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The year 1677 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
- Publication of the first English star atlas, John Seller's Atlas Coelestis.
Mathematics
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz gives a complete solution to the tangent problem.
- Publication of Cocker's Arithmetick: Being a Plain and Familiar Method Suitable to the Meanest Capacity for the Full Understanding of That Incomparable Art, As It Is Now Taught by the Ablest School-Masters in City and Country, attributed to Edward Cocker (died 1676). It will remain a standard grammar school textbook in England for more than 150 years.
Medicine
- January 21 – A pamphlet on smallpox published in Boston becomes the first medical publication in the British colonies in North America.
Microbiology
- Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovers the spermatozoon.
Paleontology
- Robert Plot publishes The Natural History of Oxford-shire, Being an Essay Toward the Natural History of England, in which he describes the fossilised femur of a human giant, now known to be from the dinosaur Megalosaurus.
Births
- February 8 – Jacques Cassini, French astronomer (died 1756)
- September 17 – Stephen Hales, English physiologist and clergyman (died 1761)
- September 27 – Johann Gabriel Doppelmayr, German mathematician, astronomer and cartographer (died 1750)
Deaths
- May 4 – Isaac Barrow, English mathematician (born 1630)
- May 23 (bur.) – John Kersey, English mathematician (born 1677)
- October 11 – Sir Cornelius Vermuyden, Dutch-born drainage engineer (born 1595).
- October 14 – Francis Glisson, English physician (born 1599?)