1250 - WikiHQ

Year 1250 (MCCL) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.

Events

February 2 – King Erik Eriksson of Sweden dies. The ten-year-old Valdemar, the eldest son of Birger Jarl, is elected King of Sweden, and becomes the first king from the House of Bjälbo.
October 12 – A great storm shifts the mouth of the River Rother in England 12 miles (20 km) to the west; a battering series of strong storms significantly alters other coastal geography around Romney Marsh.
December 13 – Emperor Frederick II dies, beginning the 23-year-long "Great Interregnum". Frederick is the last Holy Roman Emperor of the Hohenstaufen dynasty; after the interregnum, the empire passes to the Habsburgs.
The Lombard League dissolves upon the death of its member states' nemesis, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor.
Albertus Magnus isolates the element arsenic, as the 8th discovered metal. He also first uses the word "oriole" to describe a type of bird (most likely the golden oriole).
The Rialto Bridge in Venice (in modern-day Italy) is converted from a pontoon bridge to a permanent, raised wooden structure.
The Ponts Couverts fortified bridges of Strasbourg (in modern-day France) are completed.
Vincent of Beauvais completes his proto-encyclopedic work Speculum Maius ("Greater mirror").
The first of the Parlements of Ancien Régime France is established.
Villard de Honnecourt draws the first known image of a sawmill.
The first usage is made of the English word "cuckold", according to the Oxford English Dictionary.
Medieval music: The Notre Dame school of polyphony ends.

July 9 – The Qaymariyya tribe engineers a coup d'état to hand over Damascus to An-Nasir Yusuf. The garrison in the citadel surrenders later to him.
A kurultai is called by Batu Khan in Siberia as part of maneuverings which will elect Möngke Khan as khan of the Mongol Empire in 1251.
Starting in this year and ending in 1275, the Muslim Shougeng Pu, likely a Persian or an Arab, serves as the Commissioner of Merchant Shipping for the Song dynasty Chinese seaport at Quanzhou, due to his effort in defeating pirates.

March 11 – Egyptian politician Bahaa el-Din bin Hanna appointed Vizier of Egypt as the last vizier in the Ayyubid Dynasty of Egypt.
April 8 – Battle of Fariskur: Louis IX (the Saint) is captured by Baibars' Mamluk army while he is in Egypt conducting the Seventh Crusade; he later has to ransom himself.
April 30 – King Louis IX (the Saint) is released by his Egyptian captors after paying a ransom of one million dinars and turning over the city of Damietta.
May 2 – Al-Muazzam Turanshah, Ayyubid ruler of Egypt, is murdered, ending effective Ayyubid Dynasty rule in the country. He is briefly succeeded by his widow, Sultana Shajar al-Durr.
July 21 – Aybak becomes ruler of Egypt, beginning the Bahri Dynasty of the Mamluk Sultanate of Egypt. After 5 days he stands down and the six-year-old Al-Ashraf Musa is nominally proclaimed sultan.
The Hafsid caliph al-Mustansir enforces laws of ghiyar, or differentiation for non-Muslims. As such, Jews have to wear a distinguishing badge (shikla) which Tunisian Jews will have to wear into the nineteenth century.

Samoa frees itself from Tongan rule, which begins the Malietoa dynasty in Samoa (approximate date).

The Flemish town of Douai emits the first recorded redeemable annuities in medieval Europe, confirming a trend of consolidation of local public debt started in 1218, in Rheims.
The Sienese bankers belonging to the firm known as the Gran Tavola, under the steering of the Bonsignori Brothers, become the main financiers of the Papacy.

April 8 – John Tristan, son of Louis IX (d. 1270)
December – al-Allama al-Hilli, Persian Shia theologian (d. 1325)
December 25 – John IV Doukas Laskaris, emperor of Nicaea (d. 1305)
Agnes of Baden, German noblewoman (d. 1295)
Albertus de Chiavari, Italian Master General (d. 1300)
Beatrice of Savoy, Swiss noblewoman (d. 1292)
Dmitry of Pereslavl, Kievan Grand Prince (d. 1294)
Esclaramunda of Foix, queen consort of Majorca (d. 1315)
Jeanne de Montfort de Chambéon, Swiss noblewoman (d. 1300)
Margaret of Burgundy, queen of Sicily (d. 1308)
Matteo I Visconti, Italian imperial vicar (d. 1322)
Nijō Tameyo, Japanese official and poet (d. 1338)
Niklot I, German nobleman and knight (d. 1323)
Robert II, French nobleman and knight (d. 1302)
Sancho of Aragon, Spanish archbishop (d. 1275)
approximate date
Adolf II of Waldeck, prince-bishop of Liège (d. 1302)
Albert II, Duke of Saxony, German nobleman (d. 1298)
Albert III, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel, German nobleman and knight (d. 1300)
1250 or 1259 – Asher ben Jehiel, German Jewish rabbi (d. 1327)
Diether of Nassau, archbishop of Trier (d. 1307)
Fra Dolcino, Italian priest and reformist (d. 1307)
Grigorije II of Ras, Serbian monk-scribe (d. 1321)
1250–1259 – Guido Cavalcanti, Italian poet and writer (d. 1300)
Konrad II of Masovia, Polish nobleman (d. 1294)
Mordechai ben Hillel, German scholar (d. 1298)
Rhys ap Maredudd, Welsh nobleman (d. 1292)
Theodoric of Freiberg, German physicist (d. 1311)
Záviš of Falkenstein, Bohemian nobleman (d. 1290)