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{
"compare": {
"fromid": 1,
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"fromtitle": "Main Page",
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"tons": 0,
"totitle": "Albert Einstein",
"*": "<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-lineno\" id=\"mw-diff-left-l1\">Line 1:</td>\n<td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-lineno\">Line 1:</td></tr>\n<tr><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"\u2212\"></td><td class=\"diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted\"><div><<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">strong</del>><del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">MediaWiki </del>has been <del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">installed</del>.</<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">strong</del>></div></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Short description|German-born theoretical physicist (1879\u20131955)}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Redirect|Einstein||Einstein (disambiguation)|and|Albert Einstein (disambiguation)}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Good article}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{pp-move}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{protection padlock|small=yes}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Use American English|date=August 2024}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2025}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Infobox scientist</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| native_name_lang\u00a0 = de</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| image\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 = Albert Einstein Head cleaned.jpg</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| caption\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 = Einstein in 1947</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| birth_date\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 = {{Birth date|df=yes|1879|3|14}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| birth_place\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 = [[Ulm]], [[Kingdom of W\u00fcrttemberg]], [[German Empire]]<ref group=note name=GEcitizen/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| death_date\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1955|4|18|1879|3|14}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| death_place\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 = [[Princeton, New Jersey]], U.S.</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| resting_place\u00a0 \u00a0 = </ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| children\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 = {{flatlist|</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Lieserl Einstein|Lieserl]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Hans Albert Einstein|Hans Albert]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Einstein family#Eduard \"Tete\" Einstein (Albert's second son)|Eduard \"Tete\"]]}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| family\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 = [[Einstein family|Einstein]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| spouse\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 = {{plainlist|</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{marriage|[[Mileva Mari\u0107]]|1903|1919|end=divorced}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{marriage|[[Elsa L\u00f6wenthal]]|1919|1936|end=died<!--<ref name=\"66xNO\" />{{sfnp|Pais|1982|p=301}} -->}}}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| citizenship\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 = {{collapsible list|title={{nobold|''See list''}}||{{Indented plainlist|</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Kingdom of W\u00fcrttemberg]], part of the German Empire (until 1896)<ref group=note name=GEcitizen/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Statelessness|Stateless]] (1896\u20131901)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Switzerland]] (1901\u20131955)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Kingdom of Prussia]], part of the German Empire (1914\u20131918)<ref group=note name=GEcitizen/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Free State of Prussia]] ([[Weimar Republic]], 1918\u20131933)<ref group=note name=GEcitizen/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Citizenship of the United States|United States]] (1940\u20131955)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">}}}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| fields\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 = [[Physics]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| workplaces\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 = {{collapsible list|title={{nobold|''See list''}}|{{Indented plainlist|</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[University of Bern]] (1908\u20131909)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[University of Zurich]] (1909\u20131911)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Charles University in Prague]] (1911\u20131912)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[ETH Zurich]] (1912\u20131914)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]] (1914\u20131933)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Humboldt University of Berlin]] (1914\u20131933)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Kaiser Wilhelm Institute]] (director, 1917\u20131933)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[German Physical Society]] (president, 1916\u20131918)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Institute for Advanced Study]] (1933\u20131955)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">}}}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| education\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 = {{Indented plainlist|</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[ETH Zurich|Swiss Federal Polytechnic School]] (teaching diploma, 1900)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[University of Zurich]] ([[PhD]], 1905)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| doctoral_advisor\u00a0 = [[Alfred Kleiner]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| thesis_title\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 = {{lang|de|Eine neue Bestimmung der Molek\u00fcldimensionen}} (A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| thesis_url\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 = https://www.research-collection.ethz.ch/bitstream/20.500.11850/139872/1/eth-30378-01.pdf</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| thesis_year\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 = 1905</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| academic_advisors = [[Heinrich Friedrich Weber]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| known_for\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 = {{Indented plainlist|</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[General relativity]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Special relativity]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Photoelectric effect]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Mass\u2013energy equivalence|''E''=''mc''<sup>2</sup> (mass\u2013energy equivalence)]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Planck\u2013Einstein relation|''E''=''hf'' (Planck\u2013Einstein relation)]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Brownian motion|Theory of Brownian motion]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Einstein field equations]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Bose\u2013Einstein statistics]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Bose\u2013Einstein condensate]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Gravitational wave]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Cosmological constant]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Unified field theory]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[EPR paradox]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Ensemble interpretation]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[List of things named after Albert Einstein|List of other concepts]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| awards\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 = {{collapsible list|title={{nobold|''See list''}}|{{Indented plainlist|</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Barnard Medal for Meritorious Service to Science]] (1920)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] (1921)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Matteucci Medal]] (1921)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[List of fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1921|ForMemRS]] (1921)<ref name=\"frs\" /></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Copley Medal]] (1925)<ref name=\"frs\" /></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society|Gold Medal of RAS]] (1926)<ref>{{cite web |url=https://ras.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2021-03/Gold%20Medal%202021.pdf |title=The Gold Medal |publisher=[[Royal Astronomical Society]] |access-date=20 December 2021 |archive-date=20 December 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220130005/https://ras.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2021-03/Gold%20Medal%202021.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Max Planck Medal]] (1929)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Member of the National Academy of Sciences|Membership of NAS]] (1942)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/20001817.html|title=Membership directory|publisher=[[National Academy of Sciences]]|access-date=20 December 2021|archive-date=20 December 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211220080311/http://www.nasonline.org/member-directory/deceased-members/20001817.html|url-status=live}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century|''Time'' Person of the Century]] (1999)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">}}}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> |signature = Albert Einstein signature 1934.svg</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> |module = {{Listen|pos=center|embed=yes|filename=03 ALBERT EINSTEIN.ogg|title=Albert Einstein's voice|type=speech|description=Opening of Einstein's speech (11 April 1943) for the [[United Jewish Appeal]] (recording by Radio Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina)}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Albert Einstein series}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">'''Albert Einstein'''{{efn|{{IPAc-en|\u02c8|a\u026a|n|s|t|a\u026a|n}};<ref name=\"NDxay\"/> {{IPA|de|\u02c8alb\u025b\u0281t \u02c8a\u026an\u0283ta\u026an|lang|Albert Einstein german.ogg}}}} (14 March 1879{{snd}}18 April 1955) was a German-born<!-- Please do not change this\u2014see talk page and its many archives.--> [[theoretical physicist]] best known for developing the [[theory of relativity]]. Einstein also made important contributions to [[Old quantum theory|quantum theory]].<ref name=\"frs\"/><ref name=\"YangHamilton2010\"/> His [[mass\u2013energy equivalence]] formula {{math|1=[[Mass\u2013energy equivalence#Mass\u2013velocity relationship|''E'' = ''mc''<sup>2</ins><<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">/sup</ins>><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">]]}}, which arises from [[special relativity]], </ins>has been <ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">called \"the world's most famous equation\".<ref name=\"LnLVo\"/> He received the 1921 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] for \"his services to theoretical physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the [[photoelectric effect]]\"</ins>.<<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">ref name=\"Nobel Prize\"</ins>/></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td class=\"diff-marker\"></td><td class=\"diff-context diff-side-deleted\"><br></td><td class=\"diff-marker\"></td><td class=\"diff-context diff-side-added\"><br></td></tr>\n<tr><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"\u2212\"></td><td class=\"diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted\"><div><del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Consult </del>the [<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">https:</del>/<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">/www</del>.<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">mediawiki</del>.<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">org</del>/<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">wiki</del>/<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Special:MyLanguage</del>/<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Help:Contents User's Guide</del>] <del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">for information on using </del>the <del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">wiki software</del>.</div></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Born in </ins>the [<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[German Empire]], Einstein moved to Switzerland in 1895, forsaking his [[German citizenship]] (as a subject of the [[Kingdom of W\u00fcrttemberg]])<ref name=GEcitizen group=\"note\"</ins>/<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">> the following year. In 1897, at the age of seventeen, he enrolled in the mathematics and physics teaching diploma program at the Swiss [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] in [[Zurich]], graduating in 1900. He acquired [[Swiss citizenship]] a year later, which he kept for the rest of his life, and afterwards secured a permanent position at the [[Swiss Patent Office]] in [[Bern]]. In 1905, he submitted a successful PhD dissertation to the [[University of Zurich]]</ins>. <ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In 1914, he moved to Berlin to join the [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]] and the [[Humboldt University of Berlin]], becoming director of the [[Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics]] in 1917; he also became a German citizen again, this time as a subject of the [[Kingdom of Prussia]]</ins>.<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=GEcitizen group=\"note\"</ins>/<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">> In 1933, while Einstein was visiting the United States, [[Adolf Hitler's rise to power|Adolf Hitler came to power]] in Germany. Horrified by the [[Nazi Germany|Nazi]] persecution of his fellow Jews,<ref name=\"zE9Bz\"</ins>/<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">> he decided to remain in the US, and was granted [[American citizen]]ship in 1940.<ref name=\"BoyerDubofsky2001\"</ins>/<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">> On the eve of [[World War II]], he endorsed [[Einstein\u2013Szilard letter|a letter]] to President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] alerting him to the potential [[German nuclear weapons program]</ins>] <ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">and recommending that the US begin similar research, later carried out as </ins>the <ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Manhattan Project]]</ins>.</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td class=\"diff-marker\"></td><td class=\"diff-context diff-side-deleted\"><br></td><td class=\"diff-marker\"></td><td class=\"diff-context diff-side-added\"><br></td></tr>\n<tr><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"\u2212\"></td><td class=\"diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted\"><div>== Getting <del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">started </del>==</div></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In 1905, sometimes described as his ''[[annus mirabilis]]'' (miracle year), he published [[Annus mirabilis papers|four groundbreaking papers]].{{sfnp|Galison|2000|p=377}} In them, he outlined a theory of the photoelectric effect, explained [[Brownian motion]], introduced his special theory of relativity, and demonstrated that if the special theory is correct, mass and energy are equivalent to each other. In 1915, he proposed a [[general theory of relativity]] that extended his system of mechanics to incorporate [[gravitation]]. A cosmological paper that he published the following year laid out the implications of general relativity for the modeling of the structure and evolution of the [[universe]] as a whole.<ref name=\"Nobel\"/><ref name=\"NYT-20151124\"/> In 1917, Einstein wrote a paper which introduced the concepts of [[spontaneous emission]] and [[stimulated emission]], the latter of which is the core mechanism behind the [[laser]] and [[maser]], and which contained a trove of information that would be beneficial to developments in physics later on, such as [[quantum electrodynamics]] and [[quantum optics]].<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Kleppner |first=Daniel |author-link=Daniel Kleppner |date=1 February 2005 |title=Rereading Einstein on Radiation |url=https://pubs.aip.org/physicstoday/article/58/2/30/904451/Rereading-Einstein-on-RadiationThe-concepts-of |journal=Physics Today |language=en |volume=58 |issue=2 |pages=30\u201333 |bibcode=2005PhT....58b..30K |doi=10.1063/1.1897520 |issn=0031-9228}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"\u2212\"></td><td class=\"diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted\"><div><del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* </del>[https://www.<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">mediawiki</del>.org/<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">wiki</del>/Special:<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">MyLanguage</del>/<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Manual</del>:<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Configuration_settings Configuration settings list</del>]</div></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"\u2212\"></td><td class=\"diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted\"><div>* [https://www.<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">mediawiki</del>.org/<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">wiki</del>/<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Special</del>:<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">MyLanguage</del>/<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Manual</del>:<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">FAQ MediaWiki FAQ</del>]</div></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In the middle part of his career, Einstein made important contributions to [[statistical mechanics]] and quantum theory. Especially notable was his work on the quantum physics of [[radiation]], in which light consists of particles, subsequently called [[photon]]s. With physicist [[Satyendra Nath Bose]], he laid the groundwork for [[Bose\u2013Einstein statistics]]. For much of the last phase of his academic life, Einstein worked on two endeavors that ultimately proved unsuccessful. First, he advocated against quantum theory's introduction of fundamental randomness into science's picture of the world, objecting that \"God does not play dice\".<ref>{{cite journal |url=https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05004-4 |title=Did Einstein really say that? |last=Robinson |first=Andrew |journal=[[Nature (journal)|Nature]] |date=30 April 2018 |volume=557 |number=30 |page=30 |doi=10.1038/d41586-018-05004-4 |bibcode=2018Natur.557...30R |s2cid=14013938 |access-date=21 February 2021 |archive-date=9 November 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201109033021/https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-05004-4 |url-status=live |issn=0028-0836}}</ref> Second, he attempted to devise a [[unified field theory]] by generalizing his geometric theory of gravitation to include [[electromagnetism]]. As a result, he became increasingly isolated from mainstream [[modern physics]].</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"\u2212\"></td><td class=\"diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted\"><div>* [https://<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">lists</del>.<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">wikimedia</del>.org/<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">postorius</del>/<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">lists</del>/<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">mediawiki</del>-<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">announce</del>.<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">lists</del>.<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">wikimedia</del>.org/ <del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">MediaWiki release mailing list</del>]</div></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"\u2212\"></td><td class=\"diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted\"><div>* [https://www.<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">mediawiki</del>.org/<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">wiki</del>/Special:<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">MyLanguage</del>/<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Localisation</del>#<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Translation_resources Localise MediaWiki </del>for <del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">your </del>language]</div></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">== Life and career ==</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"\u2212\"></td><td class=\"diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted\"><div><del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* </del>[https://www.<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">mediawiki</del>.org/<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">wiki</del>/<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Special</del>:<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">MyLanguage</del>/<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Manual</del>:<del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Combating_spam Learn </del>how to <del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">combat spam </del>on <del class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">your wiki</del>]</div></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">=== Childhood, youth and education ===</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{See also|Einstein family}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:Albert Einstein at the age of three (1882).jpg|thumb|upright|left|alt=A young boy with short hair and a round face, wearing a white collar and large bow, with vest, coat, skirt, and high boots. He is leaning against an ornate chair.|Einstein in 1882, age{{spaces}}3]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Albert Einstein was born in [[Ulm]],<ref name=\"Bio\" /> in the Kingdom of W\u00fcrttemberg in the German Empire, on 14 March 1879. His parents, secular [[Ashkenazi Jews]], were [[Hermann Einstein]], a salesman and engineer, and [[Pauline Koch]]. In 1880, the family moved to [[Munich]]'s borough of [[Ludwigsvorstadt-Isarvorstadt]], where Einstein's father and his uncle Jakob founded Elektrotechnische Fabrik J. Einstein & Cie, a company that manufactured electrical equipment based on [[direct current]].<ref name=\"Bio\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">When he was very young, his parents worried that he had a learning disability because he was very slow to learn to talk.<ref>{{Cite book|last = Seelig|first = Carl|year = 1956|title = Albert Einstein: A Documentary Biography|publisher = Staples Press}}</ref> When he was five and sick in bed, his father brought him a [[magnetic compass|compass]]. This sparked his lifelong fascination with [[electromagnetism]]. He realized that \"Something deeply hidden had to be behind things.\"{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p= 13}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein attended St. Peter's [[Catholic school|Catholic elementary school]] in Munich from the age of five. When he was eight, he was transferred to the [[Luitpold Gymnasium]], where he received advanced primary and then secondary school education.{{Sfnp|Stachel|2002|pp=[{{GBurl|id=OAsQ_hFjhrAC|p=59}} 59\u201361]}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{multiple image</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> | width = 145</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> | image1 = Hermann einstein.jpg</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> | alt1 </ins>=</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> | image2 = Pauline Koch edit.jpg </ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> | alt2 =</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> | footer = Einstein's parents, [[Hermann Einstein|Hermann]] and [[Pauline Einstein|Pauline]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In 1894, Hermann and Jakob's company tendered for a contract to install electric lighting in Munich, but without success\u2014they lacked the capital that would have been required to update their technology from direct current to the more efficient, [[alternating current]] alternative.<ref name=\"EQyag\"/> The failure of their bid forced them to sell their Munich factory and search for new opportunities elsewhere. The Einstein family moved to Italy, first to [[Milan]] and a few months later to [[Pavia]], where they settled in [[Palazzo Cornazzani]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=University of Pavia |title=Einstein, Albert |url=http://musei.unipv.eu/msu/our-museums/historical-figures/albert-einstein/ |website=Museo per la Storia dell'Universit\u00e0 di Pavia |publisher=University of Pavia |access-date=7 January 2023}}</ref> Einstein, then fifteen, stayed behind in Munich in order to finish his schooling. His father wanted him to study [[electrical engineering]], but he was a fractious pupil who found the Gymnasium's regimen and teaching methods far from congenial. He later wrote that the school's policy of strict [[rote learning]] was harmful to creativity. At the end of December 1894, a letter from a doctor persuaded the Luitpold's authorities to release him from its care, and he joined his family in Pavia.{{Sfnp|F\u00f6lsing|1997|pp=30\u201331}} While in Italy as a teenager, he wrote an essay entitled \"On the Investigation of the State of the [[Aether (classical element)|Ether]] in a Magnetic Field\".<ref name=Stachel2008>Stachel, et al (2008). Vol. 1 (1987), doc. 5.</ref><ref name=\"1RgTv\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein excelled at physics and mathematics from an early age, and soon acquired the mathematical expertise normally only found in a child several years his senior. He began teaching himself [[algebra]], [[calculus]] and [[Euclidean geometry]] when he was twelve; he made such rapid progress that he discovered an original proof of the [[Pythagorean theorem]] before his thirteenth birthday.<ref name=\"FVfDU\"/><ref>{{cite book |title=The God Problem: How a Godless Cosmos Creates |edition=illustrated |first1=Howard |last1=Bloom |publisher=Prometheus Books |year=2012 |isbn=978-1-61614-552-1 |page=294 |url={{GBurl|id=xlEupJb4ojIC}} |access-date=8 August 2020 }} {{cite book| url = {{GBurl|id=xlEupJb4ojIC|pg=PT294}}| title = Extract of page 294| isbn = 978-1-61614-552-1| last1 = Bloom| first1 = Howard| date = 30 August 2012| publisher = Prometheus Books| access-date = 8 August 2020}}</ref> A family tutor, [[Max Talmud]], said that only a short time after he had given the twelve year old Einstein a geometry textbook, the boy \"had worked through the whole book. He thereupon devoted himself to higher mathematics{{spaces}}... Soon the flight of his mathematical genius was so high I could not follow.\"{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=17}} Einstein recorded that he had \"mastered [[integral]] and [[differential calculus]]\" while still just fourteen.{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=16}} His love of algebra and geometry was so great that at twelve, he was already confident that nature could be understood as a \"mathematical structure\".{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|pp=17-18}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:Albert Einstein as a child.jpg|thumb|upright=.9|left|alt=Studio photo of a boy seated in a relaxed posture and wearing a suit, posed in front of a backdrop of scenery.|Einstein in 1893, age{{spaces}}14]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">At thirteen, when his range of enthusiasms had broadened to include music and philosophy,{{sfnp|Calaprice|Lipscombe|2005|p=8}} Talmud introduced Einstein to [[Kant]]'s ''[[Critique of Pure Reason]]''. Kant became his favorite philosopher; according to Talmud, \"At the time he was still a child, only thirteen years old, yet Kant's works, incomprehensible to ordinary mortals, seemed to be clear to him.\"{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=17}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In 1895, at the age of sixteen, Einstein sat the entrance examination for the [[ETH Zurich|federal polytechnic school]] (later the Eidgen\u00f6ssische Technische Hochschule, ETH) in Zurich, Switzerland. He failed to reach the required standard in the general part of the test,<ref name=Stachel2008a>Stachel, et al (2008). Vol. 1 (1987), p. 11.</ref> but performed with distinction in physics and mathematics.{{Sfnp|F\u00f6lsing|1997|pp=36\u201337}} On the advice of the polytechnic's principal, he completed his secondary education at the [[Old Cantonal School Aarau|Argovian cantonal school]] (a [[Gymnasium (school)|''gymnasium'']]) in [[Aarau]], Switzerland, graduating in 1896.<ref name=\"b250\">{{cite journal | last=Hunziker | first=Herbert | title=Albert Einstein's Magic Mountain: An Aarau Education* | journal=Physics in Perspective | volume=17 | issue=1 | date=2015 | issn=1422-6944 | doi=10.1007/s00016-014-0153-5 | pages=55\u201369| bibcode=2015PhP....17...55H }} ref for: [[Old Cantonal School Aarau]]</ref> While lodging in Aarau with the family of [[Jost Winteler]], he fell in love with Winteler's daughter, Marie. (His sister, [[Maja Einstein|Maja]], later married Winteler's son Paul.{{Sfnp|Highfield|Carter|1993|pp=21, 31, 56\u201357}})</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:Albert Einstein's exam of maturity grades (color2).jpg|thumb|upright|alt=Einstein's matriculation certificate at the age of 17. The heading translates as \"The Education Committee of the Canton of Aargau\". His scores were German 5, French 3, Italian 5, History 6, Geography 4, Algebra 6, Geometry 6, Descriptive Geometry 6, Physics 6, Chemistry 5, Natural History 5, Art Drawing 4, Technical Drawing 4. 6 = very good, 5 = good, 4 = sufficient, 3 = insufficient, 2 = poor, 1 = very poor.|Einstein's ''[[Matura]]'' certificate from canton [[Aargau]], 1896<ref group=note name=MaturaScore />]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In January 1896, with his father's approval, Einstein renounced his [[German citizenship|citizenship of the German Kingdom of W\u00fcrttemberg]] in order to avoid [[Conscription in Germany|conscription into military service]].{{Sfnp|F\u00f6lsing|1997|p=40}} The ''[[Matura]]'' (graduation for the successful completion of higher secondary schooling), awarded to him in September 1896, acknowledged him to have performed well across most of the curriculum, allotting him a [[Grading systems by country#Switzerland|top grade of 6]] for history, physics, algebra, geometry, and descriptive geometry.<ref name=Stachel2008b>Stachel, et al (2008). Vol. 1 (1987), docs. 21\u201327.</ref> At seventeen, he enrolled in the four-year mathematics and physics teaching diploma program at the federal polytechnic school. He befriended fellow student [[Marcel Grossmann]], who would help him there to get by despite his loose study habits, and later to mathematically underpin his revolutionary insights into physics. Marie Winteler, a year older than him, took up a teaching post in [[Olsberg, Aargau|Olsberg]], Switzerland.{{Sfnp|Highfield|Carter|1993|pp=21, 31, 56\u201357}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">The five other polytechnic school freshmen following the same course as Einstein included just one woman, a twenty year old [[Serbs|Serbian]], [[Mileva Mari\u0107]]. Over the next few years, the pair spent many hours discussing their shared interests and learning about topics in physics that the polytechnic school's lectures did not cover. In his letters to Mari\u0107, Einstein confessed that exploring science with her by his side was much more enjoyable than reading a textbook in solitude. Eventually the two students became not only friends but also lovers.<ref name=\"mileva\">{{Cite web|last=Gagnon|first=Pauline|date=19 December 2016|title=The Forgotten Life of Einstein's First Wife|url=https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/the-forgotten-life-of-einsteins-first-wife/|access-date=17 October 2020|website=Scientific American Blog Network|archive-date=17 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201017222145/https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/guest-blog/the-forgotten-life-of-einsteins-first-wife/|url-status=live}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Historians of physics are divided on the question of the extent to which Mari\u0107 contributed to the insights of Einstein's ''annus mirabilis'' publications. There is at least some evidence that he was influenced by her scientific ideas,<ref name=\"mileva\"/><ref name=\"7HA7H\"/><ref name=\"1zJdH\"/> but there are scholars who doubt whether her impact on his thought was of any great significance at all.{{Sfnp|Pais|1994|pp=1\u201329}}<ref name=\"xKrMG\"/>{{Sfnp|Stachel|2002|pp=[{{GBurl|id=OAsQ_hFjhrAC|p=49}} 49\u201356]}}<ref name=\"dUxMl\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">=== Marriages, relationships and children ===</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:Albert Einstein and his wife Mileva Maric.jpg|thumb|Albert Einstein and [[Mileva Mari\u0107]] Einstein, 1912]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Correspondence between Einstein and Mari\u0107, discovered and published in 1987, revealed that in early 1902, while Mari\u0107 was visiting her parents in [[Novi Sad]], she gave birth to a daughter, [[Lieserl Einstein|Lieserl]]. When Mari\u0107 returned to Switzerland it was without the child, whose fate is uncertain. A letter of Einstein's that he wrote in September 1903 suggests that the girl was either given up for adoption or died of [[scarlet fever]] in infancy.<ref name=\"HBMes\"/>{{sfnp|Calaprice|Lipscombe|2005|pp=22\u201323}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein and Mari\u0107 married in January 1903. In May 1904, their son [[Hans Albert Einstein|Hans Albert]] was born in [[Bern]], Switzerland. Their son [[Einstein family#Eduard \"Tete\" Einstein (Albert's second son)|Eduard]] was born in Zurich in July 1910. In letters that Einstein wrote to Marie Winteler in the months before Eduard's arrival, he described his love for his wife as \"misguided\" and mourned the \"missed life\" that he imagined he would have enjoyed if he had married Winteler instead: \"I think of you in heartfelt love every spare minute and am so unhappy as only a man can be.\"<ref name=\"MlQLY\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:Einstein_Albert_Elsa_LOC_32096u.jpg|alt=Einstein, looking relaxed and holding a pipe, stands next to a smiling, well-dressed Elsa who is wearing a fancy hat and fur wrap. She is looking at him.|left|thumb|Albert and [[Elsa Einstein]] arriving in New York, 1921]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In 1912, Einstein entered into a relationship with [[Elsa L\u00f6wenthal]], who was both his first cousin on his mother's side and his second cousin on his father's.{{sfnp|Calaprice|Lipscombe|2005|p=[{{GBurl|id=5eWh2O_3OAQC|p=50}} 50]}}<ref name=\"dh\">{{cite book |last1=Hoffmann |first1=Dieter |title=Einstein's Berlin: In the footsteps of a genius |date=2013 |publisher=The Johns Hopkins University Press |location=Baltimore |isbn=978-1-4214-1040-1 |pages=2\u20139, 28}}</ref>{{Sfnp|Stachel|1966}} When Mari\u0107 learned of his infidelity soon after moving to Berlin with him in April 1914, she returned to Zurich, taking Hans Albert and Eduard with her.<ref name=\"mileva\"/> Einstein and Mari\u0107 were granted a divorce on 14 February 1919 on the grounds of having lived apart for five years.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/11/06/arts/dark-side-of-einstein-emerges-in-his-letters.html|title=Dark Side of Einstein Emerges in His Letters|first=Dinitia|last=Smith|newspaper=The New York Times|date=6 November 1996|access-date=17 August 2020|archive-date=5 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210105092333/https://www.nytimes.com/1996/11/06/arts/dark-side-of-einstein-emerges-in-his-letters.html|url-status=live}}</ref>{{sfnp|Stachel|2002|p=[{{GBurl|id=OAsQ_hFjhrAC|p=50}} 50]}} As part of the divorce settlement, Einstein agreed that if he were to win a Nobel Prize, he would give the money that he received to Mari\u0107; he won the prize two years later.