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
|
|
|-
! colspan=3 rowspan=2 | Total
! rowspan=2 | 192
! | 35
! | 38
! | 9
! | 8
! | 148
! | 48
! 0
! data-sort-value=-8 | 8
|-
! colspan=2 | 18.2%
! colspan=2 | 4.7%
! colspan=2 | 77.1%
! colspan=2 | 0.0%
|}
New seats
One new seat was added for the new State of Nevada and 8 vacancies were filled by the readmission of Tennessee, the first Confederate state to be readmitted. Three former Confederate States held elections in 1865 that were rejected by Congress.
Special elections
38th Congress
|-
!
| Owen Lovejoy
| | Republican–<br/>Union
| 1856
| | Incumbent died March 25, 1864.<br>New member elected May 19, 1864.<br>Union hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Henry G. Stebbins
|
| 1862
| | Incumbent resigned October 24, 1864.<br/>New member elected November 8, 1864.<br>Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|}
39th Congress
|-
!
| Edwin H. Webster
| | Union
| 1859
| | Incumbent resigned July 1865.<br>New member elected November 7, 1865.<br>Union hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Daniel W. Gooch
| | Union
| 1858
| | Incumbent resigned September 1, 1865.<br>New member elected November 7, 1865.<br>Union hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Orlando Kellogg
| | Union
| 1862
| | Incumbent died August 24, 1865.<br>New member elected November 7, 1865.<br>Union hold.
| nowrap |
|}
Alabama
Alabama held elections on November 6, 1865, following the end of the Civil War, but the winners were not seated by the House.
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since January 12, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since January 12, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated.
| no wrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since January 12, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated.
| no wrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since January 12, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated.
| no wrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since January 12, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated.
| no wrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since January 12, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated.
| no wrap |
|}
Arizona Territory
See Non-voting delegates, below.
Arkansas
Arkansas held successive elections in 1864 and 1865 to fill vacancies in the 38th Congress and elect representatives to the 39th Congress.
38th Congress
Arkansas did not hold elections for the 38th Congress in 1862 or 1863. Late elections were held from March 14–16, 1864, but the winners were not seated by the House.
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since May 6, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since May 6, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since May 6, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated.
| nowrap |
|}
39th Congress
Arkansas held elections for the 39th Congress on October 9, 1865, following the end of the Civil War, but the winners were not seated by the House.
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since May 6, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since May 6, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since May 6, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated.
| nowrap |
|}
California
California elected its members on November 8, 1864.
|-
! <br/>
| Cornelius Cole<br/>.
| | Republican–<br/>Union
| 1863
| | Incumbent retired.<br>Union hold.
| nowrap |
|-
! <br/>
| William Higby<br/>.
| | Republican–<br/>Union
| 1863
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
! <br/>
| Thomas B. Shannon<br/>.
| |Republican–<br/>Union
| 1863
| | Incumbent lost renomination.<br/>Union hold.
| nowrap |
|}
Colorado Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.
Connecticut
Connecticut elected its members on April 3, 1865, after the start of the term but before Congress convened.
|-
!
| Henry C. Deming
| | Republican–<br/>Union
| 1863
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| James E. English
|
| 1861
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Augustus Brandegee
| | Republican–<br/>Union
| 1863
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John H. Hubbard
| | Republican–<br/>Union
| 1863
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
Dakota Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.
Delaware
<!-- -->
Delaware elected its member on November 8, 1864.
|-
! rowspan=3 |
| Nathaniel B. Smithers
| | Republican–<br/>Union
| 1863
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|}
Florida
Florida held elections on November 29, 1865, following the end of the Civil War, but the winners were not seated by the House.
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since January 10, 1861.<br>Winner not seated.
| nowrap |
|}
Georgia
Georgia held elections on November 15, 1865, following the end of the Civil War, but the winners were not seated by the House.
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since January 19, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since January 19, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since January 19, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since January 19, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since January 19, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since January 19, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since January 19, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated.
| nowrap |
|}
Idaho Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.
