The 10th United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. It met in Washington, D.C., from March 4, 1807, to March 4, 1809, during the seventh and eighth years of Thomas Jefferson's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the 1800 census; both chambers had an overwhelming Democratic-Republican majority.

Major events

  • May 22, 1807: Former Vice President of the United States Aaron Burr was indicted for treason. He was acquitted September 1, 1807
  • June 1807: Chesapeake-Leopard Affair: The British warship captured and boarded the .
  • August 17, 1807: The Clermont, Robert Fulton's first American steamboat, left New York City for Albany, New York, on the Hudson River, inaugurating the first commercial steamboat service in the world.
  • January 1, 1808: The importation of slaves into the United States was banned

thumb|right|175px|President of the Senate [[George Clinton (vice president)|George Clinton]]

thumb|175px|President pro tempore<br>[[Stephen R. Bradley]]

thumb|175px|Speaker of the House<br>[[Joseph Bradley Varnum|Joseph B. Varnum]]

Major legislation

  • December 22, 1807: Embargo Act of 1807, ch. 5,
  • March 1, 1809: Non-Intercourse Act (1809), ch. 24,

Territories organized

  • February 3, 1809: Illinois Territory was organized from a portion of Indiana Territory,

Party summary

The count below identifies party affiliations at the beginning of the first session of this Congress. Changes resulting from subsequent replacements are shown below in the "Changes in membership" section.

Senate

House of Representatives

Leadership

Senate

  • President: George Clinton (DR)
  • President pro tempore: Samuel Smith (DR), elected April 16, 1808
  • Stephen R. Bradley (DR), elected December 28, 1808
  • John Milledge (DR), elected January 30, 1809

House of Representatives

  • Speaker: Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR)

Members

This list is arranged by chamber, then by state. Senators are listed in order of seniority, and representatives are listed by district.

:Skip to House of Representatives, below

Senate

Senators were elected by the state legislatures every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election.

Connecticut

: 1. James Hillhouse (F)

: 3. Uriah Tracy (F), died July 19, 1807

:: Chauncey Goodrich (F), from October 25, 1807

Delaware

: 1. Samuel White (F)

: 2. James A. Bayard (F)

Georgia

: 2. Abraham Baldwin (DR), until March 4, 1807

:: George Jones (DR), August 27, 1807 – November 7, 1807

:: William H. Crawford (DR), from November 7, 1807

: 3. John Milledge (DR)

Kentucky

: 2. Buckner Thruston (DR)

: 3. John Pope (DR)

Maryland

: 1. Samuel Smith (DR)

: 3. Philip Reed (DR)

Massachusetts

: 2. Timothy Pickering (F)

: 1. John Quincy Adams (F), until June 8, 1808

:: James Lloyd (F), from June 9, 1808

New Hampshire

: 2. Nicholas Gilman (DR)

: 3. Nahum Parker (DR)

New Jersey

: 1. John Condit (DR)

: 2. Aaron Kitchell (DR)

New York

: 3. John Smith (DR)

: 1. Samuel L. Mitchill (DR)

North Carolina

: 2. James Turner (DR)

: 3. Jesse Franklin (DR)

Ohio

: 1. John Smith (DR), until April 25, 1808

:: Return J. Meigs Jr. (DR), from December 12, 1808

: 3. Edward Tiffin (DR)

Pennsylvania

: 1. Samuel Maclay (DR), until January 4, 1809

:: Michael Leib (DR), from January 9, 1809

: 3. Andrew Gregg (DR)

Rhode Island

: 1. Benjamin Howland (DR)

: 2. James Fenner (DR), until September 1807

:: Elisha Mathewson (DR), from October 26, 1807

South Carolina

: 2. Thomas Sumter (DR)

: 3. John Gaillard (DR)

Tennessee

: 1. Joseph Anderson (DR)

: 2. Daniel Smith (DR)

Vermont

: 3. Stephen R. Bradley (DR)

: 1. Israel Smith (DR), until October 1, 1807

:: Jonathan Robinson (DR), from October 10, 1807

Virginia

: 2. William B. Giles (DR)

: 1. Andrew Moore (DR)

[[File:10th United States Congress Senators.svg|thumb|375px|Senators' party membership by state at the opening of the 10th Congress in March 1807.

]]

House of Representatives

The names of representatives are preceded by their district numbers.