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Volume 9: The Berlin Years: Correspondence, January 1919 \u2013 April 1920 (English translation supplement) page 6|url=https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol9-trans/28|access-date=4 October 2021|website=einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu|archive-date=4 October 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211004033245/https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/vol9-trans/28|url-status=live}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein married L\u00f6wenthal in 1919.{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=xix}}{{Sfnp|Calaprice|Kennefick|Schulmann|2015|p=62}} In 1923, he began a relationship with a secretary named Betty Neumann, the niece of his close friend Hans M\u00fchsam.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/1523626/Einsteins-theory-of-fidelity.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/1523626/Einsteins-theory-of-fidelity.html |archive-date=10 January 2022 |url-access=subscription |url-status=live |title=Einstein's theory of fidelity|first=Roger|last=Highfield|date=10 July 2006|work=The Daily Telegraph}}{{cbignore}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/17/science/albert-einstein-genius-national-geographic-channel.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418100011/https://www.nytimes.com/2017/04/17/science/albert-einstein-genius-national-geographic-channel.html |archive-date=18 April 2017 |url-access=limited |title='Genius' Unravels the Mysteries of Einstein's Universe| first=Dennis| last=Overbye| newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|date=17 April 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.natgeotv.com/za/special/genius-albert-einsteins-theory-of-infidelity|title=Genius Albert Einstein's Theory of Infidelity|publisher=NatGeo TV|access-date=9 August 2020|archive-date=23 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923010851/https://www.natgeotv.com/za/special/genius-albert-einsteins-theory-of-infidelity|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.jpost.com/health-and-science/getting-up-close-and-personal-with-einstein|title</ins>=Getting <ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">up close and personal with Einstein|website=The Jerusalem Post &#124; JPost.com|access-date=29 August 2020|archive-date=23 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923001654/https://www.jpost.com/Health-and-Science/Getting-up-close-and-personal-with-Einstein|url-status=live}}</ref> L\u00f6wenthal nevertheless remained loyal to him, accompanying him when he emigrated to the United States in 1933. In 1935, she was diagnosed with heart and kidney problems. She died in December 1936.{{Sfnp|Highfield|Carter|1993|p=216}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:Albert Einstein and Elsa Einstein arriving by ship, San Diego, 1930 (cropped).jpg|thumb|Albert and Elsa Einstein, 1930]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">A volume of Einstein's letters released by [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]] in 2006<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/einstein-secret-love-affairs-out/story-QVSHrfMYJzCRcIlbBCJKAM.html|title=Einstein secret love affairs out!|date=13 July 2006|website=Hindustan Times|access-date=17 August 2020|archive-date=23 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200923115250/https://www.hindustantimes.com/india/einstein-secret-love-affairs-out/story-QVSHrfMYJzCRcIlbBCJKAM.html|url-status=live}}</ref> added some other women with whom he was romantically involved. They included Margarete Lebach (a married Austrian),<ref>{{Cite book |last=Graydon |first=Samuel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PRSsEAAAQBAJ&dq=Margarete+Lebach&pg=PA199 |title=Einstein in Time and Space: A Life in 99 Particles |date=14 November 2023 |publisher=Simon and Schuster |isbn=978-1-9821-8512-1 |edition=1 |location=New York |pages=199 |language=en}}</ref> Estella Katzenellenbogen (the rich owner of a florist business), Toni Mendel (a wealthy Jewish widow) and Ethel Michanowski (a Berlin socialite), with whom he spent time and from whom he accepted gifts while married to L\u00f6wenthal.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna13804030|title=New letters shed light on Einstein's love life|date=11 July 2006|publisher=NBC News|access-date=15 August 2020|archive-date=22 February 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200222022647/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/13804030/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/new-letters-shed-light-einsteins-love-life|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/albert-einstein-may-have-had-the-iq-but-he-needed-to-work-on-his-eq/articleshow/64849211.cms?from=mdr|title=Albert Einstein may have had the IQ, but he needed to work on his EQ|newspaper=The Economic Times|access-date=15 August 2020|archive-date=8 February 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210208134808/https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/magazines/panache/albert-einstein-may-have-had-the-iq-but-he-needed-to-work-on-his-eq/articleshow/64849211.cms?from=mdr|url-status=live}}</ref> After being widowed, Einstein was briefly in a relationship with Margarita Konenkova, thought by some to be a Russian spy; her husband, the Russian sculptor [[Sergei Konenkov]], created the bronze bust of Einstein at the [[Institute for Advanced Study]] at Princeton.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/01/us/love-letters-by-einstein-at-auction.html|title=Love Letters By Einstein at Auction|first=Robin|last=Pogrebin|newspaper=The New York Times|date=1 June 1998|access-date=10 August 2020|archive-date=7 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201107053956/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/06/01/us/love-letters-by-einstein-at-auction.html|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/einsteins-letters-show-affair-with-spy-1162418.html|title=Einstein's letters show affair with spy|date=2 June 1998|website=The Independent|access-date=10 November 2020|archive-date=16 November 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201116013010/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/einsteins-letters-show-affair-with-spy-1162418.html|url-status=live}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Following an episode of acute mental illness at about the age of twenty, Einstein's son Eduard was diagnosed with [[schizophrenia]].<ref name=\"Robinson2015a\"/> He spent the remainder of his life either in the care of his mother or in temporary confinement in an asylum. After her death, he was committed permanently to [[Burgh\u00f6lzli]], the Psychiatric University Hospital in Zurich.{{sfnp|Neffe|2007|p=[https://archive.org/details/einsteinbiograph00neff/page/203 203]}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">=== Assistant at the Swiss Patent Office (1902\u20131909)===</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:Einstein patentoffice full (cropped).jpg|alt=Head and shoulders shot of a young, mustached man with dark, curly hair wearing a plaid suit and vest, striped shirt, and a dark tie.|thumb|upright=1|Einstein at the [[Swiss patent office]], 1904]] Einstein graduated from the federal polytechnic school in 1900, duly certified as competent to teach mathematics and physics.<ref>Stachel, et al (2008). Vol. 1 (1987), doc. 67.</ref> His successful acquisition of Swiss citizenship in February 1901{{Sfnp|F\u00f6lsing|1997|p=82}} was not followed by the usual sequel of [[conscription in Switzerland|conscription]]; the Swiss authorities deemed him medically unfit for military service. He found that Swiss schools too appeared to have no use for him, failing to offer him a teaching position despite the almost two years that he spent applying for one. Eventually it was with the help of [[Marcel Grossmann]]'s father that he secured a post in [[Bern]] at the [[Swiss Patent Office]],<ref name=\"ODY5p\"/>{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=63}} as an [[Patent examiner|assistant examiner \u2013 level III]].<ref name=\"MeZPN\"/><ref name=\"IGEFAQ\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Patent application]]s that landed on Einstein's desk for his evaluation included ideas for a gravel sorter and an electric typewriter.<ref name=\"IGEFAQ\"/> His employers were pleased enough with his work to make his position permanent in 1903, although they did not think that he should be promoted until he had \"fully mastered machine technology\".{{sfnp|Galison|2000|p=370}} It is conceivable that his labors at the patent office had a bearing on his development of his special theory of relativity. He arrived at his revolutionary ideas about space, time and light through thought experiments about the transmission of signals and the synchronization of clocks, matters which also figured in some of the inventions submitted to him for assessment.{{sfnp|Galison|2000|p=377}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In 1902, Einstein and some friends whom he had met in Bern formed a group that held regular meetings to discuss science and philosophy. Their choice of a name for their club, the [[Olympia Academy]], was an ironic comment upon its far from Olympian status. Sometimes they were joined by Mari\u0107, who limited her participation in their proceedings to careful listening.{{Sfnp|Highfield|Carter|1993|pp=96\u201398}} The thinkers whose works they reflected upon included [[Henri Poincar\u00e9]], [[Ernst Mach]] and [[David Hume]], all of whom significantly influenced Einstein's own subsequent ideas and beliefs.{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=79\u201384}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">=== First scientific papers (1900\u20131905)===</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:Einstein thesis.png|thumb|upright|alt=Cover image of the PhD dissertation of Albert Einstein|Einstein's 1905 dissertation, {{shy|''Eine neue Be|stimm|ung der Mol|e|k\u00fcl|di|men|si|onen'' (\"A new deter|mi|na|tion of mo|lec|u|lar di|men|sions\")}}]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein's first paper, [[List of scientific publications by Albert Einstein#Journal articles|\"Folgerungen aus den Capillarit\u00e4tserscheinungen\"]] (\"Conclusions drawn from the phenomena of capillarity\"), in which he proposed a model of intermolecular attraction that he afterwards disavowed as worthless, was published in the journal ''[[Annalen der Physik]]'' in 1901.<ref name=\"Einstein 1901\">Einstein (1901).</ref><ref>{{cite journal</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> | last1 = Murrell | first1 = J. N.</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> | last2 = Grobert | first2 = N.</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> | date = January 2002</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> | doi = 10.1098/rsnr.2002.0169</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> | issue = 1</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> | journal = Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> | jstor = 532124</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> | pages = 89\u201394</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> | title = The centenary of Einstein's first scientific paper</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> | volume = 56}}</ref> His 24-page doctoral dissertation also addressed a topic in molecular physics. Titled \"Eine neue Bestimmung der Molek\u00fcldimensionen\" (\"A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions\") and dedicated \"Meinem Freunde Herr Dr. Marcel Grossmann gewidmet\" (to his friend Marcel Grossman), it was completed on 30 April 1905<ref name=1905b>Einstein (1905b).</ref> and approved by Professor [[Alfred Kleiner]] of the University of Zurich three months later. (Einstein was formally awarded his PhD on 15 January 1906.)<ref name=1905b/><ref>Einstein (1926b). ''A New Determination of Molecular Dimensions''.</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Mehra |first=Jagdish |url={{GBurl|id=o1XVCgAAQBAJ}} |title=Golden Age Of Theoretical Physics, The (Boxed Set Of 2 Vols) |date=28 February 2001 |publisher=World Scientific |isbn=978-981-4492-85-0 |language=en}}</ref> Four other pieces of work that Einstein completed in 1905\u2014[[Annus mirabilis papers|his famous papers]] on the [[photoelectric effect]], [[Brownian motion]], his [[special theory of relativity]] and the [[equivalence of mass and energy]]\u2014have led to the year being celebrated as an ''annus mirabilis'' for physics akin to the miracle year of 1666 when [[Isaac Newton]] experienced his greatest epiphanies. The publications deeply impressed Einstein's contemporaries.<ref>{{cite book |last1=May |first1=Andrew |editor1-last=Clegg |editor1-first=Brian |title=Albert Einstein, in 30-Second Physics: The 50 most fundamental concepts in physics, each explained in half a minute |date=2017 |publisher=Ivy Press |location=London |isbn=978-1-78240-514-6 |pages=108\u2013109}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">=== Academic career in Europe (1908\u20131933)===</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein's sabbatical as a civil servant approached its end in 1908, when he secured a junior teaching position at the [[University of Bern]]. In 1909, a lecture on relativistic [[electrodynamics]] that he gave at the University of Zurich, much admired by [[Alfred Kleiner]], led to Zurich's luring him away from Bern with a newly created associate professorship.<ref name=\"bG2yp\"/> Promotion to a full professorship followed in April 1911, when he took up a chair at the German [[Charles-Ferdinand University]] in [[Prague]],{{sfnp|Gordin|2020|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=oJ27DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA45 45]}} a move which required him to become an [[Cisleithania|Austrian]] citizen of the [[Austro-Hungarian Empire]], which was not completed.{{sfnp|Gordin|2020|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=oJ27DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA14 20]}} His time in Prague saw him producing eleven research papers.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Lyth |first=David |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pRaGDwAAQBAJ&dq=%22Einstein%22+%22Prague%22+%22Eleven%22&pg=PA122 |title=The Road to Einstein's Relativity: Following in the Footsteps of the Giants |date=31 January 2019 |publisher=CRC Press |isbn=978-0-429-68268-1 |language=en}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:ETH-BIB-Einstein, Albert und Kollegen am Physik-Labor ETH-Portrait-Portr 10750.tif|thumb|Einstein with colleagues at the [[ETH]] in [[Zurich]], 1913|upright=1.1]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">From 30 October to 3 November 1911, Einstein attended the first [[Solvay Conference#First conference|Solvay Conference on Physics]].<ref>Paul Langevin and Maurice de Broglie, eds., [https://archive.org/details/lathoriedurayo00inst ''La th\u00e9orie du rayonnement et les quanta. Rapports et discussions de la r\u00e9union tenue \u00e0 Bruxelles, du 30 octobre au 3 novembre 1911, sous les auspices de M. E. Solvay'']. Paris: {{ill|Gauthier-Villars|fr}}, 1912. See also: The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, Vol. 3: Writings 1909\u20131911, Doc. 26, p. 402 (English translation supplement).</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In July 1912, he returned to his ''alma mater'', the [[ETH Zurich]], to take up a chair in theoretical physics. His teaching activities there centered on [[thermodynamics]] and analytical mechanics, and his research interests included the molecular theory of heat, [[continuum mechanics]] and the development of a relativistic theory of gravitation. In his work on the latter topic, he was assisted by his friend Marcel Grossmann, whose knowledge of the kind of mathematics required was greater than his own.<ref name=\"hXQin\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In the spring of 1913, two German visitors, [[Max Planck]] and [[Walther Nernst]], called upon Einstein in Zurich in the hope of persuading him to relocate to Berlin.{{Sfnp|Stachel|2002|p=534}} They offered him membership of the [[Prussian Academy of Sciences]], the directorship of the planned [[Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics]] and a chair at the [[Humboldt University of Berlin]] that would allow him to pursue his research supported by a professorial salary but with no teaching duties to burden him.<ref name=dh/> Their invitation was all the more appealing to him because Berlin happened to be the home of his latest girlfriend, Elsa L\u00f6wenthal.{{Sfnp|Stachel|2002|p=534}} He duly joined the Academy on 24 July 1913,<ref name=\"jstor.org\">{{Cite web |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1687520 |title=Albert Einstein: His Influence on Physics, Philosophy and Politics JL Heilbron \u2013 1982, Published by: American Association for the Advancement of Science |jstor=1687520 |access-date=22 November 2021 |archive-date=22 November 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122130724/https://www.jstor.org/stable/1687520 |url-status=live }}</ref> and moved into an apartment in the Berlin district of [[Dahlem (Berlin)|Dahlem]] on 1 April 1914.<ref name=dh/> He was installed in his Humboldt University position shortly thereafter.<ref name=\"jstor.org\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:Berliner Physiker u Chemiker 1920.jpg|thumb|right|upright=1.1|Einstein with other physicists and chemists in Berlin, 1920]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">The outbreak of the [[First World War]] in July 1914 marked the beginning of Einstein's gradual estrangement from the nation of his birth. When the \"[[Manifesto of the Ninety-Three]]\" was published in October 1914\u2014a document signed by a host of prominent German thinkers that justified Germany's belligerence\u2014Einstein was one of the few German intellectuals to distance himself from it and sign the alternative, eirenic \"[[Manifesto to the Europeans]]\" instead.{{sfnp|Scheideler|2002|p=333}} However, this expression of his doubts about German policy did not prevent him from being elected to a two-year term as president of the [[German Physical Society]] in 1916.{{sfnp|Calaprice|Lipscombe|2005|loc=[{{GBurl|id=5eWh2O_3OAQC|pg=PR19}} \"Timeline\", p. xix]}} When the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physics opened its doors the following year\u2014its foundation delayed because of the war\u2014Einstein was appointed its first director, just as Planck and Nernst had promised.<ref name=\"EXcH6\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein was elected a Foreign Member of the [[Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences]] in 1920,<ref name=\"3gcYy\"/> and a [[List of Fellows of the Royal Society elected in 1921|Foreign Member of the Royal Society in 1921]]. In 1922, he was awarded the 1921 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] \"for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\".<ref name=\"Nobel Prize\"/> At this point some physicists still regarded the general theory of relativity skeptically, and the Nobel citation displayed a degree of doubt even about the work on photoelectricity that it acknowledged: it did not assent to Einstein's notion of the particulate nature of light, which only won over the entire scientific community when [[S. N. Bose]] derived the [[Planck spectrum]] in 1924. That same year, Einstein was elected an International Honorary Member of the [[American Academy of Arts and Sciences]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=9 February 2023 |title=Albert Einstein |url=https://www.amacad.org/person/albert-einstein |access-date=13 July 2023 |website=American Academy of Arts & Sciences |language=en |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240221194114/https://www.amacad.org/person/albert-einstein |archive-date=21 February 2024}}</ref> Britain's closest equivalent of the Nobel award, the [[Royal Society]]'s [[Copley Medal]], was not hung around Einstein's neck until 1925.<ref name=\"frs\"/> He was elected an International Member of the [[American Philosophical Society]] in 1930.<ref>{{Cite web |title=APS Member History |url=https://search.amphilsoc.org/memhist/search?creator=Albert+Einstein&title=&subject=&subdiv=&mem=&year=&year-max=&dead=&keyword=&smode=advanced |access-date=13 July 2023 |website=search.amphilsoc.org}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein resigned from the Prussian Academy in March 1933. His accomplishments in Berlin had included the completion of the general theory of relativity, proving the [[Einstein\u2013de Haas effect]], contributing to the quantum theory of radiation, and the development of [[Bose\u2013Einstein statistics]].<ref name=dh/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">=== Putting general relativity to the test (1919)===</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:19191125 A New Physics Based on Einstein - The New York Times.png|thumb|right| ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported confirmation of the bending of light by gravitation after observations (made in [[Pr\u00edncipe]] and [[Sobral, Cear\u00e1|Sobral]]) of the 29 May 1919 eclipse were presented to a joint meeting in London of the [[Royal Society]] and the [[Royal Astronomical Society]] on 6 November 1919.<ref name=\"NYTimes_19191125\"/>]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In 1907, Einstein reached a milestone on his long journey from his special theory of relativity to a new idea of gravitation with the formulation of his [[equivalence principle]], which asserts that an observer in a box falling freely in a gravitational field would be unable to find any evidence that the field exists. In 1911, he used the principle to estimate the amount by which a ray of light from a distant star would be [[Gravitational lens|bent]] by the gravitational pull of the Sun as it passed close to the Sun's [[photosphere]] (that is, the Sun's apparent surface). He reworked his calculation in 1913, having now found a way to model gravitation with the [[Riemann curvature tensor]] of a non-Euclidean four-dimensional [[spacetime]]. By the fall of 1915, his reimagining of the mathematics of gravitation in terms of Riemannian geometry was complete, and he applied his new theory not just to the behavior of the Sun as a gravitational lens but also to another astronomical phenomenon, the [[precession of the perihelion of Mercury]] (a slow drift in the point in Mercury's elliptical orbit at which it approaches the Sun most closely).<ref name=dh/><ref>{{cite book |last1=Weinberg |first1=Steven |title=Gravitation and Cosmology: Principles and applications of the general theory of relativity |date=1972 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons, Inc. |isbn=9788126517558 |pages=19\u201320}}</ref> A [[Solar eclipse of May 29, 1919|total eclipse of the Sun that took place on 29 May 1919]] provided an opportunity to put his theory of gravitational lensing to the test, and observations performed by Sir [[Arthur Eddington]] yielded results that were consistent with his calculations. Eddington's work was reported at length in newspapers around the world. On 7 November 1919, for example, the leading British newspaper, ''[[The Times]]'', printed a banner headline that read: \"Revolution in Science{{spaces}}\u2013 New Theory of the Universe{{spaces}}\u2013 Newtonian Ideas Overthrown\".<ref name=\"Eddington\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">=== Coming to terms with fame (1921\u20131923)===</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:Albert Einstein (Nobel).png|thumb|upright|left|Einstein's official portrait after receiving the 1921 [[Nobel Prize]] for Physics]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">With Eddington's eclipse observations widely reported not just in academic journals but by the popular press as well, Einstein became \"perhaps the world's first celebrity scientist\", a genius who had shattered a paradigm that had been basic to physicists' understanding of the universe since the seventeenth century.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/how-celebrity-scientist-albert-einstein-used-fame-denounce-american-racism-180962356/|last=Francis|first=Matthew|title=How Albert Einstein Used His Fame to Denounce American Racism|date=3 March 2017|publisher=Smithsonian Magazine}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein began his new life as an intellectual icon in America, where he arrived on 2 April 1921. He was welcomed to New York City by Mayor [[John Francis Hylan]], and then spent three weeks giving lectures and attending receptions.<ref>{{Cite magazine |last=Falk |first=Dan |date=2 April 2021 |title=One Hundred Years Ago, Einstein Was Given a Hero's Welcome by America's Jews |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/one-hundred-years-ago-einstein-was-given-heros-welcome-americas-jews-180977386/ |access-date=14 March 2025 |magazine=[[Smithsonian Magazine]]}}</ref> He spoke several times at [[Columbia University]] and [[Princeton]], and in Washington, he visited the [[White House]] with representatives of the [[National Academy of Sciences]]. He returned to Europe via London, where he was the guest of the philosopher and statesman [[Viscount Haldane]]. He used his time in the British capital to meet several people prominent in British scientific, political or intellectual life, and to deliver a lecture at [[King's College London|King's College]].{{Sfnp|Hoffmann|1972|pp=145\u2013148}}{{Sfnp|F\u00f6lsing|1997|pp=499\u2013508}} In July 1921, he published an essay, \"My First Impression of the U.S.A.\", in which he sought to sketch the American character, much as had [[Alexis de Tocqueville]] in ''[[Democracy in America]]'' (1835).<ref name=\"7gwHd\"/> He wrote of his transatlantic hosts in highly approving terms: \"What strikes a visitor is the joyous, positive attitude to life ... The American is friendly, self-confident, optimistic, and without envy.\"{{sfnp|Holton|1984|p=20}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In 1922, Einstein's travels were to the old world rather than the new. He devoted six months to a tour of Asia that saw him speaking in Japan, Singapore and Sri Lanka (then known as [[Ceylon]]). After his first public lecture in Tokyo, he met [[Emperor Yoshihito]] and his wife at the [[Tokyo Imperial Palace|Imperial Palace]], with thousands of spectators thronging the streets in the hope of catching a glimpse of him. (In a letter to his sons, he wrote that Japanese people seemed to him to be generally modest, intelligent and considerate, and to have a true appreciation of art.{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p= 307\u2013308}} But his picture of them in his diary was less flattering: \"[the] intellectual needs of this nation seem to be weaker than their artistic ones \u2013 natural disposition?\" His journal also contains views of China and India which were uncomplimentary. Of Chinese people, he wrote that \"even the children are spiritless and look obtuse... It would be a pity if these Chinese supplant all other races. For the likes of us the mere thought is unspeakably dreary\".<ref name=\"38YkY\"/><ref>{{Cite web|last=Katz|first=Brigit|title=Einstein's Travel Diaries Reveal His Deeply Troubling Views on Race|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/einsteins-travel-diaries-reveal-his-deeply-troubling-views-race-180969387/|access-date=3 January 2021|website=Smithsonian Magazine|language=en|archive-date=25 December 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201225201826/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/einsteins-travel-diaries-reveal-his-deeply-troubling-views-race-180969387/|url-status=live}}</ref>) He was greeted with even greater enthusiasm on the last leg of his tour, in which he spent twelve days in [[Mandatory Palestine]], newly entrusted to British rule by the [[League of Nations]] in the aftermath of the First World War. [[Sir Herbert Samuel]], the British High Commissioner, welcomed him with a degree of ceremony normally only accorded to a visiting head of state, including a cannon salute. One reception held in his honor was stormed by people determined to hear him speak: he told them that he was happy that Jews were beginning to be recognized as a force in the world.{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p= 307\u2013308}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein's decision to tour the eastern hemisphere in 1922 meant that he was unable to go to [[Stockholm]] in the December of that year to participate in the Nobel prize ceremony. His place at the traditional Nobel banquet was taken by a German diplomat, who gave a speech praising him not only as a physicist but also as a campaigner for peace.<ref name=\"oxak7\"/> A two-week visit to Spain that he undertook in 1923 saw him collecting another award, a membership of the Spanish Academy of Sciences signified by a diploma handed to him by King [[Alfonso XIII]]. (His Spanish trip also gave him a chance to meet a fellow Nobel laureate, the neuroanatomist [[Santiago Ram\u00f3n y Cajal]].)<ref name=\"w74nv\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">=== Serving the League of Nations (1922\u20131932)===</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:League of Nations Commission 067.tif|thumb|Einstein at a session of the [[International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation]] ([[League of Nations]]) of which he was a member from 1922 to 1932]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">From 1922 until 1932, with the exception of a few months in 1923 and 1924, Einstein was a member of the Geneva-based [[International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation]] of the [[League of Nations]], a group set up by the League to encourage scientists, artists, scholars, teachers and other people engaged in the life of the mind to work more closely with their counterparts in other countries.<ref name=\"Q5hgx\"/><ref name=\"vNNnX\"/> He was appointed as a German delegate rather than as a representative of Switzerland because of the machinations of two Catholic activists, [[Oskar Halecki]] and [[Giuseppe Motta]]. By persuading Secretary General [[Eric Drummond]] to deny Einstein the place on the committee reserved for a Swiss thinker, they created an opening for [[Gonzague de Reynold]], who used his League of Nations position as a platform from which to promote traditional Catholic doctrine.<ref name=\"e9Xyh\"/> Einstein's former physics professor [[Hendrik Lorentz]] and the Polish chemist [[Marie Curie]] were also members of the committee.<ref>{{cite journal |title=The Committee on Intellectual Cooperation of the League of Nations |journal=Science |date=6 August 1926 |volume=64 |issue=1649 |pages=132\u2013133 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1651869 |access-date=30 May 2022 |publisher=American Association for the Advancement of Science|doi=10.1126/science.64.1649.132.b |jstor=1651869 |s2cid=239778182 }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">=== Touring South America (1925) ===</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In March and April 1925, Einstein and his wife visited South America, where they spent about a week in Brazil, a week in Uruguay and a month in Argentina.<ref>{{cite book|doi=10.1007/978-0-8176-4940-1_6|chapter=Science and Ideology in Einstein's Visit to South America in 1925|editor= Lehner, Christoph|editor2=Renn, J\u00fcrgen|editor3=Schemmel, Matthias|title=Einstein and the Changing Worldviews of Physics|year=2012|last1=Tolmasquim|first1=Alfredo Tiomno|pages=117\u2013133|isbn=978-0-8176-4939-5}}</ref> Their tour was suggested by Jorge Duclout (1856\u20131927) and Mauricio Nirenstein (1877\u20131935)<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1017/S0269889708001853|title=Einstein's Unpublished Opening Lecture for His Course on Relativity Theory in Argentina, 1925|year=2008|last1=Gangui|first1=Alejandro|last2=Ortiz|first2=Eduardo L.|journal=Science in Context|volume=21|issue=3|pages=435\u2013450|arxiv=0903.2064|s2cid=54920641}}</ref> with the support of several Argentine scholars, including [[Julio Rey Pastor]], [[Jakob Laub]], and [[Leopoldo Lugones]]. and was financed primarily by the Council of the [[University of Buenos Aires]] and the ''Asociaci\u00f3n Hebraica Argentina'' (Argentine Hebraic Association) with a smaller contribution from the Argentine-Germanic Cultural Institution.<ref>{{cite arXiv|eprint=1603.03792|last1=Gangui|first1=Alejandro|last2=Ortiz|first2=Eduardo L.|title=The scientific impact of Einstein's visit to Argentina, in 1925|year=2016|class=physics.hist-ph}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">=== Touring the US (1930\u20131931) ===</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:Albert_Einstein_writing_on_a_blackboard_in_Pasadena_(1931).jpg|thumb|upright=.8|Einstein in [[Pasadena, California]], 1931]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In December 1930, Einstein began another significant sojourn in the United States, drawn back to the US by the offer of a two month research fellowship at the [[California Institute of Technology]]. Caltech supported him in his wish that he should not be exposed to quite as much attention from the media as he had experienced when visiting the US in 1921, and he therefore declined all the invitations to receive prizes or make speeches that his admirers poured down upon him. But he remained willing to allow his fans at least some of the time with him that they requested.{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=368}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">After arriving in New York City, Einstein was taken to various places and events, including [[Chinatown, Manhattan|Chinatown]], a lunch with the editors of ''The New York Times'', and a performance of ''[[Carmen]]'' at the [[Metropolitan Opera]], where he was cheered by the audience on his arrival. During the days following, he was given the keys to the city by Mayor [[Jimmy Walker]] and met [[Nicholas Murray Butler]], the president of [[Columbia University]], who described Einstein as \"the ruling monarch of the mind\".{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=370}} [[Harry Emerson Fosdick]], pastor at New York's [[Riverside Church]], gave Einstein a tour of the church and showed him a full-size statue that the church made of Einstein, standing at the entrance.{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=370}} Also during his stay in New York, he joined a crowd of 15,000 people at [[Madison Square Garden (1925)|Madison Square Garden]] during a [[Hanukkah]] celebration.{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=370}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:Albert Einstein and Charlie Chaplin City Lights premiere 1931.jpg|thumb|upright=.9|left|Einstein with [[Charlie Chaplin]] at the [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]] premiere of Chaplin's ''[[City Lights]]'', January 1931]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein next traveled to California, where he met [[Caltech]] president and Nobel laureate [[Robert A. Millikan]]. His friendship with Millikan was \"awkward\", as Millikan \"had a penchant for patriotic militarism\", where Einstein was a pronounced [[pacifist]].{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=373}} During an address to Caltech's students, Einstein noted that science was often inclined to do more harm than good.{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=374}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">This aversion to war also led Einstein to befriend author [[Upton Sinclair]] and film star [[Charlie Chaplin]], both noted for their pacifism. [[Carl Laemmle]], head of [[Universal Pictures|Universal Studios]], gave Einstein a tour of his studio and introduced him to Chaplin. They had an instant rapport, with Chaplin inviting Einstein and his wife, Elsa, to his home for dinner. Chaplin said Einstein's outward persona, calm and gentle, seemed to conceal a \"highly emotional temperament\", from which came his \"extraordinary intellectual energy\".{{sfnp|Chaplin|1964|p=320}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Chaplin's film ''[[City Lights]]'' was to premiere a few days later in Hollywood, and Chaplin invited Einstein and Elsa to join him as his special guests. [[Walter Isaacson]], Einstein's biographer, described this as \"one of the most memorable scenes in the new era of celebrity\".{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=374}} Chaplin visited Einstein at his home on a later trip to Berlin and recalled his \"modest little flat\" and the piano at which he had begun writing his theory. Chaplin speculated that it was \"possibly used as kindling wood by the Nazis\".