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The year 1564 in science and technology included many events, some of which are listed here.
Medicine
- Ambroise Paré publishes his treatise on surgery, Dix livres de la chirurgie: avec le magasin des instrumens necessaires à icelle, in French.
Births
- February 15 – Galileo Galilei, Pisan astronomer (died 1642).
- March 9 – David Fabricius, Frisian astronomer (died 1617).
- approx. date – Pierre Richer de Belleval, French botanist (died 1632).
Deaths
- April – Pierre Belon, French naturalist (born 1517) (murdered)
- October 15 – Vesalius, Flemish anatomist (born 1514)
- October 18 – Johannes Acronius Frisius, German physician and mathematician (born 1520)
- Charles Estienne, French anatomist (born 1504)