Connecticut

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.<br>(7 Federalists)

: . Epaphroditus Champion (F)

: . Samuel W. Dana (F)

: . John Davenport (F)

: . Jonathan O. Moseley (F)

: . Timothy Pitkin (F)

: . Lewis B. Sturges (F)

: . Benjamin Tallmadge (F)

Delaware

(1 Federalist)

: . Nicholas Van Dyke (F), from October 6, 1807

Georgia

(4 Democratic-Republicans)

: . William W. Bibb (DR)

: . Howell Cobb (DR)

: . Dennis Smelt (DR)

: . George M. Troup (DR)

Kentucky

(6 Democratic-Republicans)

: . Matthew Lyon (DR)

: . John Boyle (DR)

: . John Rowan (DR)

: . Richard M. Johnson (DR)

: . Benjamin Howard (DR)

: . Joseph Desha (DR)

Maryland

The 5th district was a plural district with two representatives.<br>(6-3 Democratic-Republican)

: . John Campbell (F)

: . Archibald Van Horne (DR)

: . Philip B. Key (F)

: . Roger Nelson (DR)

: . William McCreery (DR)

: . Nicholas R. Moore (DR)

: . John Montgomery (DR)

: . Edward Lloyd (DR)

: . Charles Goldsborough (F)

Massachusetts

(11-6 Democratic-Republican)

: . Josiah Quincy (F)

: . Jacob Crowninshield (DR), until April 15, 1808

:: Joseph Story (DR), from May 23, 1808

: . Edward St. Loe Livermore (F)

: . Joseph Bradley Varnum (DR)

: . William Ely (F)

: . Samuel Taggart (F)

: . Joseph Barker (DR)

: . Isaiah L. Green (DR)

: . Josiah Dean (DR)

: . Jabez Upham (F)

: . William Stedman (F)

: . Barnabas Bidwell (DR), until July 13, 1807

:: Ezekiel Bacon (DR), from September 16, 1807

: . Ebenezer Seaver (DR)

: . Richard Cutts (DR)

: . Daniel Ilsley (DR)

: . Orchard Cook (DR)

: . John Chandler (DR)

New Hampshire

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.<br>(5 Democratic-Republicans)

: . Peter Carleton (DR)

: . Daniel M. Durell (DR)

: . Francis Gardner (DR)

: . Jedediah K. Smith (DR)

: . Clement Storer (DR)

New Jersey

All representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.<br>(6 Democratic-Republicans)

: . Ezra Darby (DR), until January 27, 1808

:: Adam Boyd (DR), from March 8, 1808

: . William Helms (DR)

: . John Lambert (DR)

: . Thomas Newbold (DR)

: . James Sloan (DR)

: . Henry Southard (DR)

New York

(15-2 Democratic-Republican)

: . Samuel Riker (DR)

: . and . Joint district with two seats: Gurdon S. Mumford (DR)

: . and . Joint district with two seats: George Clinton Jr. (DR)

: . Philip Van Cortlandt (DR)

: . John Blake Jr. (DR)

: . Daniel C. Verplanck (DR)

: . Barent Gardenier (F)

: . James I. Van Alen (DR)

: . Killian K. Van Rensselaer (F)

: . Josiah Masters (DR)

: . John Thompson (DR)

: . David Thomas (DR), until February 17, 1808

:: Nathan Wilson (DR), from November 7, 1808

: . Peter Swart (DR)

: . John Russell (DR)

: . William Kirkpatrick (DR)

: . Reuben Humphrey (DR)

: . John Harris (DR)

North Carolina

(11-1 Democratic-Republicans)

: . Lemuel Sawyer (DR)

: . Willis Alston (DR)

: . Thomas Blount (DR)

: . William Blackledge (DR)

: . Thomas Kenan (DR)

: . Nathaniel Macon (DR)

: . John Culpepper (F), until January 2, 1808, and then from February 23, 1808

: . Richard Stanford (DR)

: . Marmaduke Williams (DR)

: . Evan S. Alexander (DR)

: . James Holland (DR)

: . Meshack Franklin (DR)

Ohio

(1 Democratic-Republican)

: . Jeremiah Morrow (DR)

Pennsylvania

There were four plural districts, the 1st, 2nd, & 3rd had three representatives each, the 4th had two representatives.<br>(15-3 Democratic-Republican)

: . Joseph Clay (DR), until March 28, 1808

:: Benjamin Say (DR), from November 16, 1808

: . John Porter (DR)

: . Jacob Richards (DR)

: . Robert Brown (DR)

: . William Milnor (F)

: . John Pugh (DR)

: . John Hiester (DR)

: . Robert Jenkins (F)

: . Matthias Richards (DR)

: . David Bard (DR)

: . Robert Whitehill (DR)

: . Daniel Montgomery Jr. (DR)

: . James Kelly (F)

: . John Rea (DR)

: . William Findley (DR)

: . John Smilie (DR)

: . William Hoge (DR)

: . Samuel Smith (DR)