{{sfnp|Chaplin|1964|p=322}} Einstein and Chaplin were cheered at the premiere of the film. Chaplin said to Einstein, \"They cheer me because they understand me, and they cheer you because no one understands you.\"{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=374}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">=== Emigration to the US (1933) ===</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:Einstein-cartoon1.jpg|thumb|upright|alt=Cartoon of Einstein, who has shed his \"Pacifism\" wings, standing next to a pillar labeled \"World Peace\". He is rolling up his sleeves and holding a sword labeled \"Preparedness\".|Cartoon of Einstein after shedding his \"pacifism\" wings ([[Charles R. Macauley]], {{circa|1933}})]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In February 1933, while on a visit to the United States, Einstein knew he could not return to Germany with the rise to power of the [[Nazi Germany|Nazis]] under Germany's new chancellor, [[Adolf Hitler]].{{Sfnp|F\u00f6lsing|1997|p=659}}{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p= 404}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">While at American universities in early 1933, he undertook his third two-month visiting professorship at the [[California Institute of Technology]] in Pasadena. In February and March 1933, the [[Gestapo]] repeatedly raided his family's apartment in Berlin.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Albert Einstein Quits Germany, Renounces Citizenship|url=https://newspapers.ushmm.org/events/albert-einstein-quits-germany-renounces-citizenship|access-date=14 March 2021|website=History Unfolded: US Newspapers and the Holocaust|language=en|archive-date=17 April 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210417085304/https://newspapers.ushmm.org/events/albert-einstein-quits-germany-renounces-citizenship|url-status=live}}</ref> He and his wife Elsa returned to Europe in March, and during the trip, they learned that the German Reichstag had passed the [[Enabling Act of 1933|Enabling Act]] on 23 March, transforming Hitler's government into a ''de facto'' legal dictatorship, and that they would not be able to proceed to Berlin. Later on, they heard that their cottage had been raided by the Nazis and Einstein's personal sailboat confiscated. Upon landing in [[Antwerp]], Belgium on 28 March, Einstein immediately went to the German consulate and surrendered his passport, formally renouncing his German citizenship.{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=405}} The Nazis later sold his boat and converted his cottage into a [[Hitler Youth]] camp.<ref name=\"el4GB\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">==== Refugee status ====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:Einstein's landing card (5706142737).jpg|thumb|Landing card for Einstein's 26 May 1933 arrival in [[Dover]], England from [[Ostend]], Belgium,<ref name=\"robinson19\"/> enroute to [[Oxford]]<ref name=\"robinson24\">{{cite book| first=Andrew | last=Robinson | author-link=W. Andrew Robinson | title=Einstein in Oxford | date=2024 | publisher=[[Bodleian Library Publishing]] | isbn=978-1-85124-638-0 }}</ref>]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In April 1933, Einstein discovered that the new German government had passed [[Law for the Restoration of the Professional Civil Service|laws barring Jews from holding any official positions]], including teaching at universities.{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=407\u2013410}} Historian [[Gerald Holton]] describes how, with \"virtually no audible protest being raised by their colleagues\", thousands of Jewish scientists were suddenly forced to give up their university positions and their names were removed from the rolls of institutions where they were employed.{{sfnp|Holton|1984|p=18}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">A month later, Einstein's works were among those targeted by the [[German Student Union]] in the [[Nazi book burnings]], with Nazi propaganda minister [[Joseph Goebbels]] proclaiming, \"Jewish intellectualism is dead.\" One German magazine included him in a list of enemies of the German regime with the phrase, \"not yet hanged\", offering a $5,000 bounty on his head.{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=407\u2013410}}<ref name=\"Jerome\" /> In a subsequent letter to physicist and friend [[Max Born]], who had already emigrated from Germany to England, Einstein wrote, \"...{{spaces}}I must confess that the degree of their brutality and cowardice came as something of a surprise.\"{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=407\u2013410}} After moving to the US, he described the book burnings as a \"spontaneous emotional outburst\" by those who \"shun popular enlightenment\", and \"more than anything else in the world, fear the influence of men of intellectual independence\".<ref>Einstein (1954), p. 197.</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein was now without a permanent home, unsure where he would live and work, and equally worried about the fate of countless other scientists still in Germany. Aided by the [[Academic Assistance Council]], founded in April 1933 by British Liberal politician [[William Beveridge]] to help academics escape Nazi persecution, Einstein was able to leave Germany.<ref name=\"Albert Hall\">{{cite web |url=https://www.royalalberthall.com/about-the-hall/news/2013/october/3-october-1933-albert-einstein-speaks-at-the-hall/ |title=3 October 1933 \u2013 Albert Einstein presents his final speech given in Europe, at the Royal Albert Hall |last=Keyte |first=Suzanne |date=9 October 2013 |website=Royal Albert Hall |access-date=20 June 2022}}</ref> He rented a house in De Haan, Belgium, where he lived for a few months. In late July 1933, he visited England for about six weeks at the invitation of the British Member of Parliament Commander [[Oliver Locker-Lampson]], who had become friends with him in the preceding years.<ref name=\"robinson19\">{{cite book| first=Andrew | last=Robinson | author-link=W. Andrew Robinson | title=[[Einstein on the Run]] | publisher=[[Yale University Press]] | isbn=978-0-300-23476-3 | date=2019 }}</ref> Locker-Lampson invited him to stay near his [[Cromer]] home in a secluded wooden cabin on Roughton Heath in the Parish of [[Roughton, Norfolk]]. To protect Einstein, Locker-Lampson had two bodyguards watch over him; a photo of them carrying shotguns and guarding Einstein was published in the ''Daily Herald'' on 24 July 1933.{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=422}}{{Rp| }}<ref name=\"3zIp7\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:Churchill and Einstein in 1933.jpg|thumb|[[Winston Churchill]] and Einstein at [[Chartwell]] House, 31 May 1933]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Locker-Lampson took Einstein to meet [[Winston Churchill]] at his home, and later, [[Austen Chamberlain]] and former Prime Minister [[Lloyd George]].{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p= 419\u2013420}} Einstein asked them to help bring Jewish scientists out of Germany. British historian [[Martin Gilbert]] notes that Churchill responded immediately, and sent his friend physicist [[Frederick Lindemann]] to Germany to seek out Jewish scientists and place them in British universities.<ref name=\"Gilbert\" /> Churchill later observed that as a result of Germany having driven the Jews out, they had lowered their \"technical standards\" and put [[Allies of World War II|the Allies]]' technology ahead of theirs.<ref name=\"Gilbert\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein later contacted leaders of other nations, including Turkey's Prime Minister, [[\u0130smet \u0130n\u00f6n\u00fc]], to whom he wrote in September 1933, requesting placement of unemployed German-Jewish scientists. As a result of Einstein's letter, Jewish invitees to Turkey eventually totaled over \"1,000 saved individuals\".<ref name=\"aDu8s\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Locker-Lampson also submitted a bill to parliament to extend British citizenship to Einstein, during which period Einstein made a number of public appearances describing the crisis brewing in Europe.{{Sfnp|Clark|1971}} In one of his speeches he denounced Germany's treatment of Jews, while at the same time he introduced a bill promoting Jewish citizenship in Palestine, as they were being denied citizenship elsewhere.<ref name=\"AP\" /> In his speech he described Einstein as a \"citizen of the world\" who should be offered a temporary shelter in the UK.<ref group=note name=\"gnriE\" /><ref name=\"Guardian\" /> Both bills failed, however, and Einstein then accepted an earlier offer from the [[Institute for Advanced Study]], in [[Princeton, New Jersey]], US, to become a resident scholar.{{Sfnp|Clark|1971}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">==== Resident scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study ====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:Einstein-formal portrait-35 (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Portrait of Einstein taken in 1935 at [[Princeton University|Princeton]]]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">On 3 October 1933, Einstein delivered a speech on the importance of academic freedom before a packed audience at the [[Royal Albert Hall]] in London, with ''[[The Times]]'' reporting he was wildly cheered throughout.<ref name=\"Albert Hall\"/> Four days later he returned to the US and took up a position at the [[Institute for Advanced Study]],{{Sfnp|Clark|1971}}{{Sfnp|F\u00f6lsing|1997|pp=649, 678}} noted for having become a refuge for scientists fleeing [[Nazi Germany]].<ref name=\"Arntzenius2011\"/> At the time, most American universities, including Harvard, Princeton and Yale, had minimal or no Jewish faculty or students, as a result of their [[Jewish quota]]s, which lasted until the late 1940s.<ref name=\"Arntzenius2011\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein was still undecided about his future. He had offers from several European universities, including [[Christ Church, Oxford]], where he stayed for three short periods between May 1931 and June 1933<ref name=\"robinson24\"/> and was offered a five-year research [[fellowship]] (called a \"[[studentship]]\" at Christ Church),<ref name=\"FFt5E\"/><ref name=\"v8v06\"/> but in 1935, he arrived at the decision to remain permanently in the United States and apply for citizenship.{{Sfnp|Clark|1971}}{{Sfnp|F\u00f6lsing|1997|pp=686\u2013687}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein's affiliation with the Institute for Advanced Study would last until his death in 1955.<ref name=\"mzNc5\"/> He was one of the four first selected (along with [[John von Neumann]], [[Kurt G\u00f6del]] and [[Hermann Weyl]]<ref>{{cite book |last1=Weyl |first1=Hermann |editor1-last=Pesic |editor1-first=Peter |title=Levels of Infinity: Selected Writings on Mathematics and Philosophy |date=2013 |publisher=Dover Publications |isbn=9780486266930 |page=5 |url={{GBurl|id=Dd-vAAAAQBAJ}} |access-date=30 May 2022 |quote=By 1933, Weyl... left for the newly-founded Institute for Advanced Studies at Princeton, where his colleagues included Einstein, Kurt G\u00f6del, and John von Neumann.}}</ref>) at the new Institute. He soon developed a close friendship with G\u00f6del; the two would take long walks together discussing their work. [[Bruria Kaufman]], his assistant, later became a physicist. During this period, Einstein tried to develop a [[unified field theory]] and to refute the [[Copenhagen interpretation|accepted interpretation]] of [[quantum physics]], both unsuccessfully. He lived in Princeton at his home from 1935 onwards. The [[Albert Einstein House]] was made a [[National Historic Landmark]] in 1976.</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">==== World War II and the Manhattan Project ====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{See also|Einstein\u2013Szil\u00e1rd letter}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:Einstein-Roosevelt-letter.png|thumb|upright=1.4|Facsimile of the [[Einstein\u2013Szilard letter]]]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In 1939, a group of Hungarian scientists that included \u00e9migr\u00e9 physicist [[Le\u00f3 Szil\u00e1rd]] attempted to alert [[Washington, D.C.]] to ongoing Nazi atomic bomb research. The group's warnings were discounted. Einstein and Szil\u00e1rd, along with other refugees such as [[Edward Teller]] and [[Eugene Wigner]], \"regarded it as their responsibility to alert Americans to the possibility that German scientists might win the [[German nuclear energy project|race to build an atomic bomb]], and to warn that Hitler would be more than willing to resort to such a weapon.\"{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=630}}<ref name=\"o4fkQ\"/> To make certain the US was aware of the danger, in July 1939, a few months before the beginning of World War II in Europe, Szil\u00e1rd and Wigner visited Einstein to explain the possibility of atomic bombs, which Einstein, a pacifist, said he had never considered.<ref name=\"pRqWK\"/> He was asked to lend his support by writing [[Einstein\u2013Szilard letter|a letter]], with Szil\u00e1rd, to President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]], recommending the US pay attention and engage in its own nuclear weapons research.</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">The letter is believed to be \"arguably the key stimulus for the U.S. adoption of serious investigations into nuclear weapons on the eve of the U.S. entry into World War II\".<ref name=\"4Z68g\"/> In addition to the letter, Einstein used his connections with the [[Belgian royal family]]<ref name=\"eZym8\"/> and the Belgian queen mother to get access with a personal envoy to the White House's Oval Office. Some say that as a result of Einstein's letter and his meetings with Roosevelt, the US entered the \"race\" to develop the bomb, drawing on its \"immense material, financial, and scientific resources\" to initiate the [[Manhattan Project]].</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">For Einstein, \"war was a disease{{spaces}}... [and] he called for resistance to war.\" By signing the letter to Roosevelt, some argue he went against his pacifist principles.<ref name=\"z73PK\"/> In 1954, a year before his death, Einstein said to his old friend, [[Linus Pauling]], \"I made one great mistake in my life\u2014when I signed the letter to President Roosevelt recommending that atom bombs be made; but there was some justification\u2014the danger that the Germans would make them{{spaces}}...\"{{Sfnp|Clark|1971|p=752}} In 1955, Einstein and ten other intellectuals and scientists, including British philosopher [[Bertrand Russell]], signed [[Russell\u2013Einstein Manifesto|a manifesto]] highlighting the danger of nuclear weapons.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Einstein |first1=Albert |url=https://pugwash.org/1955/07/09/statement-manifesto/ |title=The Russell-Einstein Manifesto |last2=Russell |first2=Bertrand |date=9 July 1955 |publisher=Pugwash Conferences |location=London |access-date=9 June 2021 |archive-date=1 March 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200301114337/https://pugwash.org/1955/07/09/statement-manifesto/ |url-status=live}}</ref> In 1960 Einstein was included posthumously as a charter member of the [[World Academy of Art and Science]] (WAAS),<ref>{{cite book |last1=Boyko |first1=Hugo |title=Science and the Future of Mankind |publisher=Indiana University Press |page=377 |url=https://www.worldacademy.org/files/publications/Science%20and%20the%20Future%20of%20Mankind.pdf}}</ref> an organization founded by distinguished scientists and intellectuals who committed themselves to the responsible and ethical advances of science, particularly in light of the development of nuclear weapons.</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">==== US citizenship ====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:Citizen-Einstein.jpg|thumb|Einstein accepting a [[Citizenship of the United States|US citizenship]] certificate from judge [[Phillip Forman]] in 1940]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein became an American citizen in 1940. Not long after settling into his career at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey, he expressed his appreciation of the [[meritocracy]] in American culture compared to Europe. He recognized the \"right of individuals to say and think what they pleased\" without social barriers. As a result, individuals were encouraged, he said, to be more creative, a trait he valued from his early education.{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=432}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein joined the [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People]] (NAACP) in Princeton, where he campaigned for the [[Civil rights movement (1896\u20131954)|civil rights]] of African Americans. He considered racism America's \"worst disease\",<ref name=\"Jerome\" /><ref name=\"smithsonianmag\">{{cite news |url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/how-celebrity-scientist-albert-einstein-used-fame-denounce-american-racism-180962356 |title=How Albert Einstein Used His Fame to Denounce American Racism |first=Matthew |last=Francis |date=3 March 2017 |work=Smithsonian Magazine |access-date=10 February 2021 |archive-date=11 February 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210211150143/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/how-celebrity-scientist-albert-einstein-used-fame-denounce-american-racism-180962356/ |url-status=live }}</ref> seeing it as \"handed down from one generation to the next\".{{Sfnp|Calaprice|2005|pp=148\u2013149}} As part of his involvement, he corresponded with civil rights activist [[W. E. B. Du Bois]] and was prepared to testify on his behalf during his trial as an alleged foreign agent in 1951.{{sfnp|Robeson|2002|p=565}} When Einstein offered to be a character witness for Du Bois, the judge decided to drop the case.<ref name=\"civil\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In 1946, Einstein visited [[Lincoln University (Pennsylvania)|Lincoln University]] in Pennsylvania, a [[historically black college]], where he was awarded an honorary degree. Lincoln was the first university in the United States to grant college degrees to African Americans; alumni include [[Langston Hughes]] and [[Thurgood Marshall]]. Einstein gave a speech about racism in America, adding, \"I do not intend to be quiet about it.\"<ref name=\"Jerome_Isis\"/> A resident of Princeton recalls that Einstein had once paid the college tuition for a black student.<ref name=\"civil\"/> Einstein has said, \"Being a Jew myself, perhaps I can understand and empathize with how black people feel as victims of discrimination\".<ref name=\"smithsonianmag\"/> Isaacson writes that \"When [[Marian Anderson]], the black contralto, came to Princeton for a concert in 1937, the Nassau Inn refused her a room. So Einstein invited her to stay at his house on Main Street, in what was a deeply personal as well as symbolic gesture ... Whenever she returned to Princeton, she stayed with Einstein, her last visit coming just two months before he died.\"{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=445}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">=== Personal views ===</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">==== Political views ====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Main|Political views of Albert Einstein}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:Einstein Apr.1921 SS Rotterdam 32099.jpg|alt=Casual group shot of four men and two women standing on a brick pavement.|thumb|Albert Einstein and [[Elsa Einstein]] arriving in New York in 1921. Accompanying them are Zionist leaders [[Chaim Weizmann]] (future president of Israel), Weizmann's wife [[Vera Weizmann]], [[Menahem Ussishkin]], and Ben-Zion Mossinson.]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In 1918, Einstein was one of the signatories of the founding proclamation of the [[German Democratic Party]], a liberal party.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Tobies |first=Renate |url={{Google books|EDm0eQqFUQ4C|page=116|plainurl=yes}} |title=Iris Runge \u2013 A Life at the Crossroads of Mathematics, Science, and Industry |publisher=Birkh\u00e8auser |year=2012 |isbn=978-3034802512 |location=Basel |pages=116}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Gimbel |first=Steven |url={{Google books|HvTOBwAAQBAJ|page=111|plainurl=yes}} |title=Einstein - His Space and Times |publisher=Yale University Press |year=2015 |isbn=978-0300196719 |location=New Haven |pages=111}}</ref> Later in his life, Einstein's political view was in favor of [[socialism]] and critical of capitalism, which he detailed in his essays such as \"[[Why Socialism?]]\".<ref>Einstein (1949), pp. 9\u201315.</ref><ref name=\"LXsUJ\" /> His opinions on the [[Bolsheviks]] also changed with time. In 1925, he criticized them for not having a \"well-regulated system of government\" and called their rule a \"regime of terror and a tragedy in human history\". He later adopted a more moderated view, criticizing their methods but praising them, which is shown by his 1929 remark on [[Vladimir Lenin]]:</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{blockquote|In Lenin I honor a man, who in total sacrifice of his own person has committed his entire energy to realizing social justice. I do not find his methods advisable. One thing is certain, however: men like him are the guardians and renewers of mankind's conscience.{{sfnp|Rowe|Schulmann|2013|pp=[{{GBurl|id=_X1dAAAAQBAJ|pg=413}} 412, 413]}}}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein offered and was called on to give judgments and opinions on matters often unrelated to theoretical physics or mathematics.{{Sfnp|Clark|1971}} He strongly advocated the idea of a democratic [[global government]] that would check the power of nation-states in the framework of a world federation.{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=487, 494, 550}} He wrote \"I advocate world government because I am convinced that there is no other possible way of eliminating the most terrible danger in which man has ever found himself.\"<ref>Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 4 (February 1948), No. 2 35\u201337: 'A Reply to the Soviet Scientists, December 1947'</ref> The FBI created a secret dossier on Einstein in 1932; by the time of his death, it was 1,427 pages long.<ref name=\"ixWWZ\" /></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein was deeply impressed by [[Mahatma Gandhi]], with whom he corresponded. He described Gandhi as \"a role model for the generations to come\".<ref name=\"Albano-M\u00fcller\"/> The initial connection was established on 27 September 1931, when [[Wilfrid Israel]] took his Indian guest [[V. A. Sundaram]] to meet his friend Einstein at his summer home in the town of Caputh. Sundaram was Gandhi's disciple and special envoy, whom Wilfrid Israel met while visiting India and visiting the Indian leader's home in 1925. During the visit, Einstein wrote a short letter to Gandhi that was delivered to him through his envoy, and Gandhi responded quickly with his own letter. Although in the end Einstein and Gandhi were unable to meet as they had hoped, the direct connection between them was established through Wilfrid Israel.<ref>{{cite web| url = http://streams.gandhiserve.org/einstein.html| title = Einstein's letter and Gandhi's answer| access-date = 22 August 2021| archive-date = 9 June 2014| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140609031152/http://streams.gandhiserve.org/einstein.html| url-status = live}}, gandhiserve.org</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">==== Relationship with Zionism ====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Main|Political views of Albert Einstein#Zionism}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein was a figurehead leader in the establishment of the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]],<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[The New York Times]]|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/25/science/brace-yourself-here-comes-einsteins-year.html|title=Brace Yourself! Here Comes Einstein's Year|quote=Hebrew University ... which he helped found|author=Dennis Overbye|date=25 January 2005|access-date=27 October 2020|archive-date=30 October 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201030232656/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/01/25/science/brace-yourself-here-comes-einsteins-year.html|url-status=live}}</ref> which opened in 1925.<ref>{{Cite web |title=History |url=https://en.huji.ac.il/history |website=Hebrew University}}</ref> Earlier, in 1921, he was asked by the biochemist and president of the [[World Zionist Organization]], [[Chaim Weizmann]], to help raise funds for the planned university.{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=290}} He made suggestions for the creation of an Institute of Agriculture, a Chemical Institute and an Institute of Microbiology in order to fight the various ongoing epidemics such as [[malaria]], which he called an \"evil\" that was undermining a third of the country's development.{{sfnp|Rowe|Schulmann|2007|p=161}} He also promoted the establishment of an Oriental Studies Institute, to include language courses given in both [[Hebrew]] and [[Arabic]].{{sfnp|Rowe|Schulmann|2007|p=158}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein was not a [[nationalist]] and opposed the creation of an independent Jewish state.{{sfnp|Rowe|Schulmann|2007|p=33}} He felt that the waves of arriving Jews of the [[Aliyah]] could live alongside existing Arabs in [[Palestine (region)|Palestine]]. The state of Israel was established without his help in 1948; Einstein was limited to a marginal role in the [[Zionism|Zionist movement]].<ref>{{cite book |first=Ze'ev |last=Rosenkranz |date=2011 |title=Einstein Before Israel: Zionist Icon Or Iconoclast? |publisher=Princeton University Press |pages=4\u20135 |isbn=978-0-691-14412-2}}</ref> Upon the death of Israeli president Weizmann in November 1952, Prime Minister [[David Ben-Gurion]] offered Einstein the largely ceremonial position of [[President of Israel]] at the urging of [[Ezriel Carlebach]].<ref name=\"Time\" /><ref name=\"Msb2q\" /> The offer was presented by Israel's ambassador in Washington, [[Abba Eban]], who explained that the offer \"embodies the deepest respect which the Jewish people can repose in any of its sons\". Einstein wrote that he was \"deeply moved\", but \"at once saddened and ashamed\" that he could not accept it.{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=522}} Einstein did not want the office, and Israel did not want him to accept, but felt obliged to make the offer. [[Yitzhak Navon]], Ben-Gurion's political secretary, and later president, reports Ben-Gurion as saying \"Tell me what to do if he says yes! I've had to offer the post to him because it's impossible not to. But if he accepts, we are in for trouble.\"<ref>{{cite web | last=Kindy | first=David | title=When Albert Einstein Was Asked to Become President of Israel | publisher=HISTORY | date=6 August 2025 | url=https://www.history.com/articles/albert-einstein-presidency-israel | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20250827052120/https://www.history.com/articles/albert-einstein-presidency-israel | archive-date=27 August 2025}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">==== Religious and philosophical views ====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Main|Religious and philosophical views of Albert Einstein}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:03 ALBERT EINSTEIN.ogg|thumb|Opening of Einstein's speech (11 April 1943) for the United Jewish Appeal (recording by Radio Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">----</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">\"Ladies (coughs) and gentlemen, our age is proud of the progress it has made in man's intellectual development. The search and striving for truth and knowledge is one of the highest of man's qualities{{spaces}}...\"]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Per [[Lee Smolin]], \"I believe what allowed Einstein to achieve so much was primarily a moral quality. He simply cared far more than most of his colleagues that the laws of physics have to explain everything in nature coherently and consistently.\"{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=549\u2013550}} Einstein expounded his spiritual outlook in a wide array of writings and interviews.<ref name=\"018QJ\" /> He said he had sympathy for the impersonal [[pantheistic]] God of [[Spinozism|Baruch Spinoza's philosophy]].{{Sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=[{{GBurl|id=G_iziBAPXtEC|p=325}} 325]}} He did not believe in a [[personal god]] who concerns himself with fates and actions of human beings, a view which he described as na\u00efve.{{Sfnp|Calaprice|2000|p=218}} He clarified, however, that \"I am not an atheist\",{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=390}} preferring to call himself an agnostic,{{Sfnp|Calaprice|2010|p=[{{GBurl|id=G_iziBAPXtEC|p=340}} 340]}}<ref name=\"flickr2687\"/> or a \"deeply religious nonbeliever\".{{Sfnp|Calaprice|2000|p=218}} He wrote that \"A spirit is manifest in the laws of the universe\u2014a spirit vastly superior to that of man, and one in the face of which we with our modest powers must feel humble. In this way the pursuit of science leads to a religious feeling of a special sort.\"{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=550\u2013551}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein was primarily affiliated with non-religious [[Secular humanist|humanist]] and [[Ethical Culture]] groups in both the UK and US. He served on the advisory board of the [[First Humanist Society of New York]],<ref name=\"mKToJ\"/> and was an honorary associate of the [[Rationalist Association]], which publishes ''[[New Humanist]]'' in Britain. For the 75th anniversary of the [[New York Society for Ethical Culture]], he stated that the idea of Ethical Culture embodied his personal conception of what is most valuable and enduring in religious idealism. He observed, \"Without 'ethical culture' there is no salvation for humanity.\"<ref>Einstein (1995), p. 62.{{GBurl|id=9fJkBqwDD3sC|p=62}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In a German-language letter to philosopher [[Eric Gutkind]], dated 3 January 1954, Einstein wrote:</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{blockquote|[[God (word)|The word God]] is for me nothing more than the expression and product of human weaknesses, the Bible a collection of honorable, but still primitive legends which are nevertheless pretty childish. No interpretation no matter how subtle can (for me) change this. ... For me the [[Jewish religion]] like all other religions is an incarnation of the most childish superstitions. And the [[Jewish people]] to whom I gladly belong and with whose mentality I have a deep affinity have no different quality for me than all other people. ... I cannot see anything '[[Jews as the chosen people|chosen]]' about them.<ref name=\"xI99y\"/>}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein had been sympathetic toward vegetarianism for a long time. In a letter in 1930 to Hermann Huth, vice-president of the [[ProVeg Deutschland#History|German Vegetarian Federation (Deutsche Vegetarier-Bund)]], he wrote:</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{blockquote|Although I have been prevented by outward circumstances from observing a strictly vegetarian diet, I have long been an adherent to the cause in principle. Besides agreeing with the aims of vegetarianism for aesthetic and moral reasons, it is my view that a vegetarian manner of living by its purely physical effect on the human temperament would most beneficially influence the lot of mankind.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ivu.org/history/northam20a/einstein.html</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| title=Albert Einstein (1879\u20131955)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publisher=[[International Vegetarian Union]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| accessdate= 2025-07-19</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">}}</ref>}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">He became a vegetarian himself only during the last part of his life. In March 1954 he wrote in a letter: \"So I am living without fats, without meat, without fish, but am feeling quite well this way. It almost seems to me that man was not born to be a carnivore.\"<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aretheyvegan.com/alberteinstein/</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| title=Was Albert Einstein vegan?</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| website=AreTheyVegan.com</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| date=27 March 2020</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">\"Albert Einstein [...] also read Blavatsky and attended lectures by Rudolf Steiner.\"<ref name=\"h854\">{{cite book | last1=M\u00fchlematter | first1=Yves | last2=Zander | first2=Helmut | title=Occult Roots of Religious Studies: On the Influence of Non-Hegemonic Currents on Academia around 1900 | publisher=Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG | date=2021 | isbn=978-3-11-066033-3 | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kJEoEAAAQBAJ&q=rudolf%2520Steiner%2520pseudoscience&pg=PT11 | access-date=9 November 2025 | page=}}</ref><!-- it does not mean he ''endorsed'' HPB or RS, he was just curious --></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">==== Love of music ====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:Wanda von Debschitz-Kunowski Albert Einstein beim Geigenspiel 1927.jpg|thumb|Einstein playing the violin, 1927|upright=1.05]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein developed an appreciation for music at an early age. In his late journals he wrote:</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{blockquote|If I were not a physicist, I would probably be a musician. I often think in music. I live my daydreams in music. I see my life in terms of music{{spaces}}... I get most joy in life out of music.<ref name=\"BQH5A\"/><ref name=\"aBOjz\"/>}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">His mother played the piano reasonably well and wanted her son to learn the violin, not only to instill in him a love of music but also to help him assimilate into [[German culture]]. According to conductor [[Leon Botstein]], Einstein began playing when he was 5. However, he did not enjoy it at that age.<ref name=\"Botstein\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">When he turned 13, he discovered [[Mozart]]'s [[Mozart violin sonatas|violin sonatas]], whereupon he became enamored of Mozart's compositions and studied music more willingly. Einstein taught himself to play without \"ever practicing systematically\". He said that \"love is a better teacher than a sense of duty\".<ref name=\"Botstein\"/> At the age of 17, he was heard by a school examiner in Aarau while playing [[Beethoven]]'s [[Beethoven's violin sonatas (disambiguation)<!-- intentional -->|violin sonatas]]. The examiner stated afterward that his playing was \"remarkable and revealing of 'great insight{{' \"}}. What struck the examiner, writes Botstein, was that Einstein \"displayed a deep love of the music, a quality that was and remains in short supply. Music possessed an unusual meaning for this student.\"<ref name=\"Botstein\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Music took on a pivotal and permanent role in Einstein's life from that period on. Although the idea of becoming a professional musician himself was not on his mind at any time, among those with whom Einstein played [[chamber music]] were a few professionals, including Kurt Appelbaum, and he performed for private audiences and friends. Chamber music had also become a regular part of his social life while living in Bern, Zurich, and Berlin, where he played with Max Planck and his son, among others. He is sometimes erroneously credited as the editor of the 1937 edition of the [[K\u00f6chel catalog]] of Mozart's work; that edition was prepared by [[Alfred Einstein]], who may have been a distant relation.<ref name=\"kGuWC\"/><ref name=\"OIn6p\"/> Mozart was a special favorite; he said that \"Mozart's music is so pure it seems to have been ever-present in the universe.\" However, he preferred [[Bach]] to Beethoven, once saying: \"Give me Bach, rather, and then more Bach.\"{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=38}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In 1931, while engaged in research at the California Institute of Technology, he visited the Zoellner family conservatory in Los Angeles, where he played some of Beethoven and Mozart's works with members of the [[Zoellner Quartet]].<ref name=\"Times\"/><ref name=\"RR\"/> Near the end of his life, when the young [[Juilliard Quartet]] visited him in Princeton, he played his violin with them, and the quartet was \"impressed by Einstein's level of coordination and intonation\".