Events from the year 1845 in Canada.
Incumbents
- Monarch: Victoria
Federal government
- Parliament: 2nd
Governors
- Governor General of the Province of Canada: Charles Metcalfe, 1st Baron Metcalfe (until 26 November); Charles Cathcart, 2nd Earl Cathcart (from 26 November)
- Governor of New Brunswick: William MacBean George Colebrooke
- Governor of Nova Scotia: Lucius Cary, 10th Viscount Falkland
- Civil Governor of Newfoundland: John Harvey
- Governor of Prince Edward Island: Henry Vere Huntley
Premiers
- Joint Premiers of the Province of Canada —
- William Henry Draper, Canada West Premier
- Denis-Benjamin Viger, Canada East Premier
Events
- Halifax native Samuel Cunard chooses Boston as the western terminus for his steamships.
- Lord Cathcart, the new governor, arrives.
- The Rebellion Losses Commission sits.
- The Welland Canal is opened.
Births
January to June
- January 9 – Laure Conan, novelist (died 1924)
- January 14 – Henry Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne, Governor General of Canada (died 1927)
- February 13 – William James Topley, photographer (died 1930)
- April 5 – Leonard Burnett, politician, farmer and teacher (died 1932)
- May 4 – Louis Henry Davies, lawyer, businessman, politician and 3rd Premier of Prince Edward Island (died 1924)
July to December
- July 9 – Gilbert Elliot-Murray-Kynynmound, 4th Earl of Minto, Governor General of Canada (died 1914)
thumb|right|150px|John Sparrow David Thompson
- July 20 – Charles-Eusèbe Dionne, naturalist and taxidermist (died 1925)
- August 6 – John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll, Governor General of Canada (died 1914)
- November 10 – John Sparrow David Thompson, lawyer, judge, politician, and 4th Prime Minister of Canada (died 1894)
- December 15 – Edward Charles Bowers, politician (died 1929)