Rhode Island

Both representatives were elected statewide on a general ticket.<br>(2 Democratic-Republicans)

: . Nehemiah Knight (DR), until June 13, 1808

:: Richard Jackson Jr. (F), from November 11, 1808

: . Isaac Wilbour (DR)

South Carolina

(8 Democratic-Republicans)

: . Robert Marion (DR)

: . William Butler Sr. (DR)

: . David R. Williams (DR)

: . John Taylor (DR)

: . Richard Winn (DR)

: . Joseph Calhoun (DR), from June 2, 1807

: . Thomas Moore (DR)

: . Lemuel J. Alston (DR)

Tennessee

(3 Democratic-Republicans)

: . John Rhea (DR)

: . George W. Campbell (DR)

: . Jesse Wharton (DR)

Vermont

(2-2 Democratic-Republican)

: . James Witherell (DR), until May 1, 1808

:: Samuel Shaw (DR), from September 6, 1808

: . James Elliott (F)

: . James Fisk (DR)

: . Martin Chittenden (F)

Virginia

(21-1 Democratic-Republican)

: . John G. Jackson (DR)

: . John Morrow (DR)

: . John Smith (DR)

: . David Holmes (DR)

: . Alexander Wilson (DR)

: . Abram Trigg (DR)

: . Joseph Lewis Jr. (F)

: . Walter Jones (DR)

: . John Love (DR)

: . John Dawson (DR)

: . James M. Garnett (DR)

: . Burwell Bassett (DR)

: . William A. Burwell (DR)

: . Matthew Clay (DR)

: . John Randolph (DR)

: . John W. Eppes (DR)

: . John Claiborne (DR), until October 9, 1808

:: Thomas Gholson Jr. (DR), from November 7, 1808

: . Peterson Goodwyn (DR)

: . Edwin Gray (DR)

: . Thomas Newton Jr. (DR)

: . Wilson C. Nicholas (DR)

: . John Clopton (DR)

Non-voting members

(no representation)

: . Benjamin Parke, until March 1, 1808

:: Jesse B. Thomas, from October 22, 1808

: . George Poindexter

: . Daniel Clark

Changes in membership

The count below reflects changes from the beginning of the first session of this Congress.

Senate

There were 5 resignations, 2 deaths, and 1 interim appointment. Neither party had a net change.

<!--

Sorted Chronologically by date of vacancy

-->

|-

| Georgia<br>(2)

| | Abraham Baldwin (DR)

| style="font-size:80%" | Died March 4, 1807.<br/>Temporary successor appointed August 27, 1807, to continue the term.

| | George Jones (DR)

| August 27, 1807

|-

| Connecticut<br>(3)

| | Uriah Tracy (F)

| style="font-size:80%" | Died July 19, 1807.<br/>Successor elected October 25, 1807, to finish the term.

| | Chauncey Goodrich (F)

| October 25, 1807

|-

| Rhode Island<br>(2)

| | James Fenner (DR)

| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned September, 1807 to become Governor of Rhode Island.<br/>Successor elected to finish the term.

| | Elisha Mathewson (DR)

| October 26, 1807

|-

| Vermont<br>(1)

| | Israel Smith (DR)

| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned October 1, 1807, to become Governor of Vermont.<br/>Successor elected to finish the term.

| | Jonathan Robinson (DR)

| October 10, 1807

|-

| Georgia<br>(2)

| | George Jones (DR)

| style="font-size:80%" | Successor elected November 7, 1807, to finish the term, in place of a temporary appointee.

| | William H. Crawford (DR)

| November 7, 1807

|-

| Ohio<br>(1)

| | John Smith (DR)

| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned April 25, 1808.<br/>Successor appointed to finish the term ending March 4, 1809.

| | Return J. Meigs Jr. (DR)

| December 12, 1808

|-

| Massachusetts<br>(1)

| | John Quincy Adams (F)

| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned June 8, 1808, having broken with his party and lost re-election to the next term.<br/>Winner elected to finish the term, having already won election to the next term.

| | James Lloyd (F)

| June 9, 1808

|-

| Pennsylvania<br>(1)

| | Samuel Maclay (DR)

| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned January 4, 1809, believing he would lose re-election.<br/>Winner was elected to finish the term, having already won election to the next term.

| | Michael Leib (DR)

| January 9, 1809

|}

House of Representatives

Of the voting members, there were 4 resignations, 4 deaths, and 2 vacancies from the beginning of this Congress. Democratic-Republicans had no net change and Federalists picked up 2 seats.