<ref name=\"Botstein\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">=== Death ===</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">On 17 April 1955, Einstein experienced [[internal bleeding]] caused by the rupture of an [[abdominal aortic aneurysm]], which had previously been reinforced surgically by [[Rudolph Nissen]] in 1948.<ref name=\"BXLfp\"/> He took the draft of a speech he was preparing for a television appearance commemorating the state of Israel's seventh anniversary with him to the hospital, but he did not live to complete it.<ref name=\"QN45b\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein refused surgery, saying, \"I want to go when I want. It is tasteless to prolong life artificially. I have done my share; it is time to go. I will do it elegantly.\"<ref name=\"BhiNM\"/> He died in the [[Princeton Hospital]] early the next morning at the age of 76, having continued to work until near the end.<ref name=\"YUhsl\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">During the autopsy, the pathologist [[Thomas Stoltz Harvey]] removed [[Einstein's brain]] for preservation without the permission of his family, in the hope that the [[neuroscience]] of the future would be able to discover what made Einstein so intelligent.<ref name=\"MqyYW\"/> Einstein's remains were cremated in [[Trenton, New Jersey]],<ref>{{cite magazine|last1=Cosgrove|first1=Benjamin|last2=Morse|first2=Ralph|url=https://www.life.com/history/the-day-albert-einstein-died-a-photographers-story/|magazine=[[Life (magazine)|Life]]|title=The Day Albert Einstein Died: A Photographer's Story|date=14 March 2014|access-date=10 March 2021|archive-date=19 March 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319004714/https://www.life.com/history/the-day-albert-einstein-died-a-photographers-story/|url-status=live}}</ref> and his ashes were scattered at an undisclosed location.<ref name=\"GQrBZ\"/><ref name=\"Obit\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In a memorial lecture delivered on 13 December 1965 at [[UNESCO]] headquarters, nuclear physicist [[J. Robert Oppenheimer]] summarized his [[Einstein\u2013Oppenheimer relationship|impression of Einstein]] as a person: \"He was almost wholly without sophistication and wholly without worldliness{{spaces}}... There was always with him a wonderful purity at once childlike and profoundly stubborn.\"<ref name=\"aJHxn\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein bequeathed his personal archives, library, and intellectual assets to the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]] in Israel.<ref>{{cite news|last=Unna|first=Issachar|date=22 June 2007|title=An Ongoing Power of Attraction|newspaper=[[Haaretz]]|url=https://www.haaretz.com/1.4945718|access-date=15 June 2021|archive-date=16 June 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210616043403/https://www.haaretz.com/1.4945718|url-status=live}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">== Scientific career ==</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Throughout his life, Einstein published hundreds of books and articles.<ref name=\"Bio\"/><ref name=\"Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730\u2013746\"/> He published more than 300 scientific papers and 150 non-scientific ones.<ref name=\"Nobel\"/><ref name=\"Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730\u2013746\"/> On 5 December 2014, universities and archives announced the release of Einstein's papers, comprising more than 30,000 unique documents.<ref>Stachel et al (2008).</ref><ref name=\"NYT-20141204-DB\"/> In addition to the work he did by himself, he also collaborated with other scientists on additional projects, including the [[Bose\u2013Einstein statistics]], the [[Einstein refrigerator]] and others.<ref name=\"Instituut-Lorentz\"/><ref name=\"e5xd8\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">=== Statistical mechanics ===</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">==== Thermodynamic fluctuations and statistical physics ====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Main|Statistical mechanics|thermal fluctuations|statistical physics}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein's first paper,<ref name=\"Einstein 1901\"/><ref name=\"PubList\"/> submitted in 1900 to ''[[Annalen der Physik]]'', was on [[capillary attraction]]. It was published in 1901 with the title \"Folgerungen aus den Capillarit\u00e4tserscheinungen\", which translates as \"Conclusions from the capillarity phenomena\". Two papers he published in 1902\u20131903 (thermodynamics) attempted to interpret [[atom]]ic phenomena from a statistical point of view. These papers were the foundation for the 1905 paper on Brownian motion, which showed that Brownian movement can be construed as firm evidence that molecules exist. His research in 1903 and 1904 was mainly concerned with the effect of finite atomic size on diffusion phenomena.<ref name=\"PubList\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">==== Theory of critical opalescence ====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Main|Critical opalescence}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein returned to the problem of thermodynamic fluctuations, giving a treatment of the density variations in a fluid at its critical point. Ordinarily the density fluctuations are controlled by the second derivative of the free energy with respect to the density. At the critical point, this derivative is zero, leading to large fluctuations. The effect of density fluctuations is that light of all wavelengths is scattered, making the fluid look milky white. Einstein relates this to [[Rayleigh scattering]], which is what happens when the fluctuation size is much smaller than the wavelength, and which explains why the sky is blue.<ref name=\"L2N73\"/> Einstein quantitatively derived critical opalescence from a treatment of density fluctuations, and demonstrated how both the effect and Rayleigh scattering originate from the atomistic constitution of matter.</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">=== 1905 \u2013 ''Annus Mirabilis'' papers ===</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">The [[Annus mirabilis papers|''Annus Mirabilis'' papers]] are four articles pertaining to the photoelectric effect (which gave rise to [[quantum mechanics|quantum theory]]), [[Brownian motion]], the [[special theory of relativity]], and [[Mass\u2013energy equivalence|''E''{{spaces}}={{spaces}}''mc''<sup>2</sup>]] that Einstein published in the ''Annalen der Physik'' scientific journal in 1905. These four works contributed substantially to the foundation of [[modern physics]] and changed views on [[space]], time, and [[matter]]. The four papers are:</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{| class=wikitable</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">|-</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">! Title <small>(translated)</small> !!<small>Area of focus</small> !! Received !! Published !! Significance</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">|-</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| \"On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light\"<ref name=1905a>Einstein (1905a).</ref> || Photoelectric effect || 18 March || 9 June || Resolved an unsolved puzzle by suggesting that energy is exchanged only in discrete amounts ([[quantum|quanta]]).<ref name=\"1Jhcb\"/> This idea was pivotal to the early development of quantum theory.<ref name=\"oJBvd\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">|-</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| \"On the Motion of Small Particles Suspended in a Stationary Liquid, as Required by the Molecular Kinetic Theory of Heat\"<ref>Einstein (1905c).</ref> || [[Brownian motion]] || 11 May || 18 July || Explained empirical evidence for the [[atomic theory]], supporting the application of [[statistical physics]].</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">|-</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| \"On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies\"<ref name=1905d>Einstein (1905d).</ref> || [[Special relativity]] || 30 June || 26{{spaces}}September || Reconciled [[James Clerk Maxwell|Maxwell]]'s equations for electricity and magnetism with the laws of mechanics by introducing changes to mechanics, resulting from analysis based on the independence of the speed of light from the motion of the observer.<ref name=\"RhZ8x\"/> Discredited the concept of a \"[[luminiferous ether]]\".<ref name=\"lhfJ9\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">|-</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| \"Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?\"<ref>Einstein (1905e).</ref> || [[Mass\u2013energy equivalence|{{nowrap|Matter\u2013energy}} equivalence]] || 27{{spaces}}September || 21 November || Equivalence of matter and energy, ''E''{{spaces}}={{spaces}}''mc''<sup>2</sup>, the existence of \"[[rest energy]]\", and the basis of nuclear energy.</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">|}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">=== Special relativity ===</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Main|History of special relativity}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein's \"{{lang|de|Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter K\u00f6rper}}\"<ref name=1905d/> (\"On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies\") was received on 30 June 1905 and published 26 September of that same year. It reconciled conflicts between [[Maxwell's equations]] (the laws of electricity and magnetism) and the laws of Newtonian mechanics by introducing changes to the laws of mechanics.{{Sfnp|F\u00f6lsing|1997|pp=178\u2013198}} Observationally, the effects of these changes are most apparent at high speeds (where objects are moving at speeds close to the [[speed of light]]). The theory developed in this paper later became known as Einstein's special theory of relativity.</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">This paper predicted that, when measured in the frame of a relatively moving observer, a clock carried by a moving body would appear to [[Time dilation|slow down]], and the body itself would [[Length contraction|contract]] in its direction of motion. This paper also argued that the idea of a [[luminiferous aether]]\u2014one of the leading theoretical entities in physics at the time\u2014was superfluous.<ref group=note name=\"aBfxO\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In his paper on [[mass\u2013energy equivalence]], Einstein produced ''E''{{spaces}}={{spaces}}''mc''<sup>2</sup> as a consequence of his special relativity equations.{{Sfnp|Stachel|2002|pp=vi, 15, 90, 131, [{{GBurl|id=OAsQ_hFjhrAC|p=215}} 215]}} Einstein's 1905 work on relativity remained controversial for many years, but was accepted by leading physicists, starting with [[Max Planck]].<ref group=note name=\"sBl2q\"/>{{Sfnp|Pais|1982|pp=382\u2013386}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein originally framed special relativity in terms of [[kinematics]] (the study of moving bodies). In 1908, [[Hermann Minkowski]] reinterpreted special relativity in geometric terms as a theory of [[spacetime]]. Einstein adopted Minkowski's formalism in his 1915 [[general theory of relativity]].{{Sfnp|Pais|1982|pp=151\u2013152}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">=== General relativity ===</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">==== General relativity and the equivalence principle ====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Main|History of general relativity}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{See also|Theory of relativity|Einstein field equations}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:1919 eclipse positive.jpg|alt=Black circle covering the sun, rays visible around it, in a dark sky.|thumb|upright|[[Arthur Stanley Eddington|Eddington]]'s photo of a [[solar eclipse]]]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[General relativity]] (GR) is a [[theory of gravitation]] that was developed by Einstein between 1907 and 1915. According to it, the observed gravitational attraction between masses results from the warping of [[spacetime]] by those masses. General relativity has developed into an essential tool in modern [[astrophysics]]; it provides the foundation for the current understanding of [[black holes]], regions of space where gravitational attraction is so strong that not even light can escape.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Fraknoi |first=Andrew |url=https://openstax.org/details/books/astronomy-2e |title=Astronomy 2e |date=2022 |display-authors=etal |publisher=OpenStax |isbn=978-1-951693-50-3 |edition=2e |oclc=1322188620 |pages=800\u2013815}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">As Einstein later said, the reason for the development of general relativity was that the preference of inertial motions within [[special relativity]] was unsatisfactory, while a theory which from the outset prefers no state of motion (even accelerated ones) should appear more satisfactory.<ref>Einstein (1923).</ref> Consequently, in 1907 he published an article on acceleration under special relativity. In that article titled \"On the Relativity Principle and the Conclusions Drawn from It\", he argued that [[free fall]] is really inertial motion, and that for a free-falling observer the rules of special relativity must apply. This argument is called the [[equivalence principle]]. In the same article, Einstein also predicted the phenomena of [[gravitational time dilation]], [[gravitational redshift]] and [[gravitational lensing]].{{Sfnp|Pais|1982|pp=179\u2013183}}<ref>Stachel, et al (2008). Vol. 2: The Swiss Years\u2014Writings, 1900\u20131909, pp. 273\u2013274.</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In 1911, Einstein published another article \"On the Influence of Gravitation on the Propagation of Light\" expanding on the 1907 article, in which he estimated the amount of deflection of light by massive bodies. Thus, the theoretical prediction of general relativity could for the first time be tested experimentally.{{Sfnp|Pais|1982|pp=194\u2013195}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">==== Gravitational waves ====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In 1916, Einstein predicted [[gravitational wave]]s,<ref>Einstein (1916).</ref><ref>Einstein (1918).</ref> ripples in the [[curvature]] of spacetime which propagate as [[wave]]s, traveling outward from the source, transporting energy as gravitational radiation. The existence of gravitational waves is possible under general relativity due to its [[Lorentz invariance]] which brings the concept of a finite speed of propagation of the physical interactions of gravity with it. By contrast, gravitational waves cannot exist in the [[Newton's law of universal gravitation|Newtonian theory of gravitation]], which postulates that the physical interactions of gravity propagate at infinite speed.</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">The first, indirect, detection of gravitational waves came in the 1970s through observation of a pair of closely orbiting [[neutron stars]], [[PSR B1913+16]].<ref name=\"natgeo\"/> The explanation for the decay in their orbital period was that they were emitting gravitational waves.<ref name=\"natgeo\"/><ref name=\"Tf1T0\"/> Einstein's prediction was confirmed on 11 February 2016, when researchers at [[LIGO]] published the [[first observation of gravitational waves]],<ref name=\"PRL-20160211\"/> detected on Earth on 14 September 2015, nearly one hundred years after the prediction.<ref name=\"natgeo\"/><ref name=\"CO6kH\"/><ref name=\"oSmHb\"/><ref name=\"hkKSp\"/><ref name=\"38Msx\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">==== Hole argument and Entwurf theory ====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">While developing general relativity, Einstein became confused about the [[gauge invariance]] in the theory. He formulated an argument that led him to conclude that a general relativistic field theory is impossible. He gave up looking for fully generally covariant tensor equations and searched for equations that would be invariant under general linear transformations only.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Norton |first=John |author-link=John D. Norton |date=1984 |title=How Einstein Found His Field Equations: 1912\u20131915 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27757535 |journal=Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences |volume=14 |issue=2 |pages=253\u2013316 |doi=10.2307/27757535 |jstor=27757535 |issn=0073-2672}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In June 1913, the Entwurf ('draft') theory was the result of these investigations. As its name suggests, it was a sketch of a theory, less elegant and more difficult than general relativity, with the equations of motion supplemented by additional gauge fixing conditions. After more than two years of intensive work, Einstein realized that the [[hole argument]] was mistaken<ref name=\"sOA9t\"/> and abandoned the theory in November 1915.</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">==== Physical cosmology ====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Main|Physical cosmology}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:MillikanLemaitreEinstein.jpg|thumb|right|[[Robert Andrews Millikan|Robert A. Millikan]], [[Georges Lema\u00eetre]] and Einstein at the [[California Institute of Technology]] in January 1933]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In 1917, Einstein applied the general theory of relativity to the structure of the universe as a whole.<ref>Einstein (1917a).</ref> He discovered that the general field equations predicted a universe that was dynamic, either contracting or expanding. As observational evidence for a dynamic universe was lacking at the time, Einstein introduced a new term, the [[cosmological constant]], into the field equations, in order to allow the theory to predict a static universe. The modified field equations predicted a static universe of closed curvature, in accordance with Einstein's understanding of [[Mach's principle]] in these years. This model became known as the Einstein World or [[Einstein's static universe]].{{Sfnp|Pais|1994|pp=285\u2013286}}<ref name=\"iJwuX\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Following the discovery of the recession of the galaxies by [[Edwin Hubble]] in 1929, Einstein abandoned his static model of the universe, and proposed two dynamic models of the cosmos, the [[Friedmann\u2013Einstein universe]] of 1931<ref name=E1931>Einstein (1931).</ref><ref name=\"cor-2013\"/> and the [[Einstein\u2013de Sitter universe]] of 1932.<ref>Einstein & de Sitter (1932).</ref><ref name=\"J9Tqu\"/> In each of these models, Einstein discarded the cosmological constant, claiming that it was \"in any case theoretically unsatisfactory\".<ref name=E1931/><ref name=\"cor-2013\"/><ref name=\"sxfvo\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In many Einstein biographies, it is claimed that Einstein referred to the cosmological constant in later years as his \"biggest blunder\", based on a letter [[George Gamow]] claimed to have received from him. The astrophysicist [[Mario Livio]] has cast doubt on this claim.<ref name=\"qmmVf\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In late 2013, a team led by the Irish physicist [[Cormac O'Raifeartaigh]] discovered evidence that, shortly after learning of Hubble's observations of the recession of the galaxies, Einstein considered a [[steady-state model]] of the universe.<ref name=\"Tq53z\"/><ref name=\"8pfEk\"/> In a hitherto overlooked manuscript, apparently written in early 1931, Einstein explored a model of the expanding universe in which the density of matter remains constant due to a continuous creation of matter, a process that he associated with the cosmological constant.<ref name=\"cor-steady-state\" /><ref name=\"Einstein's aborted model\"/> As he stated in the paper, \"In what follows, I would like to draw attention to a solution to equation (1) that can account for Hubbel's {{sic}} facts, and in which the density is constant over time [...] If one considers a physically bounded volume, particles of matter will be continually leaving it. For the density to remain constant, new particles of matter must be continually formed in the volume from space.\"</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">It thus appears that Einstein considered a [[steady-state model]] of the expanding universe many years before Hoyle, Bondi and Gold.<ref name=\"ILjYQ\"/><ref name=\"ThZb0\"/> However, Einstein's steady-state model contained a fundamental flaw and he quickly abandoned the idea.<ref name=\"cor-steady-state\"/><ref name=\"Einstein's aborted model\"/><ref name=\"7ShC9\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">==== Energy momentum pseudotensor ====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Main|Stress\u2013energy\u2013momentum pseudotensor}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">General relativity includes a dynamical spacetime, so it is difficult to see how to identify the conserved energy and momentum. [[Noether's theorem]] allows these quantities to be determined from a [[Lagrangian (field theory)|Lagrangian]] with [[translation invariance]], but [[general covariance]] makes translation invariance into something of a [[gauge symmetry]]. The energy and momentum derived within general relativity by [[Emmy Noether|Noether]]'s prescriptions do not make a real tensor for this reason.<ref>{{cite arXiv|first=Nina |last=Byers |author-link=Nina Byers |title=E. Noether's Discovery of the Deep Connection Between Symmetries and Conservation Laws |eprint=physics/9807044 |date=23 September 1998 }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein argued that this is true for a fundamental reason: the gravitational field could be made to vanish by a choice of coordinates. He maintained that the non-covariant energy momentum pseudotensor was, in fact, the best description of the energy momentum distribution in a gravitational field. While the use of non-covariant objects like pseudotensors was criticized by [[Erwin Schr\u00f6dinger]] and others, Einstein's approach has been echoed by physicists including [[Lev Landau]] and [[Evgeny Lifshitz]].<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1103/PhysRev.111.315 |first=J. N. |last=Goldberg |title=Conservation laws in general relativity |year=1958 |journal=Physical Review |volume=111 |number=1 |pages=315\u2013320|bibcode=1958PhRv..111..315G }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">==== Wormholes ====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In 1935, Einstein collaborated with [[Nathan Rosen]] to produce a model of a [[wormhole]], often called [[Einstein\u2013Rosen bridges]].<ref>Einstein & Rosen (1935).</ref><ref name=\"QNjpt\"/> His motivation was to model elementary particles with charge as a solution of gravitational field equations, in line with the program outlined in the paper \"Do Gravitational Fields play an Important Role in the Constitution of the Elementary Particles?\". These solutions cut and pasted [[Schwarzschild black hole]]s to make a bridge between two patches. Because these solutions included spacetime curvature without the presence of a physical body, Einstein and Rosen suggested that they could provide the beginnings of a theory that avoided the notion of point particles. However, it was later found that Einstein\u2013Rosen bridges are not stable.<ref name=\"ja7FY\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">==== Einstein\u2013Cartan theory ====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Main|Einstein\u2013Cartan theory}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:Albert Einstein photo 1920.jpg|alt=Einstein, sitting at a table, looks up from the papers he is reading and into the camera.|thumb|upright|Einstein at his office, [[University of Berlin]], 1920]]In order to incorporate spinning point particles into general relativity, the affine connection needed to be generalized to include an antisymmetric part, called the [[Torsion tensor|torsion]]. This modification was made by Einstein and Cartan in the 1920s.</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">==== Equations of motion ====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Main|Einstein\u2013Infeld\u2013Hoffmann equations}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In general relativity, gravitational force is reimagined as curvature of [[spacetime]]. A curved path like an orbit is not the result of a force deflecting a body from an ideal straight-line path, but rather the body's attempt to fall freely through a background that is itself curved by the presence of other masses. A remark by [[John Archibald Wheeler]] that has become proverbial among physicists summarizes the theory: \"Spacetime tells matter how to move; matter tells spacetime how to curve.\"<ref name=\"Wheeler\">{{Cite book|last=Wheeler|first=John Archibald|url={{GBurl|id=zGFkK2tTXPsC|p=235}}|title=Geons, Black Holes, and Quantum Foam: A Life in Physics|date=18 June 2010|publisher=W. W. Norton & Company|isbn=978-0-393-07948-7|language=en|author-link=John Archibald Wheeler}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal|last=Kersting|first=Magdalena|date=May 2019|title=Free fall in curved spacetime\u2014how to visualise gravity in general relativity|journal=[[Physics Education]] |volume=54|issue=3|pages=035008|doi=10.1088/1361-6552/ab08f5|bibcode=2019PhyEd..54c5008K |s2cid=127471222 |issn=0031-9120|doi-access=free|hdl=10852/74677|hdl-access=free}}</ref> The [[Einstein field equations]] cover the latter aspect of the theory, relating the curvature of spacetime to the distribution of matter and energy. The [[geodesic equation]] covers the former aspect, stating that freely falling bodies follow [[Geodesics in general relativity|lines that are as straight as possible in a curved spacetime]]. Einstein regarded this as an \"independent fundamental assumption\" that had to be postulated in addition to the field equations in order to complete the theory. Believing this to be a shortcoming in how general relativity was originally presented, he wished to derive it from the field equations themselves. Since the equations of general relativity are non-linear, a lump of energy made out of pure gravitational fields, like a black hole, would move on a trajectory which is determined by the Einstein field equations themselves, not by a new law. Accordingly, Einstein proposed that the field equations would determine the path of a singular solution, like a black hole, to be a geodesic. Both physicists and philosophers have often repeated the assertion that the geodesic equation can be obtained from applying the field equations to the motion of a [[gravitational singularity]], but this claim remains disputed.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Tamir |first=M |url=http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/9158/1/Tamir_-_Proving_the_Principle.pdf |title=Proving the principle: Taking geodesic dynamics too seriously in Einstein's theory |journal=Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics |volume=43 |number=2 |pages=137\u2013154 |year=2012 |doi=10.1016/j.shpsb.2011.12.002|bibcode=2012SHPMP..43..137T }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Malament |first=David |chapter=A Remark About the \"Geodesic Principle\" in General Relativity |author-link=David Malament |chapter-url=http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/5072/1/GeodesicLaw.pdf |title=Analysis and Interpretation in the Exact Sciences |pages=245\u2013252 |series=The Western Ontario Series in Philosophy of Science |volume=78 |publisher=Springer |year=2012 |editor-last1=Frappier |editor-first1=M. |editor-last2=Brown |editor-first2=D. |editor-last3=DiSalle |editor-first3=R. |doi=10.1007/978-94-007-2582-9_14 |isbn=978-94-007-2581-2 |quote=Though the geodesic principle can be recovered as theorem in general relativity, it is not a consequence of Einstein's equation (or the conservation principle) alone. Other assumptions are needed to derive the theorems in question.}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">=== Old quantum theory ===</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Main|Old quantum theory}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">==== Photons and energy quanta ====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:Photoelectric effect in a solid - diagram.svg|alt=|thumb|The photoelectric effect. Incoming photons on the left strike a metal plate (bottom), and eject electrons, depicted as flying off to the right.]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In a 1905 paper,<ref name=1905a/> Einstein postulated that light itself consists of localized particles (''[[quantum|quanta]]''). Einstein's light quanta were nearly universally rejected by all physicists, including Max Planck and Niels Bohr. This idea only became universally accepted in 1919, with [[Robert Millikan]]'s detailed experiments on the photoelectric effect, and with the measurement of [[Compton scattering]].</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein concluded that each wave of frequency ''f'' is associated with a collection of photons with energy ''hf'' each, where ''h'' is the [[Planck constant]]. He did not say much more, because he was not sure how the particles were related to the wave. But he did suggest that this idea would explain certain experimental results, notably the [[photoelectric effect]].<ref name=1905a/> Light quanta were dubbed ''[[photons]]'' by [[Gilbert N. Lewis]] in 1926.{{sfnp|Isaacson|2007|p=576}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">==== Quantized atomic vibrations ====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Main|Einstein solid}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In 1907, Einstein proposed a model of matter where each atom in a lattice structure is an independent harmonic oscillator. In the Einstein model, each atom oscillates independently\u2014a series of equally spaced quantized states for each oscillator. Einstein was aware that getting the frequency of the actual oscillations would be difficult, but he nevertheless proposed this theory because it was a particularly clear demonstration that quantum mechanics could solve the specific heat problem in classical mechanics. [[Peter Debye]] refined this model.<ref name=\"ixm32\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">==== Bose\u2013Einstein statistics ====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Main|Bose\u2013Einstein statistics}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In 1924, Einstein received a description of a [[statistical mechanics|statistical]] model from Indian physicist [[Satyendra Nath Bose]], based on a counting method that assumed that light could be understood as a gas of indistinguishable particles. Einstein noted that Bose's statistics applied to some atoms as well as to the proposed light particles, and submitted his translation of Bose's paper to the ''[[Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Physik]]''. Einstein also published his own articles describing the model and its implications, among them the [[Bose\u2013Einstein condensate]] phenomenon that some particulates should appear at very low temperatures.<ref>Einstein (1924).</ref> It was not until 1995 that the first such condensate was produced experimentally by [[Eric Allin Cornell]] and [[Carl Wieman]] using [[ultracold atom|ultra-cooling]] equipment built at the [[NIST]]\u2013[[JILA]] laboratory at the [[University of Colorado at Boulder]].<ref name=\"nlagl\"/> Bose\u2013Einstein statistics are now used to describe the behaviors of any assembly of [[boson]]s. Einstein's sketches for this project may be seen in the Einstein Archive in the library of the Leiden University.<ref name=\"Instituut-Lorentz\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">==== Wave\u2013particle duality ====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:Albert Einstein 1921 (re-cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|Einstein in 1921, by [[Harris & Ewing]] studio]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Although the patent office promoted Einstein to Technical Examiner Second Class in 1906, he had not given up on academia. In 1908, he became a ''[[Privatdozent]]'' at the University of Bern.{{Sfnp|Pais|1982|p=522}} In \"''\u00dcber die Entwicklung unserer Anschauungen \u00fcber das Wesen und die Konstitution der Strahlung''\" (\"[[s:Translation:The Development of Our Views on the Composition and Essence of Radiation|The Development of our Views on the Composition and Essence of Radiation]]\"), on the [[quantization (physics)|quantization]] of light, and in an earlier 1909 paper, Einstein showed that Max Planck's energy quanta must have well-defined [[momentum|momenta]] and act in some respects as independent, [[point particle|point-like particles]]. This paper introduced the ''photon'' concept and inspired the notion of [[wave\u2013particle duality]] in quantum mechanics. Einstein saw this wave\u2013particle duality in radiation as concrete evidence for his conviction that physics needed a new, unified foundation.</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">==== Zero-point energy ====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In a series of works completed from 1911 to 1913, Planck reformulated his 1900 quantum theory and introduced the idea of [[zero-point energy]] in his \"second quantum theory\". Soon, this idea attracted the attention of Einstein and his assistant [[Otto Stern]]. Assuming the energy of rotating diatomic molecules contains zero-point energy, they then compared the theoretical specific heat of hydrogen gas with the experimental data. The numbers matched nicely. However, after publishing the findings, they promptly withdrew their support, because they no longer had confidence in the correctness of the idea of zero-point energy.<ref>Stachel et al (2008) Vol. 4: The Swiss Years\u2014Writings, 1912\u20131914, pp. 270 ff.</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">==== Stimulated emission ====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In 1917, at the height of his work on relativity, Einstein published an article in ''Physikalische Zeitschrift'' that proposed the possibility of [[stimulated emission]], the physical process that makes possible the [[maser]] and the [[laser]].<ref>Einstein (1917b).</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">This article showed that the statistics of absorption and emission of light would only be consistent with Planck's distribution law if the emission of light into a mode with n photons would be enhanced statistically compared to the emission of light into an empty mode. This paper was enormously influential in the later development of quantum mechanics, because it was the first paper to show that the statistics of atomic transitions had simple laws.<ref>{{Cite book |last1=Duncan |first1=Anthony |title=Constructing quantum mechanics. Volume 1, The scaffold : 1900\u20131923 |last2=Janssen |first2=Michel |date=2019 |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]] |isbn=978-0-19-258422-9 |edition=1st |location=Oxford |pages=133\u2013142 |oclc=1119627546}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">==== Matter waves ====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein discovered [[Louis de Broglie]]'s work and supported his ideas, which were received skeptically at first. In another major paper from this era, Einstein observed that [[de Broglie waves]] could explain the [[Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization|quantization rules of Bohr and Sommerfeld]]. This paper would inspire Schr\u00f6dinger's work of 1926.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Hanle |first=Paul A. |date=July 1979 |title=The Schr\u00f6dinger-Einstein correspondence and the sources of wave mechanics |url=https://pubs.aip.org/aapt/ajp/article/47/7/644-648/1051199 |journal=American Journal of Physics |language=en |volume=47 |issue=7 |pages=644\u2013648 |doi=10.1119/1.11950 |bibcode=1979AmJPh..47..644H |issn=0002-9505}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Raman |first1=V. V. |last2=Forman |first2=Paul |date=1969 |title=Why Was It Schr\u00f6dinger Who Developed de Broglie's Ideas? |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/27757299 |journal=Historical Studies in the Physical Sciences |volume</ins>=<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">1 |pages</ins>=<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">291\u2013314 |doi=10.2307/27757299 |jstor=27757299 |issn=0073-2672}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">=== Quantum mechanics ===</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">==== Einstein's objections to quantum mechanics ====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:NYT May 4, 1935.jpg|thumb|upright|Newspaper headline on 4 May 1935]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein played a major role in developing quantum theory, beginning with his 1905 paper on the photoelectric effect. However, he became displeased with modern quantum mechanics as it had evolved after 1925, despite its acceptance by other physicists. He was skeptical that the randomness of quantum mechanics was fundamental rather than the result of determinism, stating that God \"is not playing at dice\".