Illinois
Illinois elected its members on November 8, 1864.
|-
!
| James C. Allen
|
| 1862
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Isaac N. Arnold
| | Republican–<br/>Union
| 1860
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Union hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John F. Farnsworth
| | Republican–<br/>Union
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Elihu B. Washburne
| | Republican–<br/>Union
| 1852
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Charles M. Harris
|
| 1862
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Ebon C. Ingersoll
| | Republican–<br/>Union
| 1864
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Jesse O. Norton
| | Republican–<br/>Union
| 1862
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Union hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John R. Eden
|
| 1862
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John T. Stuart
|
| 1862
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Lewis W. Ross
|
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Anthony L. Knapp
|
| 1861
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| James C. Robinson
|
| 1858
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William R. Morrison
|
| 1862
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William J. Allen
|
| 1862
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Union gain.
| nowrap |
|}
Indiana
Indiana elected its members on October 10, 1864.
|-
!
| John Law
|
| 1860
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| James A. Cravens
|
| 1860
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Henry W. Harrington
|
| 1862
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William S. Holman
|
| 1858
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| George W. Julian
| | Republican–<br/>Union
| 1860
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Ebenezer Dumont
| | Republican–<br/>Union
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Daniel W. Voorhees
|
| 1860
| Incumbent re-elected.<br>Winner subsequently unseated February 23, 1866, in favor of challenger.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Godlove S. Orth
| | Republican–<br/>Union
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Schuyler Colfax
| | Republican–<br/>Union
| 1854
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Joseph K. Edgerton
|
| 1852
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| James F. McDowell
|
| 1862
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Union gain.
| nowrap |
|}
Iowa
<!---->
Iowa elected its members on November 8, 1864.
|-
!
| James F. Wilson
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Hiram Price
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William B. Allison
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Josiah B. Grinnell
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John A. Kasson
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Asahel W. Hubbard
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
Kansas
<!---->
Kansas elected its member on November 8, 1864.
|-
!
| A. Carter Wilder
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1862
| | Incumbent retired.<br />Union hold.
| nowrap |
|}
Kentucky
<!---->
Kentucky elected its members on August 7, 1865, after the term began but before Congress convened.
|-
!
| Lucien Anderson
| | Unconditional<br/>Union
| 1863
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Conservative gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| George H. Yeaman
| | Union<br/>Democratic
| 1862
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Conservative gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Henry Grider
| | Union<br/>Democratic
| 1861
| | Incumbent re-elected as a Conservative.<br/>Conservative gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Aaron Harding
| | Union<br/>Democratic
| 1861
| | Incumbent re-elected as a Conservative.<br/>Conservative gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Robert Mallory
| | Union<br/>Democratic
| 1859
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Unconditional Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Green C. Smith
| | Unconditional<br/>Union
| 1863
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Brutus J. Clay
| | Union<br/>Democratic
| 1863
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Conservative gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William H. Randall
| | Unconditional<br/>Union
| 1863
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William H. Wadsworth
| | Union<br/>Democratic
| 1861
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Unconditional Union gain.
| nowrap |
|}
Louisiana
Louisiana held successive elections in 1864 and 1865 to fill vacancies in the 38th Congress and elect representatives to the 39th Congress.
38th Congress
<!------>
Louisiana held no elections for the 38th Congress in 1862 or 1863 as a result of secession. Late elections were held on September 5, 1864, but the elected members were not seated by the House.
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since March 4, 1863.<br/>Winner not seated.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since March 4, 1863.<br/>Winner not seated.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since January 26, 1861.<br>Winner not seated.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since January 26, 1861.<br>Winner not seated.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since January 26, 1861.<br>Winner not seated.
| nowrap |
|}
39th Congress
<!------>
Louisiana held elections for the 39th Congress on November 6, 1865, following the end of the Civil War, but the winners were not seated by the House.
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since March 4, 1863.<br/>Winner not seated.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since March 4, 1863.<br/>Winner not seated.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since January 26, 1861.<br/>Winner not seated.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since January 26, 1861.<br>Winner not seated.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since January 26, 1861.<br>Winner not seated.
| nowrap |
|}
Maine
<!---->
Maine elected its members on September 11, 1864.
|-
!
| Lorenzo D. Sweat
|
| 1862
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Sidney Perham
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1860
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| James G. Blaine
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1860
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John H. Rice
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1856
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Frederick A. Pike
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1860
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
Maryland
<!---->
Maryland elected its members on November 8, 1864.
|-
!
| John Creswell
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1863
| | Incumbent retired.<br />Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Edwin H. Webster
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1859
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Henry Winter Davis
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1863
| | Incumbent retired.<br />Union hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Francis Thomas
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1861
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Benjamin G. Harris
|
| 1863
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
Massachusetts
<!---->
Massachusetts elected its members on November 8, 1864.
