is a set of nested bowls and other eating utensils for the personal use of Buddhist monks. Ōryōki also refers to a meditative form of eating using these utensils that originated in Japan and emphasizes mindfulness awareness practice by abiding by a strict order of precise movements.
The term (, , , also known as ) is a transliteration of the Sanskrit , meaning 'vessel that contains just enough'. The term is mostly used in the of Zen Buddhism. In the and , the utensils are called , which is written as according to the Rinzai school and according to the Ōbaku school. is also used to refer to the bowls alone.
The bowls are usually made of lacquered wood, with the utensils bundled in a cloth.
have evolved in in East Asia over many years and are part of the Buddhist tradition that has now been transmitted to the West. Both monks and laypeople use to eat formal meals in Zen monasteries and places of practice. A lineage was also transmitted from Kōbun Chino Otogawa to the Tibetan Buddhist sangha of Chögyam Trungpa and is now practiced at all Shambhala International retreat centers. (In this regard, it is not unlike .) The intricacies of the form may require the practitioner to pay great attention to detail.