<ref name=\"zZ2hS\"/> Until the end of his life, he continued to maintain that quantum mechanics was incomplete.<ref name=\"yzZtL\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">==== Bohr versus Einstein ====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Main|Bohr\u2013Einstein debates}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:Niels Bohr Albert Einstein4 by Ehrenfest cr.jpg|upright|alt=Two men sitting, looking relaxed. A dark-haired Bohr is talking while Einstein looks skeptical.|thumb|Einstein and [[Niels Bohr]], 1925]] The Bohr\u2013Einstein debates were a series of public disputes about quantum mechanics between Einstein and [[Niels Bohr]], who were two of its founders. Their debates are remembered because of their importance to the [[philosophy of science]].<ref name=\"Bohr1949\" /><ref>Einstein (1969).</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Schlosshauer |first1=Maximilian |last2=Kofler |first2=Johannes |last3=Zeilinger |first3=Anton |date=1 August 2013 |title=A snapshot of foundational attitudes toward quantum mechanics |journal=Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics |volume=44 |issue=3 |pages=222\u2013230 |arxiv=1301.1069 |bibcode=2013SHPMP..44..222S |doi=10.1016/j.shpsb.2013.04.004 |issn=1355-2198 |s2cid=55537196}}</ref> Their debates would influence later [[interpretations of quantum mechanics]].</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">==== Einstein\u2013Podolsky\u2013Rosen paradox ====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Main|EPR paradox}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein never fully accepted quantum mechanics. While he recognized that it made correct predictions, he believed a more fundamental description of nature must be possible. Over the years he presented multiple arguments to this effect, but the one he preferred most dated to a debate with Bohr in 1930. Einstein suggested a [[Einstein's thought experiments|thought experiment]] in which two objects are allowed to interact and then moved apart a great distance from each other. The quantum-mechanical description of the two objects is a mathematical entity known as a [[wavefunction]]. If the wavefunction that describes the two objects before their interaction is given, then the [[Schr\u00f6dinger equation]] provides the wavefunction that describes them after their interaction. But because of what would later be called [[quantum entanglement]], measuring one object would lead to an instantaneous change of the wavefunction describing the other object, no matter how far away it is. Moreover, the choice of which measurement to perform upon the first object would affect what wavefunction could result for the second object. Einstein reasoned that no influence could propagate from the first object to the second instantaneously fast. Indeed, he argued, physics depends on being able to tell one thing apart from another, and such instantaneous influences would call that into question. Because the true \"physical condition\" of the second object could not be immediately altered by an action done to the first, Einstein concluded, the wavefunction could not be that true physical condition, only an incomplete description of it.{{sfnp|Howard|1990}}{{sfnp|Harrigan|Spekkens|2010}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">A more famous version of this argument came in 1935, when Einstein published a paper with [[Boris Podolsky]] and [[Nathan Rosen]] that laid out what would become known as the [[EPR paradox]].<ref>Einstein, Podolsky & Rosen (1935).</ref> In this thought experiment, two particles interact in such a way that the wavefunction describing them is entangled. Then, no matter how far the two particles were separated, a precise position measurement on one particle would imply the ability to predict, perfectly, the result of measuring the position of the other particle. Likewise, a precise momentum measurement of one particle would result in an equally precise prediction for of the momentum of the other particle, without needing to disturb the other particle in any way. They argued that no action taken on the first particle could instantaneously affect the other, since this would involve information being transmitted faster than light, which is forbidden by the [[theory of relativity]]. They invoked a principle, later known as the \"EPR criterion of reality\", positing that: \"If, without in any way disturbing a system, we can predict with certainty (i.e., with [[probability]] equal to unity) the value of a physical quantity, then there exists an element of reality corresponding to that quantity.\" From this, they inferred that the second particle must have a definite value of both position and of momentum prior to either quantity being measured. But quantum mechanics considers these two observables [[Observable#Incompatibility of observables in quantum mechanics|incompatible]] and thus does not associate simultaneous values for both to any system. Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen therefore concluded that quantum theory does not provide a complete description of reality.{{sfnp|Peres|2002}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In 1964, [[John Stewart Bell]] carried the analysis of quantum entanglement much further. He deduced that if measurements are performed independently on the two separated particles of an entangled pair, then the assumption that the outcomes depend upon hidden variables within each half implies a mathematical constraint on how the outcomes on the two measurements are correlated. This constraint would later be called a [[Bell inequality]]. Bell then showed that quantum physics predicts correlations that violate this inequality. Consequently, the only way that hidden variables could explain the predictions of quantum physics is if they are \"nonlocal\", which is to say that somehow the two particles are able to interact instantaneously no matter how widely they ever become separated.{{sfnp|Mermin|1993}}{{sfnp|Penrose|2007}} Bell argued that because an explanation of quantum phenomena in terms of hidden variables would require nonlocality, the EPR paradox \"is resolved in the way which Einstein would have liked least\".{{sfnp|Bell|1966}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Despite this, and although Einstein personally found the argument in the EPR paper overly complicated,{{sfnp|Howard|1990}}{{sfnp|Harrigan|Spekkens|2010}} that paper became among the most influential papers published in ''[[Physical Review]]''. It is considered a centerpiece of the development of [[quantum information theory]].{{Sfnp|Fine|2017}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">=== Unified field theory ===</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Main|Classical unified field theories}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Encouraged by his success with general relativity, Einstein sought an even more ambitious geometrical theory that would treat gravitation and electromagnetism as aspects of a single entity. In 1950, he described his [[unified field theory]] in a ''[[Scientific American]]'' article titled \"On the Generalized Theory of Gravitation\".<ref>Einstein (1950).</ref> His attempt to find the most fundamental laws of nature won him praise but not success: a particularly conspicuous blemish of his model was that it did not accommodate the [[strong nuclear force|strong]] and [[weak nuclear force]]s, neither of which was well understood until many years after his death. Although most researchers now believe that Einstein's approach to unifying physics was mistaken, his goal of a [[theory of everything]] is one to which his successors still aspire.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Goenner |first=Hubert F. M. |date=1 December 2004 |title=On the History of Unified Field Theories |journal=Living Reviews in Relativity |language=en |volume=7 |issue=1 |article-number=2 |doi=10.12942/lrr-2004-2 |doi-access=free |issn=1433-8351 |pmc=5256024 |pmid=28179864|bibcode=2004LRR.....7....2G }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">=== Other investigations ===</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Main|Einstein's unsuccessful investigations}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein conducted other investigations that were unsuccessful and abandoned. These pertain to [[force]], [[superconductivity]], and other research.</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">=== Collaboration with other scientists ===</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:Solvay conference 1927.jpg|thumb|The 1927 [[Solvay Conference]] in Brussels, a gathering of the world's top physicists. Einstein is in the center.]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In addition to longtime collaborators [[Leopold Infeld]], [[Nathan Rosen]], [[Peter Bergmann]] and others, Einstein also had some one-shot collaborations with various scientists.</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">==== Einstein\u2013de Haas experiment ====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Main|Einstein\u2013de Haas effect}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In 1908, [[Owen Willans Richardson]] predicted that a change in the [[magnetic moment]] of a free body will cause this body to rotate. This effect is a consequence of the [[conservation of angular momentum]] and is strong enough to be observable in [[ferromagnetic materials]].<ref name=\"Richardson-1908\"></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{cite journal</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> |last1=Richardson |first1=O. W.</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> |year=1908</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> |journal=Physical Review</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> |title=A Mechanical Effect Accompanying Magnetization</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> |url=https://zenodo.org/record/1997325</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> |series=Series I</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=248\u2013253</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> |bibcode=1908PhRvI..26..248R</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> |doi=10.1103/PhysRevSeriesI.26.248</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">}}</ref> Einstein and [[Wander Johannes de Haas]] published two papers in 1915 claiming the first experimental observation of the effect.<ref name=\"EdH-1-1915\"></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{cite journal</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> |last1=Einstein |first1=A.</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> |last2=de Haas |first2=W. J.</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> |year=1915</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> |title=Experimenteller Nachweis der Ampereschen Molekularstr\u00f6me</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> |trans-title=Experimental Proof of Amp\u00e8re's Molecular Currents</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> |language=German</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> |journal=Deutsche Physikalische Gesellschaft, Verhandlungen</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> |volume=17 |pages=152\u2013170</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">|bibcode=1915DPhyG..17..152E</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> }}</ref><ref name=\"EdH-2-1915\"></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{cite journal</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> |last1=Einstein |first1=A.</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> |last2=de Haas |first2=W. J.</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> |year=1915</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> |title=Experimental proof of the existence of Amp\u00e8re's molecular currents</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> |journal=Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen te Amsterdam, Proceedings</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> |volume=18 |pages=696\u2013711</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> |bibcode=1915KNAB...18..696E</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"> |url=http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/DL/publications/PU00012546.pdf</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">}}</ref> Measurements of this kind demonstrate that the phenomenon of [[magnetization]] is caused by the alignment ([[Spin polarization|polarization]]) of the [[angular momenta]] of the [[electron]]s in the material along the axis of magnetization. These measurements also allow the separation of the two contributions to the magnetization: that which is associated with the [[Spin (physics)|spin]] and with the orbital motion of the electrons. The Einstein-de Haas experiment is the only experiment conceived, realized and published by Albert Einstein himself.</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">A complete original version of the Einstein-de Haas experimental equipment was donated by [[Geertruida de Haas-Lorentz]], wife of de Haas and daughter of Lorentz, to the [[Amp\u00e8re Museum]] in Lyon France in 1961 where it is currently on display. It was lost among the museum's holdings and was rediscovered in 2023.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=San Miguel |first1=Alfonso |last2=Pallandre |first2=Bernard |date=13 March 2024 |title=Revisiting the Einstein-de Haas experiment: the Amp\u00e8re Museum's hidden treasure |url=https://www.europhysicsnews.org/images/stories/news/epn_Einstein-de_Haas.pdf |journal=Europhysics News |volume=55 |issue=4 |pages=12\u201314|doi=10.1051/epn/2024409 |arxiv=2505.07826 |bibcode=2024ENews..55...28S }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Johnston |first=Hamish |date=17 March 2024 |title=Einstein's only experiment is found in French museum |url=https://physicsworld.com/einsteins-only-experiment-is-found-in-french-museum/ |access-date=24 March 2024 |website=Physics World |language=en-GB}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">==== Einstein as an inventor ====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In 1926, Einstein and his former student [[Le\u00f3 Szil\u00e1rd]] co-invented (and in 1930, patented) the [[Einstein refrigerator]]. This [[absorption refrigerator]] was then revolutionary for having no moving parts and using only heat as an input.<ref name=\"Goettling\"/> On 11 November 1930, {{US patent|1781541}} was awarded to Einstein and Le\u00f3 Szil\u00e1rd for the refrigerator. Their invention was not immediately put into commercial production, but the most promising of their patents were acquired by the Swedish company [[Electrolux]].{{refn|group=note|In September 2008, it was reported that Malcolm McCulloch of [[Oxford University]] was heading a three-year project to develop more robust appliances that could be used in locales lacking electricity, and that his team had completed a prototype Einstein refrigerator. He was quoted as saying that improving the design and changing the types of gases used might allow the design's efficiency to be quadrupled.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Alok |first=Jha |title=Einstein fridge design can help global cooling |work=The Guardian |date=21 September 2008 |access-date=22 February 2011 |url= https://www.theguardian.com/science/2008/sep/21/scienceofclimatechange.climatechange |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20110124172925/http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2008/sep/21/scienceofclimatechange.climatechange |archive-date=24 January 2011 |url-status=live}}</ref>}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein also invented an electromagnetic pump,<ref name=\"patents.google.com\">{{cite web | url=https://patents.google.com/patent/GB303065A/en?oq=GB303065 | title=Electrodynamic movement of fluid metals particularly for refrigerating machines }}</ref> sound reproduction device,<ref>{{cite web | url=https://patents.google.com/patent/DE590783C/en | title=Device, in particular for sound reproduction devices, in which changes in electrical current through magnetostriction cause movements of a magnetic body }}</ref> and several other household devices.<ref>Albert Einstein's patents. 2006. World Pat Inf. 28/2, 159\u201365. M. Trainer. doi: 10.1016/j.wpi.2005.10.012</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">== Legacy ==</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">=== Non-scientific ===</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:Einstein-Oslofjord (cropped).jpg|thumb|left|Left-right: [[Heinrich Jacob Goldschmidt|Heinrich Goldschmidt]], Einstein, [[Ole Colbj\u00f8rnsen]], [[J\u00f8rgen Vogt]], and Ilse Einstein at a picnic in Oslo in 1920.]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">While traveling, Einstein wrote daily to his wife Elsa and adopted stepdaughters Margot and Ilse. The letters were included in the papers bequeathed to the [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]]. Margot Einstein permitted the personal letters to be made available to the public, but requested that it not be done until twenty years after her death (she died in 1986<ref name=\"margot-obituary\"/>). Barbara Wolff, of the Hebrew University's [[Albert Einstein Archives]], told the [[BBC]] that there are about 3,500 pages of private correspondence written between 1912 and 1955.<ref name=\"letters-love\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In his final four years, Einstein was involved with the establishment of the [[Albert Einstein College of Medicine]] in New York City.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Jaff\u00e9|first1=ER|date=1996|title=The early history of the Albert Einstein College of Medicine|journal=Einstein Quarterly Journal of Biology and Medicine|volume=13|pages=22\u201336}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In 1979, the [[Albert Einstein Memorial]] was unveiled outside the [[National Academy of Sciences]] building in [[Washington, D.C.]] for the Einstein centenary. It was sculpted by [[Robert Berks]]. Einstein can be seen holding a paper with three of his most important equations: for the [[photoelectric effect]], [[general relativity]] and [[mass-energy equivalence]].<ref>{{cite web| title=The Einstein Memorial| work=[</ins>[<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">National Academy of Sciences]]| url=</ins>https://www.<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">nasonline</ins>.org/<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">about-the-nas/locations/the-einstein-memorial</ins>/<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein's [[right of publicity]] was litigated in 2015 in a federal district court in California. Although the court initially held that the right had expired,<ref name=\"casetext-hebrew-university\"/> that ruling was immediately appealed, and the decision was later vacated in its entirety. The underlying claims between the parties in that lawsuit were ultimately settled. The right is enforceable, and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem is the exclusive representative of that right.<ref name=\"pacermonitor-hebrew-university\"/> [[Branded Entertainment Network|Corbis]], successor to The Roger Richman Agency, licenses the [[Trademark|use of his name and associated imagery]], as agent for the university.<ref name=\"einstein.biz\"/></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Mount Einstein]] in the [[Chugach Mountains]] of [[Alaska]] was named in 1955. Mount Einstein in New Zealand's [[Paparoa Range]] was named after him in 1970 by the [[Department of Scientific and Industrial Research (New Zealand)|Department of Scientific and Industrial Research]].<ref>{{LINZ|id=3694 |name=Mount Einstein |access-date=21 August 2022}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In 1999, Einstein was named [[Time (magazine)|''Time'']]'s [[Time 100: The Most Important People of the Century|Person of the Century]].<ref name=\"TIME\">{{cite magazine| title=Albert Einstein| magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]]| last=Golden| first=Frederic| date=31 December 1999| url= https://time.com/archive/6598209/albert-einstein/}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">=== Scientific ===</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">In 1999, a survey of the top 100 physicists voted for Einstein as the \"greatest physicist ever\", while a parallel survey of rank-and-file physicists gave the top spot to [[Isaac Newton]], with Einstein second.<ref>{{Cite news |date=29 November 1999 |title=Einstein the Greatest |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/541840.stm |access-date=19 November 2024 |work=[[BBC News]]}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=29 November 1999 |title=Newton tops PhysicsWeb poll |url=https://physicsworld.com/a/newton-tops-physicsweb-poll/ |access-date=19 December 2024 |work=Physics World}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Physicist [[Lev Landau]] ranked physicists from 0 to 5 on a [[Lev Landau#Landau's ranking of physicists|logarithmic scale]] of productivity and genius, with Newton and Einstein belonging in a \"super league\", with Newton receiving the highest ranking of 0, followed by Einstein with 0.5, while fathers of quantum mechanics such as [[Werner Heisenberg]] and [[Paul Dirac]] were ranked 1, with Landau himself a 2.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Goldberg |first=Elkhonon |author-link=Elkhonon Goldberg |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rr9EDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA166 |title=Creativity: The Human Brain in the Age of Innovation |date=2018 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-046649-7 |location=New York, NY |pages=166 |language=en}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Physicist [[Eugene Wigner]] noted that while [[John von Neumann]] had the quickest and most acute mind he ever knew, it was Einstein who had the more penetrating and original mind of the two, stating that:<ref>{{Cite book |last=Szanton |first=Andrew |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6Hj1BwAAQBAJ&pg=PA170 |title=The Recollections of Eugene P. Wigner |date=1992 |publisher=Springer US |isbn=978-0-306-44326-8 |location=Boston, MA |pages=58, 170 |language=en |doi=10.1007/978-1-4899-6313-0}}</ref>{{blockquote|But Einstein's understanding was deeper than even Jancsi von Neumann's. His mind was both more penetrating and more original than von Neumann's. And that is a very remarkable statement. Einstein took an extraordinary pleasure in invention. Two of his greatest inventions are the </ins>Special <ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">and General Theories of Relativity; and for all of Jancsi's brilliance, he never produced anything so original. No modern physicist has.}} The [[International Union of Pure and Applied Physics]] declared 2005 the \"[[World Year of Physics 2005|World Year of Physics]]\", also known as \"Einstein Year\", in recognition of Einstein's \"[[Annus mirabilis#1905 \u2013 Albert Einstein|miracle year]]\" in 1905.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Here Comes the World Year of Physics |url=https://www.aps.org/archives/publications/apsnews/200310/wyp.cfm |website=aps.org}}</ref> It was also declared the \"International Year of Physics\" by the [[United Nations]].<ref>{{Cite web |title=International Year of Physics, 2005 |url=https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/523158?ln=en&v=pdf |date=16 January 2004 |website=United Nations Digital Library}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">== In popular culture ==</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Main|Albert Einstein in popular culture}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[File:Albert Einstein sticks his tongue.jpg|thumb|The famous image of Einstein taken by [[Arthur Sasse]] in 1951, sitting in a car on his 72nd birthday, having been asked to smile for the camera once again.|224x224px]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein became one of the most famous [[Scientific celebrity|scientific celebrities]] after the confirmation of his general theory of relativity in 1919.<ref>{{cite journal |last=Halpern |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Halpern |year=2019 |title=Albert Einstein, celebrity scientist |url=https://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/PT.3.4183 |url-status=live |journal=[[Physics Today]] |volume=72 |issue=4 |pages=38\u201345 |doi=10.1063/PT.3.4183 |bibcode=2019PhT....72d..38H |s2cid=187603798 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210414011401/https://physicstoday.scitation.org/doi/10.1063/PT.3.4183 |archive-date=14 April 2021 |access-date=21 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last=Fahy |first=Declan |year=2015 |title=A Brief History Of Scientific Celebrity |url=https://skepticalinquirer.org/2015/07/a-brief-history-of-scientific-celebrity/ |url-status=live |magazine=[[Skeptical Inquirer]] |volume=39 |issue=4 |archive-url=https</ins>:/<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">/web.archive.org/web/20210510182647/https</ins>:<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">//skepticalinquirer.org/2015/07/a-brief-history-of-scientific-celebrity/ |archive-date=10 May 2021 |access-date=21 February 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |title=Why Einstein Became Famous in America |last=Missner |first=Marshall |journal=[[Social Studies of Science]] |date=May 1985 |volume=15 |number=2|pages=267\u2013291 |doi=10.1177/030631285015002003 |jstor=285389 |s2cid=143398600 }}</ref> Although most of the public had little understanding of his work, he was widely recognized and admired. In the period before World War II, ''[[The New Yorker]]'' published a vignette in their \"The Talk of the Town\" feature saying that Einstein was so well known in America that he would be stopped on the street by people wanting him to explain \"that theory\". Eventually he came to cope with unwanted enquirers by pretending to be someone else: \"Pardon me, sorry! Always I am mistaken for Professor Einstein.\"<ref name=\"disguise\" /></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein has been the subject of or inspiration for many novels, films, plays, and works of music.<ref name=\"orchestra\" /> He is a favorite model for depictions of [[absent-minded professor]]s; his expressive face and distinctive hairstyle have been widely copied and exaggerated. ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' magazine's Frederic Golden wrote that Einstein was \"a cartoonist's dream come true\".<ref name=\"slqbwn\" /> His intellectual achievements and originality made ''Einstein'' broadly synonymous with ''genius''.<ref name=\"wordnetweb.princeton.edu\" /></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Many popular [[quotations]] are often [[False attribution|misattributed]] to him.<ref name=\"fake-quotes\" /><ref name=\"humiliate-atheist\" /></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">== Awards and honors ==</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Main|List of awards and honors received by Albert Einstein}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Einstein received numerous awards and honors, and in 1922, he was awarded the 1921 [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] \"for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect\". None of the nominations in 1921 met the criteria set by [[Alfred Nobel]], so the 1921 prize was carried forward and awarded to Einstein in 1922.<ref name=\"Nobel Prize\" /></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Einsteinium]], a synthetic chemical element, was named in his honor in 1955, a few months after his death.<ref>{{cite web |title=Einsteinium \u2013 Element |url=https://www.rsc.org/periodic-table/element/99/einsteinium |work=[[Royal Society of Chemistry]] |access-date=16 December 2022}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">== Publications ==</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">=== Scientific ===</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">: {{further|List of scientific publications by Albert Einstein}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{div col|colwidth=35em}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite journal</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| last = Einstein</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| first = Albert</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| year = 1901</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| orig-year = Completed 13 December 1900 and manuscript received 16 December 1900</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| editor = [[Paul Karl Ludwig Drude]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publisher = Verlag von Johann Ambrosius Barth</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publication-place = Leipzig, Germany</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publication-date = 1 March 1901</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| title = Folgerungen aus den Capillarit\u00e4tserscheinungen</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| trans-title = Conclusions Drawn from the Phenomena of Capillarity</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| language = de</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| place = Zurich, Switzerland</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| journal = [[Annalen der Physik]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| series = Vierte Folge</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| volume = 4 (all series: 309)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| pages = 513\u2013523</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| issue = 3</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| via = Wiley Online Library, Hoboken, New Jersey, US (March 2006)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| doi = 10.1002/andp.19013090306</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| bibcode = 1901AnP...309..513E</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| url = https://zenodo.org/record/1423995</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite journal</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| last = Einstein</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| first = Albert</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| date = 1905a</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| orig-year = Completed 17 March 1905 and submitted 18 March 1905</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| editor = [[Paul Karl Ludwig Drude]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publisher = Verlag von Johann Ambrosius Barth</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publication-place = Leipzig, Germany</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publication-date = 9 June 1905</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| title = \u00dcber einen die Erzeugung und Verwandlung des Lichtes betreffenden heuristischen Gesichtspunkt</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| trans-title = On a Heuristic Viewpoint Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| language = de</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| place = Berne, Switzerland</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| journal= [[Annalen der Physik]</ins>]</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| series = Vierte Folge</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| volume = 17 (all series: 322)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| pages = 132\u2013148</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| issue = 6</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| via = Wiley Online Library, Hoboken, New Jersey, US (10 March 2006)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| doi = 10.1002/andp.19053220607</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| url = http://www.physik.uni-augsburg.de/annalen/history/einstein-papers/1905_17_132-148.pdf</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| bibcode = 1905AnP...322..132E</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>* <ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{cite thesis</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| last = Einstein</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| first = Albert</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| date = 1905b</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| orig-year = Completed 30 April 1905</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publication-date = 20 July 1905</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| work = Dissertationen </ins>[<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[Universit\u00e4t Z\u00fcrich]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publisher = Wyss Buchdruckerei</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| via = [[ETH]] Bibliothek, Z\u00fcrich (2008)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| title = Eine neue Bestimmung der Molek\u00fcldimensionen</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| trans-title = A new determination of molecular dimensions</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| language = de</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| place = Berne, Switzerland</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| type = PhD Thesis</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| doi = 10.3929/ethz-a-000565688</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| hdl = 20.500.11850/139872</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| url = </ins>https://www.<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">research-collection.ethz.ch/bitstream/20.500.11850/139872/1/eth-30378-01.pdf</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite journal</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| last = Einstein</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| first = Albert</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| date = 1905c</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| orig-year = Manuscript received: 11 May 1905</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| editor = [[Paul Karl Ludwig Drude]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publisher = Verlag von Johann Ambrosius Barth</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publication-place = Leipzig, Germany</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publication-date = 18 July 1905</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| title = \u00dcber die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der W\u00e4rme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Fl\u00fcssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| trans-title = On the Motion{{spaces}}\u2013 Required by the Molecular Kinetic Theory of Heat{{spaces}}\u2013 of Small Particles Suspended in a Stationary Liquid</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| language = de</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| place = Berne, Switzerland</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| journal = [[Annalen der Physik]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| series = Vierte Folge</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| volume = 17 (all series: 322)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| issue = 8</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| pages = 549\u2013560</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| via = Wiley Online Library, Hoboken, New Jersey, US (10 March 2006)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| doi = 10.1002/andp.19053220806</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| bibcode = 1905AnP...322..549E</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| hdl = 10915/2785</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| hdl-access = free |url = http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/2785</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| doi-access = free</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite journal</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| last = Einstein</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| first = Albert</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| date = 1905d</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| orig-year = Manuscript received 30 June 1905</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| editor = [[Paul Karl Ludwig Drude]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publisher = Verlag von Johann Ambrosius Barth</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publication-place = Leipzig, Germany</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publication-date = 26 September 1905</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| title = Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter K\u00f6rper</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| trans-title = On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| language = de</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| place = Berne, Switzerland</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| journal = [[Annalen der Physik]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| series = Vierte Folge</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| volume = 17 (all series: 322)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| issue = 10</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| pages = 891\u2013921</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| via = Wiley Online Library, Hoboken, New Jersey, US (10 March 2006)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| doi = 10.1002/andp.19053221004</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| bibcode = 1905AnP...322..891E</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| hdl = 10915/2786</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| hdl-access = free</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| url = http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/handle/10915/2786</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| type = Submitted manuscript</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite journal</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| last = Einstein</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| first = Albert</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| date = 1905e</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| orig-year = Manuscript received 27 September 1905</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| editor = [[Paul Karl Ludwig Drude]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publisher = Verlag von Johann Ambrosius Barth</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publication-place = Leipzig, Germany</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publication-date = 21 November 1905</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| title = Ist die Tr\u00e4gheit eines K\u00f6rpers von seinem Energieinhalt abh\u00e4ngig?