|-
!
| Thomas D. Eliot
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1858
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Oakes Ames
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Alexander H. Rice
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1858
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Samuel Hooper
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1861 (special)
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John B. Alley
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1858
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Daniel W. Gooch
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1858
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| George S. Boutwell
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John D. Baldwin
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William B. Washburn
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Henry Laurens Dawes
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1856
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
Michigan
<!---->
Michigan elected its members on November 8, 1864.
|-
!
| Fernando C. Beaman
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1860
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Charles Upson
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John W. Longyear
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Francis William Kellogg
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1858
| | Incumbent retired.<br />Union hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Augustus C. Baldwin
|
| 1862
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John F. Driggs
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
Minnesota
<!---->
|-
!
| William Windom
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1859
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Ignatius L. Donnelly
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
Mississippi
<!---->
Mississippi held elections on October 2, 1865, following the end of the Civil War, but the winners were not seated by the House.
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since January 9, 1861.<br>Winner not seated.
|nowrap|
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since January 9, 1861.<br>Winner not seated.
|nowrap|
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since January 9, 1861.<br>Winner not seated.
|nowrap|
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since January 9, 1861.<br>Winner not seated.
|nowrap|
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since January 9, 1861.<br>Winner not seated.
|nowrap|
|}
Missouri
<!---->
Missouri elected its members on November 8, 1864.
|-
!
| Samuel Knox
| | Radical Union
| 1862
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Henry Taylor Blow
| | Radical Union
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John G. Scott
|
| 1863 (special)
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Radical Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Sempronius H. Boyd
| | Radical Union
| 1862
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Independent Unionist gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Joseph W. McClurg
| | Radical Union
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Austin A. King
|
| 1862
| | Incumbent lost re-election as an Independent Democrat.<br />Radical Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Benjamin F. Loan
| | Radical Union
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William A. Hall
|
| 1861 (special)
| | Incumbent retired.<br />Radical Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| James S. Rollins
| | Democratic
| 1862
| | Incumbent retired.<br />Radical Union gain.
| nowrap |
|}
Montana Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.
Nebraska Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.
Nevada
Nevada held successive elections in 1864 and 1865 to fill one vacancy in the 38th Congress and elect its representative to the 39th Congress.
38th Congress
<!---->
Nevada elected its representative to the 38th Congress on November 8, 1864.
|-
!
| colspan=3 | New state
| | New seat.<br />Union gain.
| nowrap |
|}
39th Congress
<!---->
Nevada elected its representative to the 39th Congress on November 7, 1865.
|-
!
| Henry G. Worthington
| | Union
| 1864
| | Incumbent lost renomination.<br />Union hold.
| nowrap |
|}
New Hampshire
<!---->
New Hampshire elected its members on March 14, 1865, after the start of the term but before Congress convened.
|-
!
| Daniel Marcy
|
| 1863
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Edward H. Rollins
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1861
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| James W. Patterson
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1863
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
New Jersey
<!---->
New Jersey elected its members on November 8, 1864.
|-
!
| John F. Starr
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| George Middleton
|
| 1862
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William G. Steele
|
| 1860
| | Incumbent retired.<br />Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Andrew J. Rogers
|
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Nehemiah Perry
|
| 1858
| | Incumbent retired.<br />Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|}
New Mexico Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.
New York
<!---->
New York elected its members on November 8, 1864.
|-
!
| Henry G. Stebbins
|
| 1862
| | Incumbent retired.<br />Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Martin Kalbfleisch
|
| 1862
| | Incumbent retired.<br />Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Moses F. Odell
|
| 1860
| | Incumbent retired.<br />Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Benjamin Wood
|
| 1860
| | Incumbent retired.<br />Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Fernando Wood
|
| 1862
| | Incumbent retired.<br />Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Elijah Ward
|
| 1860
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John Winthrop Chanler
|
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| James Brooks
|
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Anson Herrick
|
| 1862
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William Radford
|
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
North Carolina
<!---->
North Carolina did not hold elections to the 39th Congress.