<!--

Sorted Chronologically by date of vacancy

-->

|-

|

| Vacant

| style="font-size:80%" | Levi Casey (DR) died before the end of the preceding Congress

| | Joseph Calhoun (DR)

| Seated June 2, 1807

|-

|

| Vacant

| style="font-size:80%" | James M. Broom (F) resigned before the beginning of this Congress

| | Nicholas Van Dyke (F)

| Seated October 6, 1807

|-

|

| | Barnabas Bidwell (DR)

| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned July 13, 1807, after becoming Attorney General of Massachusetts

| | Ezekiel Bacon (DR)

| Seated September 16, 1807

|-

|

| | John Culpepper (F)

| style="font-size:80%" | Seat declared vacant January 2, 1808

| | John Culpepper (F)

| Seated February 23, 1808

|-

|

| | Ezra Darby (DR)

| style="font-size:80%" | Died January 27, 1808

| | Adam Boyd (DR)

| Seated March 8, 1808

|-

|

| Benjamin Parke<br>

| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 1, 1808

| Jesse B. Thomas

| October 22, 1808

|-

|

| | Joseph Clay (DR)

| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned March 28, 1808

| | Benjamin Say (DR)

| Seated November 16, 1808

|-

|

| | Jacob Crowninshield (DR)

| style="font-size:80%" | Died April 15, 1808

| | Joseph Story (DR)

| Seated May 23, 1808

|-

|

| | David Thomas (DR)

| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 1, 1808, after becoming New York State Treasurer

| | Nathan Wilson (DR)

| November 7, 1808

|-

|

| | James Witherell (DR)

| style="font-size:80%" | Resigned May 1, 1808, after becoming judge of Supreme Court for Michigan Territory

| | Samuel Shaw (DR)

| Seated September 6, 1808

|-

|

| | Nehemiah Knight (DR)

| style="font-size:80%" | Died June 13, 1808

| | Richard Jackson Jr. (F)

| Seated November 11, 1808

|-

|

| | John Claiborne (DR)

| style="font-size:80%" | Died October 9, 1808

| | Thomas Gholson Jr. (DR)

| Seated November 7, 1808

|}

Committees

Lists of committees and their party leaders.

Senate

  • Audit and Control the Contingent Expenses of the Senate (Chairman: John Quincy Adams)
  • Engrossed Bills (Chairman: Andrew Gregg then Francis Malbone)
  • Whole

House of Representatives

  • Accounts (Chairman: Nicholas R. Moore)
  • Affairs with Algiers (Select)
  • Claims (Chairman: David Holmes)
  • Commerce and Manufactures (Chairman: Thomas Newton Jr.)
  • Conduct of Peter J. Bruin (Select)
  • District of Columbia (Chairman: Joseph Lewis Jr.)
  • Elections (Chairman: William Findley)
  • Post Office and Post Roads (Chairman: John Rhea)
  • Public Lands (Chairman: John Boyle then Jeremiah Morrow)
  • Revisal and Unfinished Business (Chairman: John Clopton)
  • Rules (Select)
  • Standards of Official Conduct
  • Ways and Means (Chairman: George W. Campbell)
  • Whole

Joint committees

  • Enrolled Bills (Chairman: Sen. James Turner)
  • The Library (Chairman: N/A)

Employees

Legislative branch agency directors

  • Architect of the Capitol: Benjamin Latrobe
  • Librarian of Congress: Patrick Magruder

Senate

  • Chaplain: John J. Sayrs (Episcopalian), until November 10, 1807
  • Alexander T. McCormick (Episcopalian), elected November 10, 1807
  • Robert Elliott (Presbyterian), elected November 10, 1808
  • Secretary: Samuel A. Otis
  • Sergeant at Arms: James Mathers

House of Representatives

  • Chaplain: Robert Elliott Presbyterian, until October 30, 1807
  • Obadiah B. Brown, Baptist, from October 30, 1807
  • Clerk: John J. Beckley, until April 8, 1807 (died)
  • Patrick Magruder, from April 8, 1807
  • Doorkeeper: Thomas Claxton
  • Sergeant at Arms: Joseph Wheaton, until October 27, 1807
  • Thomas Dunn, from October 27, 1807

See also

  • 1806 United States elections (elections leading to this Congress)
  • 1806–07 United States Senate elections
  • 1806–07 United States House of Representatives elections
  • 1808 United States elections (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)
  • 1808 United States presidential election
  • 1808–09 United States Senate elections
  • 1808–09 United States House of Representatives elections

Notes

References

  • Statutes at Large, 1789-1875
  • Senate Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
  • House Journal, First Forty-three Sessions of Congress
  • Biographical Directory of the U.S. Congress
  • U.S. House of Representatives: House History
  • U.S. Senate: Statistics and Lists