</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| trans-title = Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| language = de</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| place = Berne, Switzerland</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| journal = [[Annalen der Physik]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| series = Vierte Folge</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| volume = 18 (all series: 323)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| issue = 13</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| pages = 639\u2013641</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| via = Wiley Online Library, Hoboken, New Jersey, US (10 March 2006)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| doi = 10.1002/andp.19053231314</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| bibcode = 1905AnP...323..639E |url = https://zenodo</ins>.org/<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">record</ins>/<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">1424057</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| doi-access = free</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite journal</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| last = Einstein</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| first = Albert</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| year = 1915</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| orig-year = Completed 25 November 1915</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publisher = [[Prussian Academy of Sciences|K\u00f6niglich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publication-date = 2 December 1915</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publication-place = Berlin, Germany</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| title = Die Feldgleichungen der Gravitation</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| trans-title = The Field Equations of Gravitation</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| language = de</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| journal= Sitzungsberichte 1915</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| pages = 844\u2013847</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| bibcode = 1915SPAW.......844E</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| via = ECHO, Cultural Heritage Online, [[Max Planck Institute]] for the History of Science</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| url = http</ins>:/<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">/echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/MPIWG</ins>:<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">ZZB2HK6W</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| format = Online page images</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{cite journal</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| last=Einstein</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| first=Albert</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| title=N\u00e4herungsweise Integration der Feldgleichungen der Gravitation</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| trans-title=Approximate integration of the field equations of gravitation</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| year=1916</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| orig-year = Issued 29 June 1916</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| via = SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publisher = [[Prussian Academy of Sciences|K\u00f6niglich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften]</ins>]</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| place = Berlin, Germany</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| journal= Sitzungsberichte 1916</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| pages = 688\u2013696</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| bibcode=1916SPAW.......688E</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| url=https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1916SPAW.......688E</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| format = Online page images</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| access-date=24 January 2022}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>* <ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Cite journal</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| last = Einstein</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| first = Albert</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| date = 1917a</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| title = Kosmologische Betrachtungen zur allgemeinen Relativit\u00e4tstheorie</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| trans-title = Cosmological Considerations in the General Theory of Relativity</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| language = de</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publisher = </ins>[<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[Prussian Academy of Sciences|K\u00f6niglich Preussische Akademie der Wissenschaften]], Berlin</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| journal=Sitzungsberichte 1917</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| page = 142</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| bibcode = 1917SPAW.......142E</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| url=http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/MPIWG:H428RSAN</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| format = Online page images</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite journal</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| last = Einstein</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| first = Albert</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| date = 1917b</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| title = Zur Quantentheorie der Strahlung</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| trans-title = On the Quantum Mechanics of Radiation</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| language = de</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| journal = Physikalische Zeitschrift</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| volume = 18</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| pages = 121\u2013128</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| bibcode = 1917PhyZ...18..121E</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{cite journal |last=Einstein |first=Albert |title=\u00dcber Gravitationswellen |trans-title=About gravitational waves |date=31 January 1918 |journal=Sitzungsberichte der K\u00f6niglich Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften Berlin |pages=154\u2013167 |bibcode=1918SPAW.......154E |url=</ins>https://<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">echo</ins>.<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/ECHOdocuView?url=/permanent/echo/einstein/sitzungsberichte/W7ZU8V1E/index.meta |access-date=14 November 2020}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{cite speech</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| last = Einstein</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| first = Albert</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| year = 1923</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| event = Lecture delivered to the Nordic Assembly of Naturalists at Gothenburg, 11 July 1923</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| place = Gothenburg</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| orig-year = First published 1923, in English 1967</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publication-date = 3 February 2015</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| title = Grundgedanken und Probleme der Relativit\u00e4tstheorie</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| trans-title = Fundamental Ideas and Problems of the Theory of Relativity</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| language = de, en</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| work = Nobel Lectures, Physics 1901\u20131921</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publisher = Nobelprice</ins>.org</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| via = Nobel Media AB 2014</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publication-place = Stockholm</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| url = https:</ins>//<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes</ins>/<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">physics/laureates/1921/einstein</ins>-<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">lecture</ins>.<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">html</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite journal</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| last = Einstein</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| first = Albert</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| year = 1924</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| title = Quantentheorie des einatomigen idealen Gases</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| trans-title = Quantum theory of monatomic ideal gases</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| language = de</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| orig-year = Published 10 July 1924</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| via = ECHO, Cultural Heritage Online, [[Max Planck Institute]] for the History of Science</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| journal = Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Physikalisch-Mathematische Klasse</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| pages = 261\u2013267</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| url = http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg</ins>.<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">de/MPIWG:DRQK5WYB</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| format = Online page images</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| url-status = dead</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| archive-url = https://web.archive</ins>.org/<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">web/20161014072015/http://echo.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/ECHOdocuView?url=%2Fpermanent%2Fecho%2Feinstein%2Fsitzungsberichte%2FPG8B073X%2Findex.meta</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| archive-date = 14 October 2016</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| access-date = 26 February 2015</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">}} First of a series of papers on this topic.</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite journal</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| last = Einstein</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| first = Albert</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| date = 12 March 1926</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| orig-year = Cover Date 1 March 1926</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| place = Berlin</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| title = Die Ursache der M\u00e4anderbildung der Flu\u00dfl\u00e4ufe und des sogenannten Baerschen Gesetzes</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| trans-title = On [[Baer's law]] and [[meander]</ins>]<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">s in the courses of rivers</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| language = de</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| journal = Die Naturwissenschaften</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| volume = 14</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| pages = 223\u2013224</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publication-place = Heidelberg, Germany</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| doi = 10.1007/BF01510300</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| bibcode = 1926NW.....14..223E</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| issue = 11</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| s2cid = 39899416</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| issn = 1432-1904 }}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite book</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| last = Einstein</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| first = Albert</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| date = 1926b</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| title = Investigations on the Theory of the Brownian Movement</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| place = Berne, Switzerland</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publisher = Dover Publications</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| editor-first = R.</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| editor-last = F\u00fcrth</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| translator-first=A. D.</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| translator-last=Cowper</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publication-date = 1956</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publication-place = US</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| url = http://www.pitt.edu/~jdnorton/lectures/Rotman_Summer_School_2013/Einstein_1905_docs/Einstein_Dissertation_English.pdf</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| access-date = 4 January 2015</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>* <ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{cite journal |last=Einstein |first=Albert |year=1931 |title=Zum kosmologischen Problem der allgemeinen Relativit\u00e4tstheorie |trans-title=On the cosmological problem of the general theory of relativity |journal=Sonderasugabe aus den Sitzungsb. K\u00f6nig. Preuss. Akad. |pages=235\u2013237}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{cite journal |last1=Einstein |first1=A. |last2=de Sitter |first2=W. |year=1932 |title=On the relation between the expansion and the mean density of the universe |journal=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |volume=18 |issue=3| pages=213\u2013214 |doi=10.1073/pnas.18.3.213| pmid=16587663 |bibcode=1932PNAS...18..213E |pmc=1076193|doi-access=free }}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{cite journal |last1=Einstein |first1=Albert |last2=Rosen |first2=Nathan |year=1935 |title=The Particle Problem in the General Theory of Relativity |journal=</ins>[<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[Physical Review]] |volume=48 |issue=1 |page=73 |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.48.73 |bibcode=1935PhRv...48...73E |doi-access=free }}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite journal</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| last1 = Einstein</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| first1 = Albert</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| last2 = Podolsky</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| first2 = Boris</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| last3 = Rosen</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| first3 = Nathan</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| date = 15 May 1935</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| title = Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete?</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| journal = Physical Review</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| via = APS Journals</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| issue = 10</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| volume = 47</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| pages = 777\u2013780</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| orig-year = Received 25 March 1935</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| doi = 10.1103/PhysRev.47.777</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| bibcode = 1935PhRv...47..777E</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| doi-access = free</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| url = https://cds.cern.ch/record/405662</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| type = Submitted manuscript</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite journal</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| last = Einstein</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| first = Albert</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| year = 1950</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| title = On the Generalized Theory of Gravitation</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| journal = Scientific American</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| volume = CLXXXII</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| issue = 4</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| pages = 13\u201317</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| doi=10.1038/scientificamerican0450-13</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| bibcode = 1950SciAm.182d..13E</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite book</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| last = Einstein</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| first = Albert</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| date = 1969</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| title = Albert Einstein, Hedwig und Max Born: Briefwechsel 1916\u20131955</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publisher = Nymphenburger Verlagshandlung</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| location = Munich</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| language = de</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| isbn = 978-3-88682-005-4</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| others=Commented by Max Born; Preface by Bertrand Russell; Foreword by Werner Heisenberg</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">}} A reprint of this book was published by Edition Erbrich in 1982, {{ISBN|978-3-88682-005-4}}.</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite book</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| editor=Stachel, John</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| editor-link=John Stachel</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| editor2=Martin J. Klein</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| editor3=A. J. Kox</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| editor4=Michel Janssen</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| editor5=R. Schulmann</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| editor6=Diana Komos Buchwald</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| display-editors=etal</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| date = 21 July 2008</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| orig-year = Published between 1987 and 2006</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| title = The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| volume = 1\u201310</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| publisher = [[Princeton University Press]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| url = https://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| ref = {{harvid|Stachel et al.|2008}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">}} Further information about the volumes published so far can be found on the webpages of the Einstein Papers Project<ref>{{cite web |title=Einstein Papers Project |url=</ins>https://www.<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">einstein.caltech.edu/index.html |publisher=California Institute of Technology |access-date=5 November 2022 |archive-date=5 November 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive</ins>.org/<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">web/20221105001523/https://www.einstein.caltech.edu/index.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> and on the Princeton University Press Einstein Page.<ref>{{cite web |title=Albert Einstein |url=http:</ins>/<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">/press.princeton.edu/einstein/ |publisher=Princeton University Press |access-date=5 November 2022}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{div col end}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">=== Popular ===</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{div col|colwidth=35em}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">*{{Cite book |title=[[Relativity: The </ins>Special <ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">and the General Theory]] |last=Einstein |first=Albert |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=1916}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">*{{Cite book |title=The Evolution of Physics |last1=Einstein |first1=Albert |publisher=Simon and Schuster |year=1938 |title-link=The Evolution of Physics |last2=Infeld |first2=Leopold |author-link2=Leopold Infeld}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite book| last = Einstein| first = Albert| date = 1954| title = Ideas and Opinions| place = New York| publisher = Crown Publishers| url = https</ins>:/<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">/archive.org/details/ideasopinions00eins}}{{br}}{{Cite book |last=Einstein |first=Albert |author-mask=6 |date=1995 |orig-year=1954 |title=Ideas and Opinions |place=New York |publisher=Three Rivers Press |isbn=978-0-517-88440-9 |url={{GBurl|id=9fJkBqwDD3sC}}}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite book| last = Einstein| first = Albert| date = 1979| edition = Centennial| title = Autobiographical Notes| place = Chicago| publisher = Open Court| isbn = 978-0-87548-352-8| others = Paul Arthur Schilpp| url-access = registration| url = https://archive.org/details/autobiographical1979eins}} The ''chasing a light beam'' thought experiment is described on pages 48\u201351.</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{div col end}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">=== Political ===</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite news| last = Einstein| first = Albert| display-authors = etal| date = 4 December 1948| title = To the editors of ''The New York Times''| newspaper = [[The New York Times]]| url = http://phys4.harvard.edu/~wilson/NYTimes1948.html| access-date = 25 May 2006| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20071217113044/http://phys4.harvard.edu/~wilson/NYTimes1948.html| archive-date = 17 December 2007| url-status = dead}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{cite journal|last=Einstein|first=Albert|date=May 1949|title=Why Socialism?|journal=[[Monthly Review]] |volume=1|issue=1|pages=9\u201315|editor1-first=Paul|editor1-last=Sweezy|editor2-first=Leo|editor2-last=Huberman |doi=10.14452/MR-001-01-1949-05_3 |url=http://monthlyreview.org/2009/05/01/why-socialism/}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">*{{Cite web |author-mask=6| last = Einstein| first = Albert| date = May 2009| orig-year= May 1949| title = Why Socialism? (Reprise)| magazine = [[Monthly Review]]| volume = 61| issue = 1 (May)| publisher = Monthly Review Foundation| via = MonthlyReview.org| location = New York| url = http://www.monthlyreview.org/598einst.htm| access-date = 16 January 2006| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20060111081948/http://www.monthlyreview.org/598einst.htm| archive-date= 11 January 2006 |url-status=live}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* Einstein, Albert (September 1960). [https://archive.org/download/gandhiwieldsweap00shar/gandhiwieldsweap00shar.pdf Foreword to ''Gandhi Wields the Weapon of Moral Power: Three Case Histories''.] Introduction by Bharatan Kumarappa. Ahmedabad: Navajivan Publishing House. pp. v\u2013vi. {{OCLC|2325889}}. Foreword originally written in April 1953.</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">== See also ==</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{div col|colwidth=25em}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Bern Historical Museum]] \u2013 Einstein Museum</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{annotated link|Einstein notation}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[Frist Campus Center]] at [[Princeton University]]{{Snd}} Room 302 is associated with Einstein. The center was once the Palmer Physical Laboratory.</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{annotated link|Heinrich Burkhardt}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{annotated link|Heinrich Zangger}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[History of gravitational theory]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{annotated link|List of coupled cousins}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[List of German inventors and discoverers]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[List of Jewish Nobel laureates]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [[List of peace activists]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{annotated link|Relativity priority dispute}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{annotated link|Sticky bead argument}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{div col end}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">== Notes ==</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{notelist}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{reflist|group=note|refs=</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=GEcitizen>Until 1913, German citizenship was acquired through citizenship in a constituent state (whose requirements varied); from 1913, uniform citizenship requirements were [[Constitution of the German Empire</ins>#<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Citizenship|set at the national level]].</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=MaturaScore>Einstein's scores on his ''[[Matura]]'' certificate: German 5; French 3; Italian 5; History 6; Geography 4; Algebra 6; Geometry 6; Descriptive Geometry 6; Physics 6; Chemistry 5; Natural History 5; Art Drawing 4; Technical Drawing 4.{{br}}[[Grading systems by country#Switzerland|Scale]]: 6 = very good, 5 = good, 4 = sufficient, 3 = insufficient, 2 = poor, 1 = very poor.</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"gnriE\">\"Their leaders in Germany have not driven out her cut-throats and her blackguards. She has chosen the cream of her culture and has suppressed it. She has even turned upon her most glorious citizen, Albert Einstein, who is the supreme example of the selfless intellectual...The man, who, beyond all others, approximates a citizen of the world, is without a home. How proud we must be to offer him temporary shelter.\"</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"aBfxO\">In [[s:Translation:On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies|his paper]], Einstein wrote: \"The introduction of a 'luminiferous \u00e6ther' will be proved to be superfluous in so far, as according to the conceptions which will be developed, we shall introduce neither a 'space absolutely at rest' endowed with special properties, nor shall we associate a velocity-vector with a point in which electro-magnetic processes take place.\"</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"sBl2q\">For a discussion of the reception of relativity theory around the world, and the different controversies it encountered, see the articles in {{harvp|Glick|1987}}.</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">== References ==</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><references></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"Bio\">{{cite web |url=http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html |title=Albert Einstein{{spaces}}\u2013 Biography |access-date=7 March 2007 |publisher=[[Nobel Foundation]]| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070306133522/http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-bio.html| archive-date= 6 March 2007 | url-status=live}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"frs\">{{cite journal |last1=Whittaker |first1=E. |author-link=E. T. Whittaker| doi=10.1098/rsbm.1955.0005 |title=Albert Einstein. 1879\u20131955 |journal=[[Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society]] |volume=1 |pages=37\u201367 |date=1 November 1955| jstor=769242| doi-access=free}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"YangHamilton2010\">{{cite book|first1=Fujia|last1=Yang|first2=Joseph H.|last2=Hamilton|title=Modern Atomic and Nuclear Physics|date=2010|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4277-16-7|page=274}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"Nobel\">{{Cite web|url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf|title=Scientific Background on the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The accelerating universe|publisher=Nobel Media AB|page=2|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120516052710/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/2011/advanced-physicsprize2011.pdf|archive-date=16 May 2012|access-date=4 January 2015}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"NYT-20151124\">{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye |title=A Century Ago, Einstein's Theory of Relativity Changed Everything |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/24/science/a-century-ago-einsteins-theory-of-relativity-changed-everything.html |archive-date=1 January 2022 |url-access=limited |date=24 November 2015 |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=24 November 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"BoyerDubofsky2001\">{{cite book|author1=Paul S. Boyer|author2=Melvyn Dubofsky|title=The Oxford Companion to United States History|url=https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00paul_0|url-access=registration |date=2001 |publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-508209-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/oxfordcompaniont00paul_0/page/218 218]}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"Paul Arthur Schilpp, editor 1951 730\u2013746\">{{Cite book |editor=Paul Arthur Schilpp |date=1951 |title=Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist |volume=II |publisher=Harper and Brothers Publishers (Harper Torchbook edition) |location=New York |pages=730\u2013746}}. His non-scientific works include: ''About Zionism: Speeches and Lectures by Professor Albert Einstein'' (1930), \"Why War?\" (1933, co-authored by [[Sigmund Freud]]), ''The World As I See It'' (1934), ''Out of My Later Years'' (1950), and a book on science </ins>for <ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">the general reader, ''[[The Evolution of Physics]]'' (1938, co-authored by [[Leopold Infeld]]).</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"wordnetweb.princeton.edu\">{{Cite web |url=http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |title=Result of WordNet Search for Einstein |version=3.1 |publisher=The Trustees of Princeton University |access-date=4 January 2015 |archive-date=28 August 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828054753/http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Einstein |url-status=live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"Robinson2015a\">{{cite book|last=Robinson|first=Andrew|author-link=Walter Isaacson|title=Einstein: A Hundred Years of Relativity|url={{GBurl|id=Px4_CQAAQBAJ|p=144}}|year=2015|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-16989-7|pages=143\u2013145|access-date=19 July 2016}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><!--<ref name=\"Kleinknecht2015\">{{cite book|last=Kleinknecht|first=Konrad|title=Einstein and Heisenberg|publisher=Springer Nature|date=2019|page=143}}</ref>--></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"IGEFAQ\">{{cite web |title=FAQ about Einstein and the Institute |url=https://www.ige.ch/en/about-us/the-history-of-the-ipi/einstein/faq |publisher=Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property, IGE/IPI |location=Berne, Switzerland |date=27 May 2014 |type=official website |access-date=27 March 2015 |archive-date=12 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210612105555/https://www.ige.ch/en/about-us/the-history-of-the-ipi/einstein/faq |url-status=live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"NYTimes_19191125\">{{cite news |title=A New Physics, Based on Einstein |url=https://newspaperarchive.com/new-york-times-nov-25-1919-p-17/ |work=The New York Times |date=25 November 1919 |page=17 |access-date=8 June 2019 |archive-date=8 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190608033600/https://newspaperarchive.com/new-york-times-nov-25-1919-p-17/ |url-status=live |url-access=subscription}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"Eddington\">{{cite journal |last=Andrzej |first=Stasiak |year=2003 |title=Myths in science |journal=EMBO Reports |volume=4 |issue=3 |page=236 |doi=10.1038/sj.embor.embor779 |doi-access=free |pmc=1315907}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"Jerome\">{{cite book|author1=Fred Jerome|author2=Rodger Taylor|title=Einstein on Race and Racism|url={{GBurl|id=4d79VQdOfFUC|pg=PR10}}|year=2006|publisher=Rutgers University Press|isbn=978-0-8135-3952-2|page=10|access-date=18 June 2015}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"Gilbert\">Gilbert, Martin. ''Churchill and the Jews'', Henry Holt and Company, N.Y. (2007) pp. 101, 176</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"AP\">\"Denunciation of German Policy is a Stirring Event\", Associated Press, 27 July 1933</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"Guardian\">\"Stateless Jews: The Exiles from Germany, Nationality Plan\", ''The Guardian'' (UK) 27 July 1933</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"Arntzenius2011\">{{cite book|first=Linda G.|last=Arntzenius|title=Institute for Advanced Study|url={{GBurl|id=zHHguITir80C|p=19}}|date=2011|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|isbn=978-0-7385-7409-7|page=19|access-date=18 June 2015}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"Jerome_Isis\">{{cite journal|last1=Jerome|first1=Fred|title=Einstein, Race, and the Myth of the Cultural Icon|journal=Isis|date=December 2004|volume=95|issue=4|pages=627\u2013639 |doi=10.1086/430653 |pmid=16011298 |jstor=10.1086/430653 |bibcode=2004Isis...95..627J |s2cid=24738716}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"civil\">{{cite web| url = http://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2007/04/albert-einstein-civil-rights-activist/| title = Albert Einstein, Civil Rights activist| date = 12 April 2007| access-date = 8 June 2014| archive-date = 2 March 2018| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180302182248/https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2007/04/albert-einstein-civil-rights-activist/| url-status = live}}, ''Harvard Gazette'', 12 April 2007</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"Time\">{{cite magazine |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,817454,00.