Ohio
Ohio elected its members on October 10, 1864.
|-
!
| George H. Pendleton
|
| 1856
| | Incumbent retired.<br />Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Alexander Long
|
| 1862
| | Incumbent lost renomination.<br />Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Robert C. Schenck
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John F. McKinney
|
| 1862
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Francis C. Le Blond
|
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Chilton A. White
|
| 1860
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Samuel S. Cox
|
| 1862
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William Johnston
|
| 1862
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Warren P. Noble
|
| 1860
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| James M. Ashley
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Wells A. Hutchins
|
| 1862
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William E. Finck
|
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John O'Neill
|
| 1862
| | Incumbent retired.<br />Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| George Bliss
|
| 1862
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| James R. Morris
|
| 1862
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Joseph W. White
|
| 1882
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br />Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Ephraim R. Eckley
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Rufus P. Spalding
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| James A. Garfield
| | Republican–<br />Union
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
Oregon
<!---->
Pennsylvania
<!---->
Rhode Island
<!---->
South Carolina
<!---->
South Carolina did not hold elections to the 39th Congress.
Tennessee
<!---->
Tennessee elected its members on August 3, 1865, after the new term began but before Congress convened.
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since June 8, 1861.<br />Conservative gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since March 4, 1863.<br />Radical gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since March 4, 1863.<br />Radical gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since March 4, 1863.<br />Conservative gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since June 8, 1861.<br />Conservative gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since June 8, 1861.<br />Radical gain.
|
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since June 8, 1861.<br />Radical gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | Vacant
| | Seat vacant since June 8, 1861.<br />Conservative gain.
| nowrap |
|}
Texas
<!---->
Texas did not hold elections to the 39th Congress.
Utah Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.
Vermont
<!---->
|-
!
| Frederick E. Woodbridge
| | Republican
| 1863
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Justin S. Morrill
| | Republican
| 1854
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Portus Baxter
| | Republican
| 1860
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
Virginia
<!---->
Virginia did not hold elections to the 39th Congress.
Washington Territory
See non-voting delegates, below.
West Virginia
<!---->
|-
!
| Jacob B. Blair
| | Unconditional<br/>Union
| 1863
| | Incumbent retired.<br>Unconditional Union hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William G. Brown Sr.
| | Unconditional<br/>Union
| 1863
| | Incumbent retired.<br>Unconditional Union hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Kellian Whaley
| | Unconditional<br/>Union
| 1863
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|}
Wisconsin
<!---->
Wisconsin elected six members of congress on Election Day, November 8, 1864.
|-
!
| James S. Brown
| | Democratic
| 1862
| | Incumbent withdrew from election.<br/>National Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Ithamar Sloan
| | Republican
| 1862
| | Incumbent re-elected on National Union ticket.<br/>Republican hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Amasa Cobb
| | Republican
| 1862
| | Incumbent re-elected on National Union ticket.<br/>Republican hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Charles A. Eldredge
| | Democratic
| 1862
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Ezra Wheeler
| | Democratic
| 1862
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>National Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Walter D. McIndoe
| | Republican
| 1862
| | Incumbent re-elected on National Union ticket.<br/>Republican hold.
| nowrap |
|}
Non-voting delegates
38th Congress
|-
!
| colspan=3 | None (new seat)
| | New seat.<br/>Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| colspan=3 | None (new seat)
| | New seat.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|}
39th Congress
|-
!
| Charles D. Poston
| | Republican–<br/>Union
| 1864
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Union hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Hiram P. Bennet
| | Republican–<br/>Union
| 1861
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Anti-Statehood gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John B. S. Todd
| | People's Union
| 1861
| | Incumbent lost re-election.<br/>Union gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| William H. Wallace
| | Republican–<br/>Union
| 1863
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic gain.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Samuel McLean
|
| 1864
| Incumbent re-elected.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Samuel G. Daily
| | Republican–<br/>Union
| 1860
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Union hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Gordon Newell Mott
| | Republican–<br/>Union
| 1862
| | Incumbent retired.<br />Independent Unionist gain.<br />Election voided by the admission of Nevada; see above.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| Francisco Perea
| | Republican–<br/>Union
| 1863
| | Incumbent lost re-election as a Democrat.<br/>Union hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| John F. Kinney
|
| 1863
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Democratic hold.
| nowrap |
|-
!
| George E. Cole
|
| 1863
| | Incumbent retired.<br/>Union gain.
| nowrap |
|}
See also
- 1864 United States elections
- 1864 United States presidential election
- 1864–65 United States Senate elections
- 38th United States Congress
- 39th United States Congress
Notes
References
Bibliography
Primary sources
Secondary sources
Further reading
External links
- Office of the Historian (Office of Art & Archives, Office of the Clerk, U.S. House of Representatives)