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080518022224/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,817454,00.html |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 May 2008 |title=ISRAEL: Einstein Declines |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |date=1 December 1952 |access-date=31 March 2010}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"Botstein\">{{cite book|author1=Peter Galison|author1-link=Peter Galison|author2=Gerald James Holton|author2-link=Gerald Holton|author3=Silvan S. Schweber|author3-link=Silvan S. Schweber|title=Einstein for the 21st Century: His Legacy in Science, Art, and Modern Culture|url=https://archive.org/details/einsteinforstcen00gali|url-access=limited|year=2008|publisher=Princeton University Press|isbn=978-0-691-13520-5|pages=[https://archive.org/details/einsteinforstcen00gali/page/n181 161]\u2013164}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"Times\">{{Cite web |last=Cariaga |first=Daniel |date=22 December 1985 |title=Not Taking It with You: A Tale of Two Estates |url=https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-12-22-ca-20526-story.html |access-date=14 March 2025 |website=[[Los Angeles Times]] |language=en-US}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"RR\">{{cite web |title=Relaxed Einstein signs for a fellow violinist before sailing to Germany for the last time |url=http://www.rrauction.com/albert_einstein_signed_photo_to_joseph_zoellner.cfm |website=RR Auction |year=2010 |access-date=6 June 2012 |archive-date=24 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130524160226/http://www.rrauction.com/albert_einstein_signed_photo_to_joseph_zoellner.cfm |url-status=live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"Albano-M\u00fcller\">{{cite web |url=http://www.gandhiserve.org/streams/einstein.html |title=Einstein on Gandhi (Einstein's letter to Gandhi{{Snd}} Courtesy:Saraswati Albano-M\u00fcller & Notes by Einstein on Gandhi{{Snd}} Source: The Hebrew University of Jerusalem) |publisher=Gandhiserve.org |date=18 October 1931 |access-date=24 January 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117104005/http://www.gandhiserve.org/streams/einstein.html |archive-date=17 January 2012}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"flickr2687\">{{cite web| url = http://farm3.static.flickr.com/2687/4496554935_0b573db853_o.jpg| title = Letter to M. Berkowitz, 25 October 1950.| access-date = 16 February 2017}} Einstein Archive 59\u2013215.</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"Obit\">{{cite news | title = Dr. Albert Einstein Dies in Sleep at 76; World Mourns Loss of Great Scientist, Rupture of Aorta Causes Death, Body Cremated, Memorial Here Set | work = The New York Times | publication-date = 19 April 1955 | publication-place = New York | date = 18 April 1955 | place = Princeton, NJ | volume = CIV | number = 35,514 | issn = 0362-4331 | editor = Late City | page = 1 | url = http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F60C1EFC3D55107A93CBA8178FD85F418585F9 | access-date = 24 May 2014 | archive-date = 25 May 2014 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140525200758/http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F60C1EFC3D55107A93CBA8178FD85F418585F9 | url-status = live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"NYT-20141204-DB\">{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |author-link=Dennis Overbye |title=Thousands of Einstein Documents Are Now a Click Away |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/05/science/huge-trove-of-albert-einstein-documents-becomes-available-online.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/05/science/huge-trove-of-albert-einstein-documents-becomes-available-online.html |archive-date=1 January 2022 |url-access=limited |date=4 December 2014 |work=The New York Times |access-date=4 January 2015}}{{cbignore}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"Instituut-Lorentz\">\"{{cite web| url = http://www.lorentz.leidenuniv.nl/history/Einstein_archive/| title = Einstein archive at the Instituut-Lorentz| access-date = 21 August 2005| archive-date = 19 May 2015| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20150519023226/http://www.lorentz.leidenuniv.nl/history/Einstein_archive/| url-status = live}}\". ''Instituut-Lorentz''. 2005. Retrieved 21 November 2005.</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"PubList\">{{cite web |first=Hans-Josef |last=Kuepper |url=http://www.einstein-website.de/z_physics/wisspub-e.html |title=List of Scientific Publications of Albert Einstein |publisher=Einstein-website.de |access-date=3 April 2011 |archive-date=8 May 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130508071317/http://www.einstein-website.de/z_physics/wisspub-e.html |url-status=live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"natgeo\">{{cite news|url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/02/160211-gravitational-waves-found-spacetime-science/ |title=Found! Gravitational Waves, or a Wrinkle in Spacetime |author=Nadia Drake |author-link=Nadia Drake |work=National Geographic |date=11 February 2016 |access-date=6 July 2016 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160212083049/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016/02/160211-gravitational-waves-found-spacetime-science/ |archive-date=12 February 2016 }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"PRL-20160211\">{{cite journal |collaboration=LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration |last1=Abbott |first1=Benjamin P. |title=Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Black Hole Merger |journal=[[Phys. Rev. Lett.]] |volume=116 |issue=6 |article-number=061102 |year=2016 |bibcode=2016PhRvL.116f1102A |doi=10.1103/PhysRevLett.116.061102 |arxiv=1602.03837 |s2cid=124959784 |pmid=26918975 |url=https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/system/media_files/binaries/301/original/detection-science-summary.pdf |access-date=6 July 2016 |archive-date=16 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160216132808/https://www.ligo.caltech.edu/system/media_files/binaries/301/original/detection-science-summary.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"cor-2013\">{{Cite journal|arxiv=1312.2192|last1=O'Raifeartaigh|first1=C|title=Einstein's cosmic model of 1931 revisited: An analysis and translation of a forgotten model of the universe|journal=The European Physical Journal H|volume=39|issue=2014|pages=63\u201385|last2=McCann|first2=B|year=2014|doi=10.1140/epjh/e2013-40038-x|bibcode=2014EPJH...39...63O|s2cid=53419239|url=http://repository.wit.ie/2867/1/cosmic.pdf|access-date=31 December 2019|archive-date=29 September 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929102551/https://repository.wit.ie/2867/1/cosmic.pdf|url-status=live}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"cor-steady-state\">{{cite journal |last1=O'Raifeartaigh |first1=C. |last2=McCann |first2=B. |last3=Nahm |first3=W. |last4=Mitton |first4=S. |year=2014 |title=Einstein's steady-state theory: an abandoned model of the cosmos |arxiv=1402.0132 |journal=Eur. Phys. J. H |volume=39 |issue=3 |pages=353\u2013369 |doi=10.1140/epjh/e2014-50011-x |bibcode=2014EPJH...39..353O |s2cid=38384067 |url=http://repository.wit.ie/2866/1/cormac.pdf |access-date=31 December 2019 |archive-date=29 September 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200929120033/https://repository.wit.ie/2866/1/cormac.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"Einstein's aborted model\">{{Cite book |arxiv= 1402.4099 |last1= Nussbaumer|first1= Harry|chapter= Einstein's aborted attempt at a dynamic steady-state universe|year= 2014|title=In memoriam Hilmar Duerbeck |page=463|isbn=978-3-944913-56-8|bibcode=2014arXiv1402.4099N}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"Bohr1949\">{{cite web |url=http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/dk/bohr.htm |title=Discussions with Einstein on Epistemological Problems in Atomic Physics |access-date=30 August 2010 |author=Bohr, N. |website=The Value of Knowledge: A Miniature Library of Philosophy |publisher=[[Marxists Internet Archive]]| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100913033345/http://www.marxists.org/reference/subject/philosophy/works/dk/bohr.htm| archive-date= 13 September 2010 |url-status=live}} From Albert Einstein: Philosopher-Scientist (1949), publ. Cambridge University Press, 1949. Niels Bohr's report of conversations with Einstein.</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"Goettling\">Goettling, Gary. {{cite web| url = http://gtalumni.org/Publications/magazine/sum98/einsrefr.html| title = Einstein's refrigerator| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20050525082445/http://gtalumni.org/Publications/magazine/sum98/einsrefr.html| archive-date = 25 May 2005}} ''Georgia Tech Alumni Magazine''. 1998. Retrieved 12 November 2014. [[Le\u00f3 Szil\u00e1rd]], a Hungarian physicist who later worked on the Manhattan Project, is credited with the discovery of the [[chain reaction]]</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"slqbwn\">{{Cite news |last=Golden |first=Frederic |title=Person of the Century: Albert Einstein |magazine=Time |date=3 January 2000 |url=https://www.time.com/time/time100/poc/magazine/albert_einstein5a.html |access-date= 25 February 2006 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060221080452/http://www.time.com/time/time100/poc/magazine/albert_einstein5a.html| archive-date=21 February 2006 |url-status=dead}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"Nobel Prize\">{{cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/ |title=The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921 |publisher=Nobel Prize |access-date=11 July 2016 |archive-date=3 July 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180703190346/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/ |url-status=live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><!-- unused</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"66xNO\">{{cite book |editor-last=Heilbron |editor-first=John L. |title=The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science |url={{GBurl|id=abqjP-_KfzkC|p=233}} |date=2003 |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-974376-6 |page=233 |access-date=19 July 2016}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">--></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"NDxay\">{{cite book|editor-last=Wells|editor-first=John|editor-link=John C. Wells|title=Longman Pronunciation Dictionary|publisher=Pearson Longman|edition=3rd|date=3 April 2008|isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"LnLVo\">{{cite book |first=David |last=Bodanis |title=E{{spaces}}={{spaces}}mc<sup>2</sup>: A Biography of the World's Most Famous Equation |location=New York |publisher=Walker |date=2000}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"zE9Bz\">{{cite journal |date=9 June 2017 |first=Thomas |last=Levenson |journal=The Atlantic |title=The Scientist and the Fascist |url=https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/ |access-date=23 August 2018 |archive-date=12 May 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190512133141/https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2017/06/einstein-germany-and-the-bomb/528534/ |url-status=live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"EQyag\">Barry R. Parker (2003). ''Einstein: The Passions of a Scientist'', Prometheus Books, p. 31</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"1RgTv\">{{cite book|last=Mehra|first=Jagdish|title=Golden Age Of Theoretical Physics, The (Boxed Set Of 2 Vols)|url={{GBurl|id=o1XVCgAAQBAJ}}|year=2001|publisher=World Scientific|isbn=978-981-4492-85-0|chapter=Albert Einstein's \"First Paper\"|chapter-url={{GBurl|id=o1XVCgAAQBAJ|p=1}}|access-date=5 January 2021}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"FVfDU\">''The Three-body Problem from Pythagoras to Hawking'', Mauri Valtonen, Joanna Anosova, Konstantin Kholshevnikov, Aleksandr Myll\u00e4ri, Victor Orlov, Kiyotaka Tanikawa, (Springer 2016), p. 43, Simon and Schuster, 2008</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"7HA7H\">{{Cite journal |author=Troemel-Ploetz, D. |title=Mileva Einstein-Mari\u0107: The Woman Who Did Einstein's Mathematics |journal=Women's Studies International Forum |year=1990 |volume=13 |issue=5 |pages=415\u2013432 |doi=10.1016/0277-5395(90)90094-e}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"1zJdH\">{{Cite journal |url=http://philosci40.unibe.ch/lehre/winter99/einstein/Walker_Stachel.pdf |title=Did Einstein Espouse his Spouse's Ideas? |author=Walker, Evan Harris |date=February 1989 |journal=Physics Today |volume=42 |issue=2 |pages=9\u201313 |access-date=19 October 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119093653/http://philosci40.unibe.ch/lehre/winter99/einstein/Walker_Stachel.pdf |archive-date=19 January 2012 |url-status=dead|doi=10.1063/1.2810898 |bibcode=1989PhT....42b...9W}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"xKrMG\">Holton, G., ''Einstein, History, and Other Passions'', Harvard University Press, 1996, pp. 177\u2013193.</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"dUxMl\">Martinez, A. A., \"Handling evidence in history: the case of Einstein's wife\", ''School Science Review'', 86 (316), March 2005, pp. 49\u201356. {{cite web| url = https://webspace.utexas.edu/aam829/1/m/Maric_files/EvidenceMaric.pdf| title = PDF| access-date = 11 August 2011| archive-date = 11 August 2011| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110811141225/https://webspace.utexas.edu/aam829/1/m/Maric_files/EvidenceMaric.pdf| url-status = dead}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"HBMes\">{{Cite book |url=https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691088860/albert-einstein-mileva-maric |title=Albert Einstein, Mileva Maric: The Love Letters |date=16 November 2000 |publisher=[[Princeton University Press]] |isbn=978-0-691-08886-0 |editor-last=Renn |editor-first=J\u00fcrgen |language=en |translator-last=Smith |translator-first=Shawn |editor-last2=Schulmann |editor-first2=Robert|pages=73\u201374, 78}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"MlQLY\">{{cite news |url=http://www.bernerzeitung.ch/region/bern/Die-Liebesbriefe-des-untreuen-Einstein/story/11875058 |first=Urs |last=W\u00fcthrich |title=Die Liebesbriefe des untreuen Einstein |trans-title=The love letters of the unfaithful Einstein |newspaper=[[Berner Zeitung]] |location=Bern, Switzerland |date=11 April 2015 |</ins>language<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">=de |quote=Ich denke in innigster Liebe an Dich in jeder freien Minute und bin so ungl\u00fccklich, wie nur ein Mensch es sein kann. |access-date=11 April 2015 |archive-date=16 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150416075918/http://www.bernerzeitung.ch/region/bern/Die-Liebesbriefe-des-untreuen-Einstein/story/11875058 |url-status=live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"ODY5p\">{{cite web |url=http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Grossmann.html |title=Grossmann biography |website=MacTutor |publisher=School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland |author=J. J. O'Connor |author2=E. F. Robertson |date=May 2010 |access-date=27 March 2015 |archive-date=10 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910072254/http://www-history.mcs.st-and.ac.uk/Biographies/Grossmann.html |url-status=live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"MeZPN\">{{cite web |title=Einstein at the patent office |url=https://www.ipi.ch/en/about-us/einstein/einstein-at-the-patent-office.html |publisher=Swiss Federal Institute of Intellectual Property, IGE/IPI |location=Berne, Switzerland |date=6 February 2014 |type=official website |access-date=9 September 2016 |archive-date=30 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160830195148/https://www.ipi.ch/en/about-us/einstein/einstein-at-the-patent-office.html |url-status=dead }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"bG2yp\">{{cite web |url=http://www.library.ethz.ch/en/Resources/Digital-library/Einstein-Online/Associate-Professor-at-the-Universiy-of-Zurich-und-professor-in-Prague-1909-1912 |title=Associate Professor at the University of Zurich und professor in Prague (1909\u20131912) |publisher=ETH-Bibliothek Z\u00fcrich, ETH Z\u00fcrich, www.ethz.ch |location=Bern, Switzerland |series=Einstein Online |year=2014 |type=digital library |language=de, en |access-date=17 August 2014 |archive-date=21 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821032129/http://www.library.ethz.ch/en/Resources/Digital-library/Einstein-Online/Associate-Professor-at-the-Universiy-of-Zurich-und-professor-in-Prague-1909-1912 |url-status=dead }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"hXQin\">{{cite web |url=http://www.library.ethz.ch/en/Resources/Digital-library/Einstein-Online/Professor-at-the-ETH-Zurich-1912-1914 |title=Professor at the ETH Zurich (1912\u20131914) |publisher=ETH-Bibliothek Z\u00fcrich, ETH Z\u00fcrich, www.ethz.ch |location=Zurich, Switzerland |series=Einstein Online |year=2014 |type=digital library |language=de, en |access-date=17 August 2014 |archive-date=21 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140821032349/http://www.library.ethz.ch/en/Resources/Digital-library/Einstein-Online/Professor-at-the-ETH-Zurich-1912-1914 |url-status=dead }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"EXcH6\">{{cite web|title=Director in the attic|url=https://www.mpg.de/dossier/einstein/in-berlin|publisher=Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, M\u00fcnchen|access-date=9 July 2017|archive-date=31 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170131021344/https://www.mpg.de/dossier/einstein/in-berlin|url-status=dead}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"3gcYy\">{{cite web |url=http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/biografie/pmknaw/?pagetype=authorDetail&aId=PE00000116 |title=Albert Einstein (1879\u20131955) |publisher=Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences |access-date=21 July 2015 |archive-date=23 September 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150923225403/http://www.dwc.knaw.nl/biografie/pmknaw/?pagetype=authorDetail&aId=PE00000116 |url-status=live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"7gwHd\">{{cite web| url = http://www.einsteinsworld.com/News-New-York-Herald-Tribune-1931-As-Einstein-Sees-America.htm| title = As Einstein Sees America| access-date = 25 May 2014| archive-date = 25 February 2020| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200225121713/http://www.einsteinsworld.com/news-new-york-herald-tribune-1931-as-einstein-sees-america.htm| url-status = dead}}, ''Einstein's World'', a 1931 reprint with minor changes, of his 1921 essay.</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"38YkY\">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/einsteins-travel-diaries-reveal-shocking-xenophobia|title=Einstein's travel diaries reveal 'shocking' xenophobia|last=Flood|first=Alison|date=12 June 2018|work=[[The Guardian</ins>]<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">]|access-date=13 June 2018|archive-date=17 January 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190117005146/https://www.theguardian.com/books/2018/jun/12/einsteins-travel-diaries-reveal-shocking-xenophobia|url-status=live}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"oxak7\">{{cite web| url = https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-speech.html| title = The Nobel Prize in Physics 1921: Albert Einstein. Banquet Speech by R. Nadolny (in German).| access-date = 13 June 2017| archive-date = 12 June 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170612114023/http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1921/einstein-speech.html| url-status = live}} Retrieved 9 December 2015 via Nobelprize.org</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"w74nv\">{{Cite journal|last=Montes-Santiago|first=J.|date=16 July 2017|title=</ins>[<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">The meeting of Einstein with Cajal (Madrid, 1923): a lost tide of fortune]|journal=Revista de Neurolog\u00eda|volume=43|issue=2|pages=113\u2013117|issn=0210-0010|pmid=16838259}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"Q5hgx\">{{cite book |last=Grandjean |first=Martin |date=2018 |title=Les r\u00e9seaux de la coop\u00e9ration intellectuelle. La Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 des Nations comme actrice des \u00e9changes scientifiques et culturels dans l'entre-deux-guerres |trans-title=The Networks of Intellectual Cooperation. The League of Nations as an Actor of the Scientific and Cultural Exchanges in the Inter-War Period |url=https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01853903/document |language=fr |location=Lausanne |publisher=Universit\u00e9 de Lausanne |access-date=18 September 2018 |archive-date=12 September 2018 |archive-url=</ins>https<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">://web.archive.org/web/20180912022034/https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01853903/document |url-status=live }} pp. 296\u2013302</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"vNNnX\">{{Cite journal | issue = 2| last=Grandjean| first=Martin| title=Analisi e visualizzazioni delle reti in storia. L'esempio della cooperazione intellettuale della Societ\u00e0 delle Nazioni | journal=Memoria e Ricerca |year=2017| pages=371\u2013393| doi=10.14647/87204}} See also: {{cite journal| url = https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01610098v2| title = French version| year = 2017| issue = 2| doi = 10.14647/87204| access-date = 1 December 2017| archive-date = 7 November 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20171107004313/https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01610098v2| url-status = live| author1 = Martin Grandjean| journal = Memoria e Ricerca| pages = 371\u2013393}} (PDF) and {{cite web| url = http</ins>://www.<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">martingrandjean.ch/complex-structures-and-international-organizations/| title = English summary| access-date = 1 December 2017| archive-date = 2 November 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive</ins>.org/<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">web/20171102034717/http:/</ins>/<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">www.martingrandjean.ch/complex-structures-and-international-organizations/| url-status = live}}.</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"e9Xyh\">{{Cite journal | last = Shine| first = Cormac| title = Papal Diplomacy by Proxy? Catholic Internationalism at the League of Nations' International Committee on Intellectual Cooperation | journal = [[The Journal of Ecclesiastical History]] | volume = 69| issue = 4| pages = 785\u2013805|year = 2018 | doi = 10.1017/S0022046917002731}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"el4GB\">{{cite web |url=http://www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/albert-einstein-how-i-see-the-world/585/ |title=Albert Einstein: How I See the World |website=American Masters |publisher=PBS |author=Richard Kroehling |date=July 1991 |access-date=29 May 2018 |archive-date=14 November 2011 |archive-url=https</ins>:/<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">/web.archive.org/web/20111114020538/http</ins>:<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">//www.pbs.org/wnet/americanmasters/episodes/albert-einstein/</ins>how<ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">-i-see-the-world/585/ |url-status=live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"3zIp7\">{{cite web| url = http://collection.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects/co8223551/professor-einstein-with-commander-locker-lampson-gelatin-silver-print-photograph| title = Professor Einstein with Commander Locker-Lampson| access-date = 2 June 2017| archive-date = 6 September 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170906091509/http://collection.sciencemuseum.org.uk/objects/co8223551/professor-einstein-with-commander-locker-lampson-gelatin-silver-print-photograph| url-status = live}}, ScienceMuseum.org, UK</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"aDu8s\">{{cite web | last=Reisman | first=Arnold | url=http://hnn.us/article/31946 | title=What a Freshly Discovered Einstein Letter Says About Turkey Today | publisher=History News Network, George Mason University | date=20 November 2006 | access-date=2 June 2014 | archive-date=17 April 2014 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140417075103/http://hnn.us/article/31946 | url-status=live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"FFt5E\">{{cite web |publisher=Oxford Chabad Society |url=http://www.oxfordchabad.org/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/457396/jewish/Albert-Einstein.htm |title=Oxford Jewish Personalities |access-date=7 March 2015 |archive-date=12 January 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160112172707/http://www.oxfordchabad.org/templates/articlecco_cdo/aid/457396/jewish/Albert-Einstein.htm |url-status=live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"v8v06\">{{cite news |newspaper=The Oxford Times |year=2012 |url=http://www.oxfordtimes.co.uk/leisure/history_heritage/9617968.How_Einstein_fled_from_the_Nazis_to_an_Oxford_college/ |title=How Einstein fled from the Nazis </ins>to <ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">an Oxford college |access-date=7 March 2015 |archive-date=2 April 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402094400/http://www.oxfordtimes.co.uk/leisure/history_heritage/9617968.How_Einstein_fled_from_the_Nazis_to_an_Oxford_college/ |url-status=live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"mzNc5\">{{cite web |url=http://www.ias.edu/people/einstein/in-brief |title=In Brief |date=10 September 2009 |publisher=Institute for Advanced Study |access-date=4 March 2010| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100329064405/http://www.ias.edu/people/einstein/in-brief| archive-date= 29 March 2010 |url-status=live}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"o4fkQ\">{{cite web |last=Gosling |first=F. G. |title=The Manhattan Project: Making the Atomic Bomb |publisher=U.S. Department of Energy, History Division |year=2010 |url=http://energy.gov/management/downloads/gosling-manhattan-project-making-atomic-bomb |page=vii |access-date=7 June 2015 |archive-date=13 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150613145416/http://energy.gov/management/downloads/gosling-manhattan-project-making-atomic-bomb |url-status=live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"pRqWK\">{{cite book |last1=Lanouette |first1=William |last2=Silard |first2=Bela |title=Genius in the Shadows: A Biography of Leo Szil\u00e1rd: The Man Behind The Bomb |location=New York |publisher=Charles Scribner's Sons |date=1992 |isbn=978-0-684-19011-2 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/geniusinshadowsa00lano/page/198 198\u2013200] |url=https://archive.org/details/geniusinshadowsa00lano/page/198}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"4Z68g\">{{cite book |last1=Diehl |first1=Sarah J. |last2=Moltz |first2=James Clay |title=Nuclear Weapons and Nonproliferation: A Reference Handbook |url={{GBurl|id=3PN-NEfl_U0C|p=218}} |date=2008 |publisher=ABC-CLIO |page=218 |isbn=978-1-59884-071-1 |access-date=7 June 2015 }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"eZym8\">{{cite book |last1=Hewlett |first1=Richard G. |last2=Anderson |first2=Oscar E. |title=The New World, 1939\u20131946 |location=University Park |publisher=Pennsylvania State University Press |date=1962 |url=https://www.governmentattic.org/5docs/TheNewWorld1939-1946.pdf |pages=15\u201316 |oclc=637004643 |access-date=7 June 2015 |archive-date=26 September 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190926065049/https://www.governmentattic.org/5docs/TheNewWorld1939-1946.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"z73PK\">{{cite web |last=Einstein |first=Albert |year=1952 |title=On My Participation in the Atom Bomb Project |url=http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/Hiroshima/EinsteinResponse.shtml |via=atomicarchive.org |access-date=7 June 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828230457/http://www.atomicarchive.com/Docs/Hiroshima/EinsteinResponse.shtml |archive-date=28 August 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"Msb2q\">{{cite book|last1=Rosenkranz|first1=Ze'ev|title=The Einstein Scrapbook|date=6 November 2002|publisher=[[Johns Hopkins University Press]]|location=Baltimore, Maryland|isbn=978-0-8018-7203-7|page=103}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"BQH5A\">{{cite news|title = The relative beauty of the violin|date = 28 January 2011|url = https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/classical/features/the-relative-beauty-of-the-violin-2196313.html|work = [[The Independent]]|author = Duchen, Jessica|author-link = Jessica Duchen|access-date = 23 August 2017|archive-date = 22 July 2020|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20200722171721/https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/classical/features/the-relative-beauty-of-the-violin-2196313.html|url-status = live}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"aBOjz\">{{cite news|title=Einstein and his love of music |date=January 2005 |url=http://www.pha.jhu.edu/einstein/stuff/einstein&music.pdf |publisher=[[Physics World]] |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150828225916/http://www.pha.jhu.edu/einstein/stuff/einstein%26music.pdf |archive-date=28 August 2015 }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"kGuWC\">Article \"Alfred Einstein\", in ''[[The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians]]'', ed. [[Stanley Sadie]]. 20 vol. London, Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1980. {{ISBN|978-1-56159-174-9}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"OIn6p\">''The Concise Edition of [[Baker's Biographical Dictionary of Musicians]]'', 8th ed. Revised by [[Nicolas Slonimsky]]. New York, Schirmer Books, 1993. {{ISBN|978-0-02-872416-4}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"LXsUJ\">{{cite web |first1=David E. |last1=Rowe |last2=Schulmann |first2=Robert |editor1-first=Walsh |editor1-last=David A. |title=What Were Einstein's Politics? |work=[[History News Network]] |date=8 June 2007a |url=http://hnn.us/articles/39445.html |access-date=29 July 2012 |archive-date=3 February 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190203065834/http://hnn.us/articles/39445.html |url-status=live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"ixWWZ\">{{cite magazine| url=http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/04/science-march-einstein-fbi-genius-science/| first=Mitch| last=Waldrop| title=Why the FBI Kept a 1,400-Page File on Einstein| magazine=National Geographic| date=19 April 2017| access-date=7 June 2017| archive-date=26 May 2017| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170526164434/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2017/04/science-march-einstein-fbi-genius-science/| url-status=dead}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"018QJ\">{{cite book|editor-last=Hitchens|editor-first=Christopher|editor-link=Christopher Hitchens |year=2007|chapter=Selected Writings </ins>on <ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">Religion: Albert Einstein|title=The Portable Atheist: Essential Readings for the Nonbeliever|title-link=The Portable Atheist|publisher=Da Capo Press |page=155 |isbn=978-0-306-81608-6}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"mKToJ\">Dowbiggin, Ian (2003). ''A Merciful End''. New York: Oxford University Press, {{cite book| url = {{GBurl|id=E1AKtIEIIvUC|p=41}}| title = p. 41.| isbn = 978-0-19-803515-2| last1 = Dowbiggin| first1 = Ian| date = 9 January 2003| publisher = Oxford University Press| access-date = 26 March 2018}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"xI99y\">{{cite news |last=Dvorsky |first=George |url=http://io9.com/5954119/einsteins-i-dont-believe-in-god-letter-has-sold-on-ebay--and-youre-not-going-to-believe-the-price |title=Einstein's 'I don't believe in God' letter has sold on eBay... |date=23 October 2012 |website=io9 |access-date=23 April 2019 |archive-date=9 December 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151209103816/http://io9.com/5954119/einsteins-i-dont-believe-in-god-letter-has-sold-on-ebay--and-youre-not-going-to-believe-the-price |url-status=live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"BXLfp\">{{Cite web|url=http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/436253|title=The Case of the Scientist with a Pulsating Mass|date=14 June 2002|website=[[Medscape]]|access-date=11 June 2007|archive-date=8 July 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090708043220/http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/436253|url-status=live}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"QN45b\">{{Cite web |author=Albert Einstein Archives |title=Draft of projected Telecast Israel Independence Day, April 1955 (last statement ever written) |publisher=Einstein Archives Online |date=April 1955 |url=http://alberteinstein.info/vufind1/Digital/EAR000020078#page/1/mode/1up |access-date=14 March 2007 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20070313231657/http://www.alberteinstein.info/| archive-date= 13 March 2007 |url-status=live}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"BhiNM\">{{Cite journal |date=November 1995 |author=Cohen, J. R. |author2=Graver, L. M. |title=The ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm of Albert Einstein |volume =170 |issue=5 |pages =455\u2013458 |journal=Surgery, Gynecology & Obstetrics |pmid=2183375 }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"YUhsl\">{{cite magazine |url=https://time.com/3494553/the-day-albert-einstein-died-a-photographers-story/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141112114029/http://time.com/3494553/the-day-albert-einstein-died-a-photographers-story/ |url-status=live |archive-date=12 November 2014 |author=Cosgrove, Ben |title=The Day Albert Einstein Died: A Photographer's Story |date=14 March 2014 |magazine=[[Time (magazine)|Time]] |access-date=24 April 2018}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"MqyYW\">{{Cite news |url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4602913 |title=The Long, Strange Journey of Einstein's Brain |access-date=3 October 2007 |publisher=[[NPR]] |archive-date=14 July 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190714011830/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=4602913 |url-status=live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"GQrBZ\">{{Cite book |last1 =O'Connor |first1 =J. J. |last2 =Robertson |first2 =E.F. |chapter =Albert Einstein |title =The MacTutor History of Mathematics archive |publisher =School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St. Andrews |date =1997 |chapter-url =http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Einstein.html |access-date =11 March 2007 |archive-date =13 February 2007 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20070213223549/http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Einstein.html |url-status =live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"aJHxn\">{{cite journal|last1=Oppenheimer|first1=J. Robert|author-link=J. Robert Oppenheimer|title=Oppenheimer on Einstein|journal=[[Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists]]|date=March 1979|volume=35|issue=3|page=38|url={{GBurl|id=7goAAAAAMBAJ|p=38}}|bibcode=1979BuAtS..35c..36O|doi=10.1080/00963402.1979.11458597|access-date=12 January 2017}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"e5xd8\">{{cite journal | title = Investigations into the origin of Einstein's Sink | journal = Studium | year = 2019 | volume = 11 | issue = 4 | pages = 260\u2013268 | last1 = Pietrow | first1 = Alexander G. 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|date=1995 |isbn=978-0-471-30606-1 |page=[https://archive.org/details/sevenideasthatsh00spie_874/page/n276 263]}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"RhZ8x\">{{cite book |title=The quantum beat: principles and applications of atomic clocks |edition=2nd |first1=Fouad G. |last1=Major |publisher=Springer |date=2007 |isbn=978-0-387-69533-4 |page=142 |url={{GBurl|id=tmdr6Wx_2PYC}} |access-date=18 June 2015 }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"lhfJ9\">{{cite book |title=Foundations of physics |first1=Robert Bruce |last1=Lindsay |first2=Henry |last2=Margenau |publisher=Ox Bow Press |date=1981 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name=\"Tf1T0\">{{cite web |url=https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1993/press.html |title=Gravity investigated with a binary pulsar-Press Release: The 1993 Nobel Prize in Physics |publisher=Nobel Foundation |access-date=6 July 2016 |archive-date=10 August 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180810182047/https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/1993/press.html |url-status=live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"CO6kH\">{{Cite web |title=Gravitational Waves: Ripples in the fabric of space-time |publisher=LIGO {{!}} MIT |url=http://space.mit.edu/LIGO/more.html |access-date=12 February 2016 |date=11 February 2016 |archive-date=19 February 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160219224900/http://space.mit.edu/LIGO/more.html |url-status=live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"oSmHb\">{{Cite web |title=Scientists make first direct detection of gravitational waves |website=Jennifer Chu |date=11 February 2016 |url=https://news.mit.edu/2016/ligo-first-detection-gravitational-waves-0211 |publisher=MIT News |access-date=12 February 2016 |archive-date=7 April 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190407170726/http://news.mit.edu/2016/ligo-first-detection-gravitational-waves-0211 |url-status=live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"hkKSp\">{{cite news|title=Einstein's gravitational waves 'seen' from black holes|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35524440|access-date=12 February 2016|language=en-GB|date=11 February 2016|last1=Ghosh|first1=Pallab|archive-date=11 February 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160211235836/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35524440|url-status=live}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"38Msx\">{{Cite news|title = Gravitational Waves Detected, Confirming Einstein's Theory|url = https://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/12/science/ligo-gravitational-waves-black-holes-einstein.html|newspaper = The New York Times|date = 11 February 2016|access-date = 12 February 2016|issn = 0362-4331|first = Dennis|last = Overbye|archive-date = 11 February 2016|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20160211165128/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/02/12/science/ligo-gravitational-waves-black-holes-einstein.html|url-status = live}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"sOA9t\">van Dongen, Jeroen (2010) ''Einstein's Unification'' Cambridge University Press, p. 23.</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"iJwuX\">{{cite book|last1=North|first1=J.D.|title=The Measure of the Universe: A History of Modern Cosmology|date=1965|publisher=Dover|location=New York|pages=81\u201383}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"J9Tqu\">{{cite journal|last1=Nussbaumer|first1=Harry|title=Einstein's conversion from his static to an expanding universe|journal=Eur. Phys. J. H|year=2014|volume=39|issue=1|pages=37\u201362|arxiv=1311.2763|doi=10.1140/epjh/e2013-40037-6|bibcode = 2014EPJH...39...37N|s2cid=122011477}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"sxfvo\">{{cite book|last1=Nussbaumer and Bieri|title=Discovering the Expanding Universe|date=2009|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=Cambridge|pages=144\u2013152}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"qmmVf\">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/09/books/review/brilliant-blunders-by-mario-livio.html |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220101/https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/09/books/review/brilliant-blunders-by-mario-livio.html |archive-date=1 January 2022 |url-access=limited|title=The Genius of Getting It Wrong|date=9 June 2013|newspaper=The New York Times|last1=Zimmer|first1=Carl}}{{cbignore}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"Tq53z\">{{Cite journal|title=Einstein's lost theory uncovered|volume=506|issue=7489|pages=418\u2013419|journal=Nature News & Comment|doi=10.1038/506418a|pmid=24572403|year=2014|last1=Castelvecchi|first1=Davide|bibcode=2014Natur.506..418C|s2cid=205080245|doi-access=free}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"8pfEk\">{{cite web|url=http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/outthere/2014/03/14/135th-birthday-einstein-still-full-surprises/|title=On His 135th Birthday, Einstein is Still Full of Surprises|website=Out There|date=14 March 2014|access-date=17 March 2014|archive-date=18 March 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140318005847/http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/outthere/2014/03/14/135th-birthday-einstein-still-full-surprises/|url-status=live}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"ILjYQ\">{{cite journal | last1 = Hoyle | year = 1948 | title = A New Model for the Expanding Universe | journal = MNRAS | volume = 108 | issue = 5| page = 372 |bibcode=1948MNRAS.108..372H | doi=10.1093/mnras/108.5.372| doi-access = free }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"ThZb0\">{{cite journal | last1 = Bondi | last2 = Gold | year = 1948 | title = The Steady-State Theory of the Expanding Universe | journal = MNRAS | volume = 108 | issue = 3| page = 252 |bibcode=1948MNRAS.108..252B | doi=10.1093/mnras/108.3.252| doi-access = free }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"7ShC9\">{{cite web |url=http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/crux/2014/03/07/einsteins-lost-theory-describes-a-universe-without-a-big-bang/ |title=Einstein's Lost Theory Describes a Universe Without a Big Bang |website=The Crux |author=Amir Aczel |date=7 March 2014 |access-date=17 March 2014 |archive-date=19 March 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140319110251/http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/crux/2014/03/07/einsteins-lost-theory-describes-a-universe-without-a-big-bang/ |url-status=live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"QNjpt\">{{cite web|title=2015 \u2013 General Relativity's Centennial|publisher=[[American Physical Society]]|year=2015|url=https://journals.aps.org/general-relativity-centennial|access-date=7 April 2017|archive-date=15 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181115201857/https://journals.aps.org/general-relativity-centennial|url-status=live}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"ja7FY\">{{Cite journal|title=Focus: The Birth of Wormholes|journal=Physics |volume=15 |first=David |last=Lindley |date=25 March 2005|page=11 |doi=10.1103/physrevfocus.15.11}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"ixm32\">{{cite web| url = http://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/nuggets/einstein/solidcolda.html| title = Celebrating Einstein 'Solid Cold'. U.S. DOE.| access-date = 21 February 2011| archive-date = 19 July 2017| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170719091347/https://www.osti.gov/accomplishments/nuggets/einstein/solidcolda.html| url-status = live}}, [[Office of Scientific and Technical Information]], 2011.</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"nlagl\">{{Cite web |url=https://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/releases/n01-04.htm |title=Cornell and Wieman Share 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics |date=9 October 2001 |access-date=11 June 2007 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070610080506/https://www.nist.gov/public_affairs/releases/n01-04.htm |archive-date=10 June 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"zZ2hS\">{{cite book |title=The New Penguin Dictionary of Modern Quotations |first1=Robert |last1=Andrews |publisher=Penguin UK |date=2003 |isbn=978-0-14-196531-4 |page=499 |url={{GBurl|id=VK0vR4fsaigC|pg=PT499}} |access-date=18 June 2015 }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"yzZtL\">{{cite journal|last1= Pais|first1= Abraham|date= October 1979|title= Einstein and the quantum theory|url= http://ursula.chem.yale.edu/~batista/classes/vvv/RevModPhys.51.863.pdf|journal= Reviews of Modern Physics|volume= 51|issue= 4|pages= 863\u2013914|doi= 10.1103/RevModPhys.51.863|bibcode= 1979RvMP...51..863P|access-date= 18 November 2019|archive-date= 29 August 2019|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20190829151347/http://ursula.chem.yale.edu/~batista/classes/vvv/RevModPhys.51.863.pdf|url-status= live}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"margot-obituary\">{{Cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1986/07/12/obituaries/margot-einstein-86-is-dead-stepdaughter-of-physicist.html |title=Obituary |newspaper=The New York Times |date=12 July 1986 |access-date=3 April 2011 |archive-date=10 September 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170910002303/http://www.nytimes.com/1986/07/12/obituaries/margot-einstein-86-is-dead-stepdaughter-of-physicist.html |url-status=live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"letters-love\">{{cite news |title =Letters Reveal Einstein Love Life |work =[[BBC News]] |url =http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5168002.stm |access-date =14 March 2007 |date =11 July 2006 |archive-date =2 May 2019 |archive-url =https://web.archive.org/web/20190502100238/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5168002.stm |url-status =live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"einstein.biz\">{{Cite web |url=http://einstein.biz/|title=Einstein|publisher=Corbis Rights Representation|access-date=8 August 2008 |url-status=live| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20080819220424/http://einstein.biz/| archive-date= 19 August 2008}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"casetext-hebrew-university\">{{cite web |date=15 October 2012 |url=https://casetext.com/case/hebrew-univ-of-jerusalem-v-gen-motors-llc |title=United States District Court, Central District of California, Case No. CV10\u201303790 AHM (JCx) |access-date=24 November 2019 |archive-date=21 January 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200121133844/https://casetext.com/case/hebrew-univ-of-jerusalem-v-gen-motors-llc |url-status=dead }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"pacermonitor-hebrew-university\">{{cite web |date=15 January 2015 |url=https://www.pacermonitor.com/public/case/944657/The_Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem_v_General_Motors_LLC |title=United States District Court, Central District of California, Case No.: CV-10-3790-AB (JCx) |access-date=24 November 2019 |archive-date=25 July 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725030614/https://www.pacermonitor.com/public/case/944657/The_Hebrew_University_of_Jerusalem_v_General_Motors_LLC |url-status=live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"disguise\">{{Cite magazine|url=https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1939/01/14/disguise-2|title=Disguise|first=E.|last=Libman|date=14 January 1939|magazine=The New Yorker|url-access=limited|access-date=15 April 2020|archive-date=25 July 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200725014949/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/1939/01/14/disguise-2|url-status=live}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"orchestra\">{{cite web |url=http://www.cindymctee.com/einsteins_dream.html |title=Einstein's Dream for orchestra |first=Cindy |last=McTee |publisher=Cindymctee.com |access-date=17 July 2010 |archive-date=18 April 2017 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170418203004/http://cindymctee.com/einsteins_dream.html |url-status=live }}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"fake-quotes\">{{cite web|last1=Novak|first1=Matt|title=9 Albert Einstein Quotes That Are Completely Fake|url=https://www.gizmodo.com.au/2015/05/9-albert-einstein-quotes-that-are-totally-fake/|website=Gizmodo|access-date=4 May 2018|date=16 May 2015|archive-date=5 July 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180705004258/https://www.gizmodo.com.au/2015/05/9-albert-einstein-quotes-that-are-totally-fake/|url-status=dead}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"><ref name=\"humiliate-atheist\">{{cite web|title=Did Albert Einstein Humiliate an Atheist Professor?|date=29 June 2004 |url=https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/false-einstein-humiliates-professor/|publisher=Snopes|access-date=4 May 2018|archive-date=4 November 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211104194315/https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/false-einstein-humiliates-professor/|url-status=live}}</ref></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\"></references></ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">=== Works cited ===</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{div col|colwidth=35em}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{cite journal | last1 = Bell | first1 = J. S. | title = On the problem of hidden variables in quantum mechanics | journal = Reviews of Modern Physics | volume = 38 | issue = 3 | pages = 447\u2013452 | year = 1966 | doi = 10.1103/revmodphys.38.447 |bibcode = 1966RvMP...38..447B | osti = 1444158 }}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{cite book |last=Calaprice |first=Alice |year=2000 |title=The Expanded Quotable Einstein |publisher=Princeton University Press|url=https://archive.org/details/expandedquotable00eins/page/n9/mode/2up|isbn=978-0-691-07021-6}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{cite book |last=Calaprice |first=Alice |year=2005 |title=The New Quotable Einstein |publisher=Princeton University Press |url=https://archive.org/details/newquotableeinst0000eins/page/n5/mode/2up|isbn=978-0-691-12075-1}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{cite book|last1=Calaprice|first1=Alice|last2=Lipscombe|first2=Trevor|year=2005|title=Albert Einstein: A Biography|publisher=Greenwood Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-313-33080-3 |url={{GBurl|id=5eWh2O_3OAQC}}}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{cite book |last=Calaprice |first=Alice |year=2010 |title=The Ultimate Quotable Einstein |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-3596-6 |url={{GBurl|id=G_iziBAPXtEC}}}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite book |last1=Calaprice |first1=Alice |first2=Daniel |last2=Kennefick |first3=Robert |last3=Schulmann |title=An Einstein Encyclopedia |publisher=Princeton University Press |year=2015 |bibcode=2016eien.book.....C }}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{cite book |last=Chaplin |first=Charles |year=1964 |title=Charles Chaplin: My Autobiography |publisher=Simon and Schuster |location=New York}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite book |last=Clark |first=Ronald W. |author-link=Ronald W. Clark |date=1971 |title=Einstein: The Life and Times |location=New York |publisher=Avon Books |isbn=978-0-380-44123-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/einstein00rona }}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite book |last=F\u00f6lsing |first=Albrecht |date=1997 |title=Albert Einstein |location=New York |publisher=Penguin Viking |translator-first=Ewald |translator-last=Osers |others=Abridged by Ewald Osers |isbn=978-0-670-85545-2|url=https://archive.org/details/alberteinsteinbi00fols}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite journal|last1=Fine |first1=Arthur |title=The Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Argument in Quantum Theory |url=https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qt-epr/ |website=Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy |year=2017 |publisher=Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{cite journal |last=Galison |first=Peter |date=Winter 2000 |title=Einstein's Clocks: The Question of Time |journal=Critical Inquiry |volume=26 |issue=2 |pages=355\u2013389 |doi=10.1086/448970 |jstor=1344127 |s2cid=144484466}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{cite book |editor-last=Glick |editor-first=Thomas F. |year=1987 |title=The Comparative Reception of Relativity |publisher=Kluwer Academic Publishers |isbn=978-90-277-2498-4}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{cite book |last1=Gordin |first1=Michael D. |title=Einstein in Bohemia |date=2020 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-17737-3 |language=en}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{cite journal|first1=Nicholas |last1=Harrigan |first2=Robert W.|author2-link=Robert Spekkens|last2=Spekkens |title=Einstein, incompleteness, and the epistemic view of quantum states |journal=[[Foundations of Physics]] |volume=40 |issue=2 |pages=125 |year=2010 |doi=10.1007/s10701-009-9347-0 |arxiv=0706.2661|bibcode=2010FoPh...40..125H |s2cid=32755624 }}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite book |last1=Highfield |first1=Roger |author-link=Roger Highfield |last2=Carter |first2=Paul |date=1993 |title=The Private Lives of Albert Einstein |location=London |publisher=Faber and Faber |isbn=978-0-571-17170-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/privatelivesofal00high_1}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite book |last=Hoffmann |first=Banesh |others=Collaboration with Helen Dukas |date=1972 |title=Albert Einstein: Creator and Rebel |location=New York |publisher=Viking Press |isbn=978-0-670-11181-7 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/alberteinsteincr0000hoff_y3a8 }}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{cite journal |last=Holton |first=Gerald |author-link=Gerald Holton |title=The migration of physicists to the United States |journal=Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists |publisher=Educational Foundation for Nuclear Science |date=April 1984 |volume=40 |issue=4 |pages=18\u201324 |doi=10.1080/00963402.1984.11459207 |bibcode=1984BuAtS..40d..18H |url={{GBurl|id=prgDAAAAMBAJ|p=18}}}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{cite book |last=Howard |first=D. |title=Sixty-Two Years of Uncertainty |chapter=\"Nicht Sein Kann was Nicht Sein Darf,\" or the Prehistory of EPR, 1909\u20131935: Einstein's Early Worries about the Quantum Mechanics of Composite Systems |year=1990 |series=NATO ASI Series |volume=226 |pages=61\u2013111 |doi=10.1007/978-1-4684-8771-8_6 |publisher=Springer |isbn=978-1-4684-8773-2}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite book |last=Isaacson |first=Walter |author-link=Walter Isaacson |date=2007 |title=[[Einstein: His Life and Universe]] |publisher=Simon & Schuster Paperbacks |location=New York |isbn=978-0-7432-6473-0}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{cite journal | last = Mermin |first = N. David |author-link=N. David Mermin |title = Hidden Variables and the Two Theorems of John Bell | journal = [[Reviews of Modern Physics]] | volume = 65 |pages = 803\u201315 | number = 3| date = July 1993 | url = http://cqi.inf.usi.ch/qic/Mermin1993.pdf |arxiv=1802.10119|doi = 10.1103/RevModPhys.65.803 |bibcode = 1993RvMP...65..803M |s2cid = 119546199 }}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite book |last=Neffe |first=J\u00fcrgen |title=Einstein: A Biography |translator-first=Shelley |translator-last=Frisch |date=2007 |url={{GBurl|id=B8K6n177ZwcC}} |publisher=[[Farrar, Straus and Giroux]] |isbn=978-0-374-14664-1 }}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite book |last=Pais |first=Abraham|date=1982 |title=[[Subtle is the Lord: The Science and the Life of Albert Einstein]] |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn=978-0-19-853907-0 }}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite book |last=Pais |first=Abraham |date=1994 |title=Einstein Lived Here |url=https://archive.org/details/einsteinlivedher00pais |url-access=registration |publisher=Oxford University Press |isbn= 978-0-19-280672-7 }}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite book|first=Roger |last=Penrose |title=The Road to Reality|year=2007|publisher=Vintage Books|isbn=978-0-679-77631-4}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{cite book |last=Peres |first=Asher |author-link=Asher Peres |title=Quantum Theory: Concepts and Methods |pages=149 |publisher=Kluwer |year=2002}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{cite book |last=Robeson |first=Paul |author-link=Paul Robeson|year=2002 |title=Paul Robeson Speaks |publisher=Citadel |page=333}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{cite book |editor1-last=Rowe |editor1-first=David E. |editor2-last=Schulmann |editor2-first=Robert |year=2007 |title=Einstein on Politics: His Private Thoughts and Public Stands on Nationalism, Zionism, War, Peace, and the Bomb |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-12094-2}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite book |editor1-last=Rowe |editor1-first=David E. |editor2-last=Schulmann |editor2-first=Robert |year=2013 |title=Einstein on Politics: His Private Thoughts and Public Stands on Nationalism, Zionism, War, Peace, and the Bomb |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-4828-7 |url={{GBurl|id=_X1dAAAAQBAJ}}}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{cite journal | last=Scheideler | first=Britta | title=The Scientist as Moral Authority: Albert Einstein between Elitism and Democracy, 1914\u20131933 | journal=Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences | year=2002 | volume=32 | issue=2 | pages=319\u2013346 | doi=10.1525/hsps.2002.32.2.319 | jstor=10.1525/hsps.2002.32.2.319}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite book|last=Stachel |first=John J. |date=1966 |title=Albert Einstein and Mileva Mari\u0107 |url=http://philoscience.unibe.ch/lehre/winter99/einstein/Stachel1966.pdf |access-date=13 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080307015425/http://philoscience.unibe.ch/lehre/winter99/einstein/Stachel1966.pdf |archive-date=7 March 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite book |last=Stachel |first=John J. |date=2002 |title=Einstein from 'B' to 'Z' |publisher=Birkh\u00e4user |series=Einstein Studies |volume=9 |isbn=978-0-8176-4143-6 |oclc=237532460}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{div col end}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">== Further reading ==</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{refbegin|30em}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite book |last=Brian |first=Denis |date=1996 |author-link=Denis Brian|title=Einstein: A Life |url=https://archive.org/details/einstein00deni |url-access=registration |location=New York |publisher=John Wiley |isbn=978-0471114598}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite book |last=Brian |first=Denis |date=2005 |author-link=Denis Brian|title=The Unexpected Einstein: The Real Man Behind the Icon |location=New York |publisher=John Wiley|isbn=978-0471718406}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{cite book |last1=Gimbel |first1=Steven |title=Einstein: His Space and Times |date=2015 |publisher=Yale University Press |isbn=978-0300196719}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{cite book |last1=Gimbel |first1=Steven |title=Einstein's Jewish Science: Physics at the Intersection of Politics and Religion |date=2012 |publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press |isbn=978-1421405544}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{cite EB1922 |wstitle=Einstein, Albert|last1= Lindemann |first1= Frederick Alexander |author-link=Frederick Alexander Lindemann}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite book |last=Moring |first=Gary |date=2004 |url=https://archive.org/details/completeidiotsgu00mori_0 |url-access=registration |quote=idiot's guide to Einstein. |title=The complete idiot's guide to understanding Einstein |edition=1st |location=Indianapolis, Indiana |publisher=Alpha books (Macmillan) |isbn=978-0-02-863180-6}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite journal |last=Oppenheimer |first=J. Robert |author-link=J. Robert Oppenheimer |year=1971 |title=On Albert Einstein |pages=8\u201312, 208 |journal=Science and Synthesis: An International Colloquium Organized by Unesco on the Tenth Anniversary of the Death of Albert Einstein and Teilhard de Chardin |others=Lecture delivered at the UNESCO House in Paris on 13 December 1965}}, or {{Cite news |work=[[The New York Review of Books]] |date=17 March 1966 |url=http://www.nybooks.com/articles/archives/1966/mar/17/on-albert-einstein/?pagination=false |title=On Albert Einstein by Robert Oppenheimer}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite book |last=Parker |first=Barry |date=2000 |title=Einstein's Brainchild: Relativity Made Relatively Easy! |url=https://archive.org/details/einsteinsbrainch00barr |url-access=registration |publisher=Prometheus Books |others=Illustrated by Lori Scoffield-Beer |isbn=978-1-59102-522-1}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite book |last=Rogers |first=Donald W. |title=Einstein's \"Other\" Theory: The Planck-Bose-Einstein Theory of Heat Capacity |publisher=Princeton University Press |date=2005 |isbn=978-0-691-11826-0}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite book |last=Schweber |first=Silvan S. |author-link=Silvan S. Schweber |date=2008 |title=Einstein and Oppenheimer: The Meaning of Genius |url=https://archive.org/details/einsteinoppenhei00schw |url-access=registration |publisher=Harvard University Press |isbn=978-0-674-02828-9}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Cite book |last=Stone |first=A. Douglas |date=2013 |title=Einstein and the Quantum |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-0-691-13968-5 |url-access=registration |url=https://archive.org/details/einsteinquantumq0000ston}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{cite journal |last1=Weinberg |first1=Steven |author-link=Steven Weinberg|title=Einstein's mistakes |journal=Physics Today |year=2005 |volume=58 |issue=11 |pages=31\u201335 |doi=10.1063/1.2155755 |bibcode=2005PhT....58k..31W |doi-access=free}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{refend}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">== External links ==</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Sister project links|Albert Einstein|wikt=no|n=no|s=Author:Albert Einstein|b=no|voy=no|v=no}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Scholia|author}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{gutenberg author|id=1630|name=Albert Einstein}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Internet Archive author |sname=Albert Einstein}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Librivox author |id=1035}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{IMDb name|0251868}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [https://www.ias.edu/scholars/einstein Home page of Albert Einstein] at [[The Institute for Advanced Study]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [https://web.archive.org/web/20150828225916/http://www.pha.jhu.edu/einstein/stuff/einstein%26music.pdf Einstein and his love of music (archived 2015)], ''[[Physics World]]'', Jan 2005</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{Nobelprize}} including the Nobel Lecture 11 July 1923 ''Fundamental ideas and problems of the theory of relativity''</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [https://web.archive.org/web/20140222071037/http://www.wdl.org/en/item/2745/ Einstein's declaration of intention for American citizenship (archived 2014)] on the [[World Digital Library]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">===Archival materials collections===</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [http://www.shapell.org/Collection/Jewish-Figures/Einstein-Albert Albert Einstein Historical Letters, Documents & Papers] from [[Shapell Manuscript Foundation]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [http://vault.fbi.gov/Albert%20Einstein Albert Einstein] in FBI Records: The Vault</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [http://www.alberteinstein.info/ Albert Einstein Archives Online (80,000+ Documents, currently offline)] from [[The Hebrew University of Jerusalem]] ([https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna46785542 MSNBC coverage in 19 March 2012])</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [http://www.albert-einstein.org/ The Albert Einstein Archives] at [[The Hebrew University of Jerusalem]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [https://web.archive.org/web/20130929151059/http://archon.brandeis.edu/?p=collections%2Ffindingaid&id=41 Finding aid to Albert Einstein Collection (archived 2013)] at [[Brandeis University]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [https://archivesspace.bu.edu/repositories/9/resources/1096 Finding aid to Albert Einstein collection] from [[Boston University]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [https://norman.hrc.utexas.edu/fasearch/findingAid.cfm?eadid=00524 Finding aid to Albert Einstein Collection] in [[Harry Ransom Center]] of [[University of Texas at Austin]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [https://archives.cjh.org/repositories/5/resources/3884 Finding aid to Albert Einstein Collection] from [[Center for Jewish History]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">====Digital collections====</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [http://einsteinpapers.press.princeton.edu/ The Digital Einstein Papers] {{--}} An open-access site for The Collected Papers of Albert Einstein, from [[Princeton University]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [https://digitallibrary.vassar.edu/collections/other-collections?f%5B0%5D=collection%3A5218 Albert Einstein Digital Collection] from [[Vassar College]] Digital Collections</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* {{PM20|FID=pe/004590}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">* [https://albert.ias.edu/ Albert \u2013 The Digital Repository of the IAS], which contains many digitized original documents and photographs</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Einstein|state=expanded}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Navboxes</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| title=Links to related articles</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">| list1=</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Copley Medallists 1901\u20131950}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Nobel Prize in Physics Laureates 1901\u20131925}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{1921 Nobel Prize winners}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{FRS 1921}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Relativity}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Portal bar|Biography|Judaism|Mathematics|Physics|Astronomy|Stars|Spaceflight|Outer space|Science}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{Authority control}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div>\u00a0</div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">{{DEFAULTSORT:Einstein, Albert}}</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Albert Einstein| ]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:20th-century American physicists]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:20th-century German physicists]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:20th-century American engineers]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:20th-century American inventors]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:20th-century Swiss inventors]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:20th-century American letter writers]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:20th-century American male writers]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:20th-century American science writers]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Academic staff of Charles University]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Academic staff of ETH Zurich]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Bern]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Academic staff of the University of Zurich]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Activists for African-American civil rights]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:American civil rights activists]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:American agnostics]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:American Ashkenazi Jews]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:American democratic socialists]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:American humanists]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:American male non-fiction writers]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:American Nobel laureates]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:American pacifists]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:American philosophers of mathematics]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:American quantum physicists]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:American relativity theorists]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:American theoretical physicists]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Anti-nationalists]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Deaths from abdominal aortic aneurysm]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Denaturalized citizens of Germany]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Einstein family|Albert]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:ETH Zurich alumni]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:European democratic socialists]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:German agnostics]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:German Ashkenazi Jews]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:German emigrants to Switzerland]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:German humanists]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:German male non-fiction writers]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:German Nobel laureates]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:German quantum physicists]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:German relativity theorists]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:German theoretical physicists]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Institute for Advanced Study faculty]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Jewish agnostics]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Jewish American non-fiction writers]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Jewish American physicists]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Jewish German physicists]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Jewish Nobel laureates]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Jewish American socialists]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:American socialists]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Max Planck Institute directors]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:International members of the American Philosophical Society]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Naturalised citizens of Austria]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Naturalised citizens of Switzerland]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Naturalized citizens of the United States]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Nobel laureates in Physics]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Pantheists]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Patent examiners]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:People from Ulm]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:People who lost German citizenship]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Philosophers of mathematics]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Philosophers of science]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Recipients of Franklin Medal]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Scientists from Munich]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Stateless people]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Swiss agnostics]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Swiss Ashkenazi Jews]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Swiss cosmologists]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Swiss emigrants to the United States]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Swiss Nobel laureates]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Swiss physicists]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:University of Zurich alumni]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Winners of the Max Planck Medal]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:Emigrants from W\u00fcrttemberg to the United States]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:19th-century German Jews]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:1879 births]]</ins></div></td></tr>\n<tr><td colspan=\"2\" class=\"diff-side-deleted\"></td><td class=\"diff-marker\" data-marker=\"+\"></td><td class=\"diff-addedline diff-side-added\"><div><ins class=\"diffchange diffchange-inline\">[[Category:1955 deaths]</ins>]</div></td></tr>\n"
}
}